windows 命令行参数解析编程，getopt的windows版本

Dear 丶 2022-01-29 14:29 426阅读 0赞

### windows 命令行参数解析编程 ###

Linux系统下处理命令行参数的编程比较简单，使用getopt即可快速的处理。

windowds系统下，没有getopt函数处理命令行参数，但是可以对getopt的源码进行简单的修改即可在windows程序进行命令行参数处理。

示例如下：

// getopt.h

/* Declarations for getopt.
       Copyright (C) 1989-1994,1996-1999,2001,2003,2004,2009,2010
       Free Software Foundation, Inc.
       This file is part of the GNU C Library.
    
       The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
       modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
       License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
       version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
    
       The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
       but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
       MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
       Lesser General Public License for more details.
    
       You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
       License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
       Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
       02111-1307 USA.  */
    
    #ifndef _GETOPT_H
    
    #ifndef __need_getopt
    #define _GETOPT_H 1
    #endif
    
    /* If __GNU_LIBRARY__ is not already defined, either we are being used
       standalone, or this is the first header included in the source file.
       If we are being used with glibc, we need to include <features.h>, but
       that does not exist if we are standalone.  So: if __GNU_LIBRARY__ is
       not defined, include <ctype.h>, which will pull in <features.h> for us
       if it's from glibc.  (Why ctype.h?  It's guaranteed to exist and it
       doesn't flood the namespace with stuff the way some other headers do.)  */
    #if !defined __GNU_LIBRARY__
    #include <ctype.h>
    #endif
    
    #ifndef __THROW
    #ifndef __GNUC_PREREQ
    #define __GNUC_PREREQ(maj, min) (0)
    #endif
    #if defined __cplusplus && __GNUC_PREREQ (2,8)
    #define __THROW	throw ()
    #else
    #define __THROW
    #endif
    #endif
    
    #ifdef	__cplusplus
    extern "C" {
    #endif
    
    /* For communication from `getopt' to the caller.
       When `getopt' finds an option that takes an argument,
       the argument value is returned here.
       Also, when `ordering' is RETURN_IN_ORDER,
       each non-option ARGV-element is returned here.  */
    
    extern char *optarg;
    
    /* Index in ARGV of the next element to be scanned.
       This is used for communication to and from the caller
       and for communication between successive calls to `getopt'.
    
       On entry to `getopt', zero means this is the first call; initialize.
    
       When `getopt' returns -1, this is the index of the first of the
       non-option elements that the caller should itself scan.
    
       Otherwise, `optind' communicates from one call to the next
       how much of ARGV has been scanned so far.  */
    
    extern int optind;
    
    /* Callers store zero here to inhibit the error message `getopt' prints
       for unrecognized options.  */
    
    extern int opterr;
    
    /* Set to an option character which was unrecognized.  */
    
    extern int optopt;
    
    #ifndef __need_getopt
    /* Describe the long-named options requested by the application.
       The LONG_OPTIONS argument to getopt_long or getopt_long_only is a vector
       of `struct option' terminated by an element containing a name which is
       zero.
    
       The field `has_arg' is:
       no_argument		(or 0) if the option does not take an argument,
       required_argument	(or 1) if the option requires an argument,
       optional_argument 	(or 2) if the option takes an optional argument.
    
       If the field `flag' is not NULL, it points to a variable that is set
       to the value given in the field `val' when the option is found, but
       left unchanged if the option is not found.
    
       To have a long-named option do something other than set an `int' to
       a compiled-in constant, such as set a value from `optarg', set the
       option's `flag' field to zero and its `val' field to a nonzero
       value (the equivalent single-letter option character, if there is
       one).  For long options that have a zero `flag' field, `getopt'
       returns the contents of the `val' field.  */
    
    struct option
    {
      const char *name;
      /* has_arg can't be an enum because some compilers complain about
         type mismatches in all the code that assumes it is an int.  */
      int has_arg;
      int *flag;
      int val;
    };
    
    /* Names for the values of the `has_arg' field of `struct option'.  */
    
    #define no_argument		0
    #define required_argument	1
    #define optional_argument	2
    #endif	/* need getopt */
    
    
    /* Get definitions and prototypes for functions to process the
       arguments in ARGV (ARGC of them, minus the program name) for
       options given in OPTS.
    
       Return the option character from OPTS just read.  Return -1 when
       there are no more options.  For unrecognized options, or options
       missing arguments, `optopt' is set to the option letter, and '?' is
       returned.
    
       The OPTS string is a list of characters which are recognized option
       letters, optionally followed by colons, specifying that that letter
       takes an argument, to be placed in `optarg'.
    
       If a letter in OPTS is followed by two colons, its argument is
       optional.  This behavior is specific to the GNU `getopt'.
    
       The argument `--' causes premature termination of argument
       scanning, explicitly telling `getopt' that there are no more
       options.
    
       If OPTS begins with `--', then non-option arguments are treated as
       arguments to the option '\0'.  This behavior is specific to the GNU
       `getopt'.  */
    
    #ifdef __GNU_LIBRARY__
    /* Many other libraries have conflicting prototypes for getopt, with
       differences in the consts, in stdlib.h.  To avoid compilation
       errors, only prototype getopt for the GNU C library.  */
    extern int getopt (int ___argc, char *const *___argv, const char *__shortopts)
           __THROW;
    
    #if defined __need_getopt && defined __USE_POSIX2 \
      && !defined __USE_POSIX_IMPLICITLY && !defined __USE_GNU
    /* The GNU getopt has more functionality than the standard version.  The
       additional functionality can be disable at runtime.  This redirection
       helps to also do this at runtime.  */
    #ifdef __REDIRECT
      extern int __REDIRECT_NTH (getopt, (int ___argc, char *const *___argv,
    				      const char *__shortopts),
    			     __posix_getopt);
    #else
    extern int __posix_getopt (int ___argc, char *const *___argv,
    			   const char *__shortopts) __THROW;
    #define getopt __posix_getopt
    #endif
    #endif
    #else /* not __GNU_LIBRARY__ */
    extern int getopt ();
    #endif /* __GNU_LIBRARY__ */
    
    #ifndef __need_getopt
    extern int getopt_long (int ___argc, char *const *___argv,
    			const char *__shortopts,
    		        const struct option *__longopts, int *__longind)
           __THROW;
    extern int getopt_long_only (int ___argc, char *const *___argv,
    			     const char *__shortopts,
    		             const struct option *__longopts, int *__longind)
           __THROW;
    
    #endif
    
    #ifdef	__cplusplus
    }
    #endif
    
    /* Make sure we later can get all the definitions and declarations.  */
    #undef __need_getopt
    
    #endif /* getopt.h */

// get\_opt.c

/* Getopt for GNU.
    NOTE: getopt is now part of the C library, so if you don't know what
    "Keep this file name-space clean" means, talk to drepper@gnu.org
    before changing it!
    Copyright (C) 1987,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,98,99,2000,2001
    Free Software Foundation, Inc.
    This file is part of the GNU C Library.
    
    The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
    modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
    License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
    version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
    
    The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
    Lesser General Public License for more details.
    
    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
    License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
    Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
    02111-1307 USA.  */
    
    /* This tells Alpha OSF/1 not to define a getopt prototype in <stdio.h>.
    Ditto for AIX 3.2 and <stdlib.h>.  */
    #ifndef _NO_PROTO
    # define _NO_PROTO
    #endif
    
    #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
    # include <config.h>
    #endif
    
    #if !defined __STDC__ || !__STDC__
    /* This is a separate conditional since some stdc systems
    reject `defined (const)'.  */
    # ifndef const
    #  define const
    # endif
    #endif
    
    #include <stdio.h>
    
    /* Comment out all this code if we are using the GNU C Library, and are not
    actually compiling the library itself.  This code is part of the GNU C
    Library, but also included in many other GNU distributions.  Compiling
    and linking in this code is a waste when using the GNU C library
    (especially if it is a shared library).  Rather than having every GNU
    program understand `configure --with-gnu-libc' and omit the object files,
    it is simpler to just do this in the source for each such file.  */
    
    #define GETOPT_INTERFACE_VERSION 2
    #if !defined _LIBC && defined __GLIBC__ && __GLIBC__ >= 2
    # include <gnu-versions.h>
    # if _GNU_GETOPT_INTERFACE_VERSION == GETOPT_INTERFACE_VERSION
    #  define ELIDE_CODE
    # endif
    #endif
    
    #ifndef ELIDE_CODE
    
    
    /* This needs to come after some library #include
    to get __GNU_LIBRARY__ defined.  */
    #ifdef	__GNU_LIBRARY__
    /* Don't include stdlib.h for non-GNU C libraries because some of them
    contain conflicting prototypes for getopt.  */
    # include <stdlib.h>
    # include <unistd.h>
    #endif	/* GNU C library.  */
    
    #ifdef VMS
    # include <unixlib.h>
    # if HAVE_STRING_H - 0
    #  include <string.h>
    # endif
    #endif
    
    #ifndef _
    /* This is for other GNU distributions with internationalized messages.  */
    # if (HAVE_LIBINTL_H && ENABLE_NLS) || defined _LIBC
    #  include <libintl.h>
    #  ifndef _
    #   define _(msgid)	gettext (msgid)
    #  endif
    # else
    #  define _(msgid)	(msgid)
    # endif
    # if defined _LIBC && defined USE_IN_LIBIO
    #  include <wchar.h>
    # endif
    #endif
    
    /* This version of `getopt' appears to the caller like standard Unix `getopt'
    but it behaves differently for the user, since it allows the user
    to intersperse the options with the other arguments.
    
    As `getopt' works, it permutes the elements of ARGV so that,
    when it is done, all the options precede everything else.  Thus
    all application programs are extended to handle flexible argument order.
    
    Setting the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT disables permutation.
    Then the behavior is completely standard.
    
    GNU application programs can use a third alternative mode in which
    they can distinguish the relative order of options and other arguments.  */
    
    #include "getopt.h"
    
    /* For communication from `getopt' to the caller.
    When `getopt' finds an option that takes an argument,
    the argument value is returned here.
    Also, when `ordering' is RETURN_IN_ORDER,
    each non-option ARGV-element is returned here.  */
    
    char *optarg;
    
    /* Index in ARGV of the next element to be scanned.
    This is used for communication to and from the caller
    and for communication between successive calls to `getopt'.
    
    On entry to `getopt', zero means this is the first call; initialize.
    
    When `getopt' returns -1, this is the index of the first of the
    non-option elements that the caller should itself scan.
    
    Otherwise, `optind' communicates from one call to the next
    how much of ARGV has been scanned so far.  */
    
    /* 1003.2 says this must be 1 before any call.  */
    int optind = 1;
    
    /* Formerly, initialization of getopt depended on optind==0, which
    causes problems with re-calling getopt as programs generally don't
    know that. */
    
    int __getopt_initialized;
    
    /* The next char to be scanned in the option-element
    in which the last option character we returned was found.
    This allows us to pick up the scan where we left off.
    
    If this is zero, or a null string, it means resume the scan
    by advancing to the next ARGV-element.  */
    
    static char *nextchar;
    
    /* Callers store zero here to inhibit the error message
    for unrecognized options.  */
    
    int opterr = 1;
    
    /* Set to an option character which was unrecognized.
    This must be initialized on some systems to avoid linking in the
    system's own getopt implementation.  */
    
    int optopt = '?';
    
    /* Describe how to deal with options that follow non-option ARGV-elements.
    
    If the caller did not specify anything,
    the default is REQUIRE_ORDER if the environment variable
    POSIXLY_CORRECT is defined, PERMUTE otherwise.
    
    REQUIRE_ORDER means don't recognize them as options;
    stop option processing when the first non-option is seen.
    This is what Unix does.
    This mode of operation is selected by either setting the environment
    variable POSIXLY_CORRECT, or using `+' as the first character
    of the list of option characters.
    
    PERMUTE is the default.  We permute the contents of ARGV as we scan,
    so that eventually all the non-options are at the end.  This allows options
    to be given in any order, even with programs that were not written to
    expect this.
    
    RETURN_IN_ORDER is an option available to programs that were written
    to expect options and other ARGV-elements in any order and that care about
    the ordering of the two.  We describe each non-option ARGV-element
    as if it were the argument of an option with character code 1.
    Using `-' as the first character of the list of option characters
    selects this mode of operation.
    
    The special argument `--' forces an end of option-scanning regardless
    of the value of `ordering'.  In the case of RETURN_IN_ORDER, only
    `--' can cause `getopt' to return -1 with `optind' != ARGC.  */
    
    static enum
    {
    	REQUIRE_ORDER, PERMUTE, RETURN_IN_ORDER
    } ordering;
    
    /* Value of POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable.  */
    static char *posixly_correct;
    
    #ifdef	__GNU_LIBRARY__
    /* We want to avoid inclusion of string.h with non-GNU libraries
    because there are many ways it can cause trouble.
    On some systems, it contains special magic macros that don't work
    in GCC.  */
    # include <string.h>
    # define my_index	strchr
    #else
    
    #define HAVE_STRING_H 1
    # if HAVE_STRING_H
    #  include <string.h>
    # else
    #  include <strings.h>
    # endif
    
    /* Avoid depending on library functions or files
    whose names are inconsistent.  */
    
    #ifndef getenv
    extern char *getenv();
    #endif
    
    static char *
    my_index(str, chr)
    const char *str;
    int chr;
    {
    	while (*str)
    	{
    		if (*str == chr)
    			return (char *)str;
    		str++;
    	}
    	return 0;
    }
    
    /* If using GCC, we can safely declare strlen this way.
    If not using GCC, it is ok not to declare it.  */
    #ifdef __GNUC__
    /* Note that Motorola Delta 68k R3V7 comes with GCC but not stddef.h.
    That was relevant to code that was here before.  */
    # if (!defined __STDC__ || !__STDC__) && !defined strlen
    /* gcc with -traditional declares the built-in strlen to return int,
    and has done so at least since version 2.4.5. -- rms.  */
    extern int strlen(const char *);
    # endif /* not __STDC__ */
    #endif /* __GNUC__ */
    
    #endif /* not __GNU_LIBRARY__ */
    
    /* Handle permutation of arguments.  */
    
    /* Describe the part of ARGV that contains non-options that have
    been skipped.  `first_nonopt' is the index in ARGV of the first of them;
    `last_nonopt' is the index after the last of them.  */
    
    static int first_nonopt;
    static int last_nonopt;
    
    #ifdef _LIBC
    /* Stored original parameters.
    XXX This is no good solution.  We should rather copy the args so
    that we can compare them later.  But we must not use malloc(3).  */
    extern int __libc_argc;
    extern char **__libc_argv;
    
    /* Bash 2.0 gives us an environment variable containing flags
    indicating ARGV elements that should not be considered arguments.  */
    
    # ifdef USE_NONOPTION_FLAGS
    /* Defined in getopt_init.c  */
    extern char *__getopt_nonoption_flags;
    
    static int nonoption_flags_max_len;
    static int nonoption_flags_len;
    # endif
    
    # ifdef USE_NONOPTION_FLAGS
    #  define SWAP_FLAGS(ch1, ch2) \
    if (nonoption_flags_len > 0)						      \
    {									      \
    	char __tmp = __getopt_nonoption_flags[ch1];			      \
    	__getopt_nonoption_flags[ch1] = __getopt_nonoption_flags[ch2];	      \
    	__getopt_nonoption_flags[ch2] = __tmp;				      \
    }
    # else
    #  define SWAP_FLAGS(ch1, ch2)
    # endif
    #else	/* !_LIBC */
    # define SWAP_FLAGS(ch1, ch2)
    #endif	/* _LIBC */
    
    /* Exchange two adjacent subsequences of ARGV.
    One subsequence is elements [first_nonopt,last_nonopt)
    which contains all the non-options that have been skipped so far.
    The other is elements [last_nonopt,optind), which contains all
    the options processed since those non-options were skipped.
    
    `first_nonopt' and `last_nonopt' are relocated so that they describe
    the new indices of the non-options in ARGV after they are moved.  */
    
    #if defined __STDC__ && __STDC__
    static void exchange(char **);
    #endif
    
    static void
    exchange(argv)
    char **argv;
    {
    	int bottom = first_nonopt;
    	int middle = last_nonopt;
    	int top = optind;
    	char *tem;
    
    	/* Exchange the shorter segment with the far end of the longer segment.
    	That puts the shorter segment into the right place.
    	It leaves the longer segment in the right place overall,
    	but it consists of two parts that need to be swapped next.  */
    
    #if defined _LIBC && defined USE_NONOPTION_FLAGS
    	/* First make sure the handling of the `__getopt_nonoption_flags'
    	string can work normally.  Our top argument must be in the range
    	of the string.  */
    	if (nonoption_flags_len > 0 && top >= nonoption_flags_max_len)
    	{
    		/* We must extend the array.  The user plays games with us and
    		presents new arguments.  */
    		char *new_str = malloc(top + 1);
    		if (new_str == NULL)
    			nonoption_flags_len = nonoption_flags_max_len = 0;
    		else
    		{
    			memset(__mempcpy(new_str, __getopt_nonoption_flags,
    				nonoption_flags_max_len),
    				'\0', top + 1 - nonoption_flags_max_len);
    			nonoption_flags_max_len = top + 1;
    			__getopt_nonoption_flags = new_str;
    		}
    	}
    #endif
    
    	while (top > middle && middle > bottom)
    	{
    		if (top - middle > middle - bottom)
    		{
    			/* Bottom segment is the short one.  */
    			int len = middle - bottom;
    			register int i;
    
    			/* Swap it with the top part of the top segment.  */
    			for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
    			{
    				tem = argv[bottom + i];
    				argv[bottom + i] = argv[top - (middle - bottom) + i];
    				argv[top - (middle - bottom) + i] = tem;
    				SWAP_FLAGS(bottom + i, top - (middle - bottom) + i);
    			}
    			/* Exclude the moved bottom segment from further swapping.  */
    			top -= len;
    		}
    		else
    		{
    			/* Top segment is the short one.  */
    			int len = top - middle;
    			register int i;
    
    			/* Swap it with the bottom part of the bottom segment.  */
    			for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
    			{
    				tem = argv[bottom + i];
    				argv[bottom + i] = argv[middle + i];
    				argv[middle + i] = tem;
    				SWAP_FLAGS(bottom + i, middle + i);
    			}
    			/* Exclude the moved top segment from further swapping.  */
    			bottom += len;
    		}
    	}
    
    	/* Update records for the slots the non-options now occupy.  */
    
    	first_nonopt += (optind - last_nonopt);
    	last_nonopt = optind;
    }
    
    /* Initialize the internal data when the first call is made.  */
    
    #if defined __STDC__ && __STDC__
    static const char *_getopt_initialize(int, char *const *, const char *);
    #endif
    static const char *
    _getopt_initialize(argc, argv, optstring)
    int argc;
    char *const *argv;
    const char *optstring;
    {
    	/* Start processing options with ARGV-element 1 (since ARGV-element 0
    	is the program name); the sequence of previously skipped
    	non-option ARGV-elements is empty.  */
    
    	first_nonopt = last_nonopt = optind;
    
    	nextchar = NULL;
    
    	posixly_correct = getenv("POSIXLY_CORRECT");
    
    	/* Determine how to handle the ordering of options and nonoptions.  */
    
    	if (optstring[0] == '-')
    	{
    		ordering = RETURN_IN_ORDER;
    		++optstring;
    	}
    	else if (optstring[0] == '+')
    	{
    		ordering = REQUIRE_ORDER;
    		++optstring;
    	}
    	else if (posixly_correct != NULL)
    		ordering = REQUIRE_ORDER;
    	else
    		ordering = PERMUTE;
    
    #if defined _LIBC && defined USE_NONOPTION_FLAGS
    	if (posixly_correct == NULL
    		&& argc == __libc_argc && argv == __libc_argv)
    	{
    		if (nonoption_flags_max_len == 0)
    		{
    			if (__getopt_nonoption_flags == NULL
    				|| __getopt_nonoption_flags[0] == '\0')
    				nonoption_flags_max_len = -1;
    			else
    			{
    				const char *orig_str = __getopt_nonoption_flags;
    				int len = nonoption_flags_max_len = strlen(orig_str);
    				if (nonoption_flags_max_len < argc)
    					nonoption_flags_max_len = argc;
    				__getopt_nonoption_flags =
    					(char *)malloc(nonoption_flags_max_len);
    				if (__getopt_nonoption_flags == NULL)
    					nonoption_flags_max_len = -1;
    				else
    					memset(__mempcpy(__getopt_nonoption_flags, orig_str, len),
    					'\0', nonoption_flags_max_len - len);
    			}
    		}
    		nonoption_flags_len = nonoption_flags_max_len;
    	}
    	else
    		nonoption_flags_len = 0;
    #endif
    
    	return optstring;
    }
    
    /* Scan elements of ARGV (whose length is ARGC) for option characters
    given in OPTSTRING.
    
    If an element of ARGV starts with '-', and is not exactly "-" or "--",
    then it is an option element.  The characters of this element
    (aside from the initial '-') are option characters.  If `getopt'
    is called repeatedly, it returns successively each of the option characters
    from each of the option elements.
    
    If `getopt' finds another option character, it returns that character,
    updating `optind' and `nextchar' so that the next call to `getopt' can
    resume the scan with the following option character or ARGV-element.
    
    If there are no more option characters, `getopt' returns -1.
    Then `optind' is the index in ARGV of the first ARGV-element
    that is not an option.  (The ARGV-elements have been permuted
    so that those that are not options now come last.)
    
    OPTSTRING is a string containing the legitimate option characters.
    If an option character is seen that is not listed in OPTSTRING,
    return '?' after printing an error message.  If you set `opterr' to
    zero, the error message is suppressed but we still return '?'.
    
    If a char in OPTSTRING is followed by a colon, that means it wants an arg,
    so the following text in the same ARGV-element, or the text of the following
    ARGV-element, is returned in `optarg'.  Two colons mean an option that
    wants an optional arg; if there is text in the current ARGV-element,
    it is returned in `optarg', otherwise `optarg' is set to zero.
    
    If OPTSTRING starts with `-' or `+', it requests different methods of
    handling the non-option ARGV-elements.
    See the comments about RETURN_IN_ORDER and REQUIRE_ORDER, above.
    
    Long-named options begin with `--' instead of `-'.
    Their names may be abbreviated as long as the abbreviation is unique
    or is an exact match for some defined option.  If they have an
    argument, it follows the option name in the same ARGV-element, separated
    from the option name by a `=', or else the in next ARGV-element.
    When `getopt' finds a long-named option, it returns 0 if that option's
    `flag' field is nonzero, the value of the option's `val' field
    if the `flag' field is zero.
    
    The elements of ARGV aren't really const, because we permute them.
    But we pretend they're const in the prototype to be compatible
    with other systems.
    
    LONGOPTS is a vector of `struct option' terminated by an
    element containing a name which is zero.
    
    LONGIND returns the index in LONGOPT of the long-named option found.
    It is only valid when a long-named option has been found by the most
    recent call.
    
    If LONG_ONLY is nonzero, '-' as well as '--' can introduce
    long-named options.  */
    
    int
    _getopt_internal(argc, argv, optstring, longopts, longind, long_only)
    int argc;
    char *const *argv;
    const char *optstring;
    const struct option *longopts;
    int *longind;
    int long_only;
    {
    	int print_errors = opterr;
    	if (optstring[0] == ':')
    		print_errors = 0;
    
    	if (argc < 1)
    		return -1;
    
    	optarg = NULL;
    
    	if (optind == 0 || !__getopt_initialized)
    	{
    		if (optind == 0)
    			optind = 1;	/* Don't scan ARGV[0], the program name.  */
    		optstring = _getopt_initialize(argc, argv, optstring);
    		__getopt_initialized = 1;
    	}
    
    	/* Test whether ARGV[optind] points to a non-option argument.
    	Either it does not have option syntax, or there is an environment flag
    	from the shell indicating it is not an option.  The later information
    	is only used when the used in the GNU libc.  */
    #if defined _LIBC && defined USE_NONOPTION_FLAGS
    # define NONOPTION_P (argv[optind][0] != '-' || argv[optind][1] == '\0'	      \
    	|| (optind < nonoption_flags_len			      \
    	&& __getopt_nonoption_flags[optind] == '1'))
    #else
    # define NONOPTION_P (argv[optind][0] != '-' || argv[optind][1] == '\0')
    #endif
    
    	if (nextchar == NULL || *nextchar == '\0')
    	{
    		/* Advance to the next ARGV-element.  */
    
    		/* Give FIRST_NONOPT & LAST_NONOPT rational values if OPTIND has been
    		moved back by the user (who may also have changed the arguments).  */
    		if (last_nonopt > optind)
    			last_nonopt = optind;
    		if (first_nonopt > optind)
    			first_nonopt = optind;
    
    		if (ordering == PERMUTE)
    		{
    			/* If we have just processed some options following some non-options,
    			exchange them so that the options come first.  */
    
    			if (first_nonopt != last_nonopt && last_nonopt != optind)
    				exchange((char **)argv);
    			else if (last_nonopt != optind)
    				first_nonopt = optind;
    
    			/* Skip any additional non-options
    			and extend the range of non-options previously skipped.  */
    
    			while (optind < argc && NONOPTION_P)
    				optind++;
    			last_nonopt = optind;
    		}
    
    		/* The special ARGV-element `--' means premature end of options.
    		Skip it like a null option,
    		then exchange with previous non-options as if it were an option,
    		then skip everything else like a non-option.  */
    
    		if (optind != argc && !strcmp(argv[optind], "--"))
    		{
    			optind++;
    
    			if (first_nonopt != last_nonopt && last_nonopt != optind)
    				exchange((char **)argv);
    			else if (first_nonopt == last_nonopt)
    				first_nonopt = optind;
    			last_nonopt = argc;
    
    			optind = argc;
    		}
    
    		/* If we have done all the ARGV-elements, stop the scan
    		and back over any non-options that we skipped and permuted.  */
    
    		if (optind == argc)
    		{
    			/* Set the next-arg-index to point at the non-options
    			that we previously skipped, so the caller will digest them.  */
    			if (first_nonopt != last_nonopt)
    				optind = first_nonopt;
    			return -1;
    		}
    
    		/* If we have come to a non-option and did not permute it,
    		either stop the scan or describe it to the caller and pass it by.  */
    
    		if (NONOPTION_P)
    		{
    			if (ordering == REQUIRE_ORDER)
    				return -1;
    			optarg = argv[optind++];
    			return 1;
    		}
    
    		/* We have found another option-ARGV-element.
    		Skip the initial punctuation.  */
    
    		nextchar = (argv[optind] + 1
    			+ (longopts != NULL && argv[optind][1] == '-'));
    	}
    
    	/* Decode the current option-ARGV-element.  */
    
    	/* Check whether the ARGV-element is a long option.
    
    	If long_only and the ARGV-element has the form "-f", where f is
    	a valid short option, don't consider it an abbreviated form of
    	a long option that starts with f.  Otherwise there would be no
    	way to give the -f short option.
    
    	On the other hand, if there's a long option "fubar" and
    	the ARGV-element is "-fu", do consider that an abbreviation of
    	the long option, just like "--fu", and not "-f" with arg "u".
    
    	This distinction seems to be the most useful approach.  */
    
    	if (longopts != NULL
    		&& (argv[optind][1] == '-'
    		|| (long_only && (argv[optind][2] || !my_index(optstring, argv[optind][1])))))
    	{
    		char *nameend;
    		const struct option *p;
    		const struct option *pfound = NULL;
    		int exact = 0;
    		int ambig = 0;
    		int indfound = -1;
    		int option_index;
    
    		for (nameend = nextchar; *nameend && *nameend != '='; nameend++)
    			/* Do nothing.  */;
    
    		/* Test all long options for either exact match
    		or abbreviated matches.  */
    		for (p = longopts, option_index = 0; p->name; p++, option_index++)
    		if (!strncmp(p->name, nextchar, nameend - nextchar))
    		{
    			if ((unsigned int)(nameend - nextchar)
    				== (unsigned int)strlen(p->name))
    			{
    				/* Exact match found.  */
    				pfound = p;
    				indfound = option_index;
    				exact = 1;
    				break;
    			}
    			else if (pfound == NULL)
    			{
    				/* First nonexact match found.  */
    				pfound = p;
    				indfound = option_index;
    			}
    			else if (long_only
    				|| pfound->has_arg != p->has_arg
    				|| pfound->flag != p->flag
    				|| pfound->val != p->val)
    				/* Second or later nonexact match found.  */
    				ambig = 1;
    		}
    
    		if (ambig && !exact)
    		{
    			if (print_errors)
    			{
    #if defined _LIBC && defined USE_IN_LIBIO
    				char *buf;
    
    				__asprintf(&buf, _("%s: option `%s' is ambiguous\n"),
    					argv[0], argv[optind]);
    
    				if (_IO_fwide(stderr, 0) > 0)
    					__fwprintf(stderr, L"%s", buf);
    				else
    					fputs(buf, stderr);
    
    				free(buf);
    #else
    				fprintf(stderr, _("%s: option `%s' is ambiguous\n"),
    					argv[0], argv[optind]);
    #endif
    			}
    			nextchar += strlen(nextchar);
    			optind++;
    			optopt = 0;
    			return '?';
    		}
    
    		if (pfound != NULL)
    		{
    			option_index = indfound;
    			optind++;
    			if (*nameend)
    			{
    				/* Don't test has_arg with >, because some C compilers don't
    				allow it to be used on enums.  */
    				if (pfound->has_arg)
    					optarg = nameend + 1;
    				else
    				{
    					if (print_errors)
    					{
    #if defined _LIBC && defined USE_IN_LIBIO
    						char *buf;
    #endif
    
    						if (argv[optind - 1][1] == '-')
    						{
    							/* --option */
    #if defined _LIBC && defined USE_IN_LIBIO
    							__asprintf(&buf, _("\
    											   %s: option `--%s' doesn't allow an argument\n"),
    											   argv[0], pfound->name);
    #else
    							fprintf(stderr, _("\
    											  %s: option `--%s' doesn't allow an argument\n"),
    											  argv[0], pfound->name);
    #endif
    						}
    						else
    						{
    							/* +option or -option */
    #if defined _LIBC && defined USE_IN_LIBIO
    							__asprintf(&buf, _("\
    											   %s: option `%c%s' doesn't allow an argument\n"),
    											   argv[0], argv[optind - 1][0],
    											   pfound->name);
    #else
    							fprintf(stderr, _("\
    											  %s: option `%c%s' doesn't allow an argument\n"),
    											  argv[0], argv[optind - 1][0], pfound->name);
    #endif
    						}
    
    #if defined _LIBC && defined USE_IN_LIBIO
    						if (_IO_fwide(stderr, 0) > 0)
    							__fwprintf(stderr, L"%s", buf);
    						else
    							fputs(buf, stderr);
    
    						free(buf);
    #endif
    					}
    
    					nextchar += strlen(nextchar);
    
    					optopt = pfound->val;
    					return '?';
    				}
    			}
    			else if (pfound->has_arg == 1)
    			{
    				if (optind < argc)
    					optarg = argv[optind++];
    				else
    				{
    					if (print_errors)
    					{
    #if defined _LIBC && defined USE_IN_LIBIO
    						char *buf;
    
    						__asprintf(&buf,
    							_("%s: option `%s' requires an argument\n"),
    							argv[0], argv[optind - 1]);
    
    						if (_IO_fwide(stderr, 0) > 0)
    							__fwprintf(stderr, L"%s", buf);
    						else
    							fputs(buf, stderr);
    
    						free(buf);
    #else
    						fprintf(stderr,
    							_("%s: option `%s' requires an argument\n"),
    							argv[0], argv[optind - 1]);
    #endif
    					}
    					nextchar += strlen(nextchar);
    					optopt = pfound->val;
    					return optstring[0] == ':' ? ':' : '?';
    				}
    			}
    			nextchar += strlen(nextchar);
    			if (longind != NULL)
    				*longind = option_index;
    			if (pfound->flag)
    			{
    				*(pfound->flag) = pfound->val;
    				return 0;
    			}
    			return pfound->val;
    		}
    
    		/* Can't find it as a long option.  If this is not getopt_long_only,
    		or the option starts with '--' or is not a valid short
    		option, then it's an error.
    		Otherwise interpret it as a short option.  */
    		if (!long_only || argv[optind][1] == '-'
    			|| my_index(optstring, *nextchar) == NULL)
    		{
    			if (print_errors)
    			{
    #if defined _LIBC && defined USE_IN_LIBIO
    				char *buf;
    #endif
    
    				if (argv[optind][1] == '-')
    				{
    					/* --option */
    #if defined _LIBC && defined USE_IN_LIBIO
    					__asprintf(&buf, _("%s: unrecognized option `--%s'\n"),
    						argv[0], nextchar);
    #else
    					fprintf(stderr, _("%s: unrecognized option `--%s'\n"),
    						argv[0], nextchar);
    #endif
    				}
    				else
    				{
    					/* +option or -option */
    #if defined _LIBC && defined USE_IN_LIBIO
    					__asprintf(&buf, _("%s: unrecognized option `%c%s'\n"),
    						argv[0], argv[optind][0], nextchar);
    #else
    					fprintf(stderr, _("%s: unrecognized option `%c%s'\n"),
    						argv[0], argv[optind][0], nextchar);
    #endif
    				}
    
    #if defined _LIBC && defined USE_IN_LIBIO
    				if (_IO_fwide(stderr, 0) > 0)
    					__fwprintf(stderr, L"%s", buf);
    				else
    					fputs(buf, stderr);
    
    				free(buf);
    #endif
    			}
    			nextchar = (char *) "";
    			optind++;
    			optopt = 0;
    			return '?';
    		}
    	}
    
    	/* Look at and handle the next short option-character.  */
    
    	{
    		char c = *nextchar++;
    		char *temp = my_index(optstring, c);
    
    		/* Increment `optind' when we start to process its last character.  */
    		if (*nextchar == '\0')
    			++optind;
    
    		if (temp == NULL || c == ':')
    		{
    			if (print_errors)
    			{
    #if defined _LIBC && defined USE_IN_LIBIO
    				char *buf;
    #endif
    
    				if (posixly_correct)
    				{
    					/* 1003.2 specifies the format of this message.  */
    #if defined _LIBC && defined USE_IN_LIBIO
    					__asprintf(&buf, _("%s: illegal option -- %c\n"),
    						argv[0], c);
    #else
    					fprintf(stderr, _("%s: illegal option -- %c\n"), argv[0], c);
    #endif
    				}
    				else
    				{
    #if defined _LIBC && defined USE_IN_LIBIO
    					__asprintf(&buf, _("%s: invalid option -- %c\n"),
    						argv[0], c);
    #else
    					fprintf(stderr, _("%s: invalid option -- %c\n"), argv[0], c);
    #endif
    				}
    
    #if defined _LIBC && defined USE_IN_LIBIO
    				if (_IO_fwide(stderr, 0) > 0)
    					__fwprintf(stderr, L"%s", buf);
    				else
    					fputs(buf, stderr);
    
    				free(buf);
    #endif
    			}
    			optopt = c;
    			return '?';
    		}
    		/* Convenience. Treat POSIX -W foo same as long option --foo */
    		if (temp[0] == 'W' && temp[1] == ';')
    		{
    			char *nameend;
    			const struct option *p;
    			const struct option *pfound = NULL;
    			int exact = 0;
    			int ambig = 0;
    			int indfound = 0;
    			int option_index;
    
    			/* This is an option that requires an argument.  */
    			if (*nextchar != '\0')
    			{
    				optarg = nextchar;
    				/* If we end this ARGV-element by taking the rest as an arg,
    				we must advance to the next element now.  */
    				optind++;
    			}
    			else if (optind == argc)
    			{
    				if (print_errors)
    				{
    					/* 1003.2 specifies the format of this message.  */
    #if defined _LIBC && defined USE_IN_LIBIO
    					char *buf;
    
    					__asprintf(&buf, _("%s: option requires an argument -- %c\n"),
    						argv[0], c);
    
    					if (_IO_fwide(stderr, 0) > 0)
    						__fwprintf(stderr, L"%s", buf);
    					else
    						fputs(buf, stderr);
    
    					free(buf);
    #else
    					fprintf(stderr, _("%s: option requires an argument -- %c\n"),
    						argv[0], c);
    #endif
    				}
    				optopt = c;
    				if (optstring[0] == ':')
    					c = ':';
    				else
    					c = '?';
    				return c;
    			}
    			else
    				/* We already incremented `optind' once;
    				increment it again when taking next ARGV-elt as argument.  */
    				optarg = argv[optind++];
    
    			/* optarg is now the argument, see if it's in the
    			table of longopts.  */
    
    			for (nextchar = nameend = optarg; *nameend && *nameend != '='; nameend++)
    				/* Do nothing.  */;
    
    			/* Test all long options for either exact match
    			or abbreviated matches.  */
    			for (p = longopts, option_index = 0; p->name; p++, option_index++)
    			if (!strncmp(p->name, nextchar, nameend - nextchar))
    			{
    				if ((unsigned int)(nameend - nextchar) == strlen(p->name))
    				{
    					/* Exact match found.  */
    					pfound = p;
    					indfound = option_index;
    					exact = 1;
    					break;
    				}
    				else if (pfound == NULL)
    				{
    					/* First nonexact match found.  */
    					pfound = p;
    					indfound = option_index;
    				}
    				else
    					/* Second or later nonexact match found.  */
    					ambig = 1;
    			}
    			if (ambig && !exact)
    			{
    				if (print_errors)
    				{
    #if defined _LIBC && defined USE_IN_LIBIO
    					char *buf;
    
    					__asprintf(&buf, _("%s: option `-W %s' is ambiguous\n"),
    						argv[0], argv[optind]);
    
    					if (_IO_fwide(stderr, 0) > 0)
    						__fwprintf(stderr, L"%s", buf);
    					else
    						fputs(buf, stderr);
    
    					free(buf);
    #else
    					fprintf(stderr, _("%s: option `-W %s' is ambiguous\n"),
    						argv[0], argv[optind]);
    #endif
    				}
    				nextchar += strlen(nextchar);
    				optind++;
    				return '?';
    			}
    			if (pfound != NULL)
    			{
    				option_index = indfound;
    				if (*nameend)
    				{
    					/* Don't test has_arg with >, because some C compilers don't
    					allow it to be used on enums.  */
    					if (pfound->has_arg)
    						optarg = nameend + 1;
    					else
    					{
    						if (print_errors)
    						{
    #if defined _LIBC && defined USE_IN_LIBIO
    							char *buf;
    
    							__asprintf(&buf, _("\
    											   %s: option `-W %s' doesn't allow an argument\n"),
    											   argv[0], pfound->name);
    
    							if (_IO_fwide(stderr, 0) > 0)
    								__fwprintf(stderr, L"%s", buf);
    							else
    								fputs(buf, stderr);
    
    							free(buf);
    #else
    							fprintf(stderr, _("\
    											  %s: option `-W %s' doesn't allow an argument\n"),
    											  argv[0], pfound->name);
    #endif
    						}
    
    						nextchar += strlen(nextchar);
    						return '?';
    					}
    				}
    				else if (pfound->has_arg == 1)
    				{
    					if (optind < argc)
    						optarg = argv[optind++];
    					else
    					{
    						if (print_errors)
    						{
    #if defined _LIBC && defined USE_IN_LIBIO
    							char *buf;
    
    							__asprintf(&buf, _("\
    											   %s: option `%s' requires an argument\n"),
    											   argv[0], argv[optind - 1]);
    
    							if (_IO_fwide(stderr, 0) > 0)
    								__fwprintf(stderr, L"%s", buf);
    							else
    								fputs(buf, stderr);
    
    							free(buf);
    #else
    							fprintf(stderr,
    								_("%s: option `%s' requires an argument\n"),
    								argv[0], argv[optind - 1]);
    #endif
    						}
    						nextchar += strlen(nextchar);
    						return optstring[0] == ':' ? ':' : '?';
    					}
    				}
    				nextchar += strlen(nextchar);
    				if (longind != NULL)
    					*longind = option_index;
    				if (pfound->flag)
    				{
    					*(pfound->flag) = pfound->val;
    					return 0;
    				}
    				return pfound->val;
    			}
    			nextchar = NULL;
    			return 'W';	/* Let the application handle it.   */
    		}
    		if (temp[1] == ':')
    		{
    			if (temp[2] == ':')
    			{
    				/* This is an option that accepts an argument optionally.  */
    				if (*nextchar != '\0')
    				{
    					optarg = nextchar;
    					optind++;
    				}
    				else
    					optarg = NULL;
    				nextchar = NULL;
    			}
    			else
    			{
    				/* This is an option that requires an argument.  */
    				if (*nextchar != '\0')
    				{
    					optarg = nextchar;
    					/* If we end this ARGV-element by taking the rest as an arg,
    					we must advance to the next element now.  */
    					optind++;
    				}
    				else if (optind == argc)
    				{
    					if (print_errors)
    					{
    						/* 1003.2 specifies the format of this message.  */
    #if defined _LIBC && defined USE_IN_LIBIO
    						char *buf;
    
    						__asprintf(&buf,
    							_("%s: option requires an argument -- %c\n"),
    							argv[0], c);
    
    						if (_IO_fwide(stderr, 0) > 0)
    							__fwprintf(stderr, L"%s", buf);
    						else
    							fputs(buf, stderr);
    
    						free(buf);
    #else
    						fprintf(stderr,
    							_("%s: option requires an argument -- %c\n"),
    							argv[0], c);
    #endif
    					}
    					optopt = c;
    					if (optstring[0] == ':')
    						c = ':';
    					else
    						c = '?';
    				}
    				else
    					/* We already incremented `optind' once;
    					increment it again when taking next ARGV-elt as argument.  */
    					optarg = argv[optind++];
    				nextchar = NULL;
    			}
    		}
    		return c;
    	}
    }
    
    int
    getopt(argc, argv, optstring)
    int argc;
    char *const *argv;
    const char *optstring;
    {
    	return _getopt_internal(argc, argv, optstring,
    		(const struct option *) 0,
    		(int *)0,
    		0);
    }
    
    
    
    
    int
    getopt_long(int argc, char *const *argv, const char *options,
    const struct option *long_options, int *opt_index)
    {
    	return _getopt_internal(argc, argv, options, long_options, opt_index, 0, 0);
    }
    
    int
    getopt_long_only(int argc, char *const *argv, const char *options,
    const struct option *long_options, int *opt_index)
    {
    	return _getopt_internal(argc, argv, options, long_options, opt_index, 1, 0);
    }
    #endif	/* Not ELIDE_CODE.  */

Test getopt

#include <stdio.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include "getopt.h"
    int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    {
        int opt;
        char *string = "a::b:c:d";
        while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, string))!= -1)
        {  
            printf("opt = %c\t\t", opt);
            printf("optarg = %s\t\t",optarg);
            printf("optind = %d\t\t",optind);
            printf("argv[optind] = %s\n",argv[optind]);
        }  
    }

Build and run

getopt.exe -a100 -b

Test getopt\_long

#include <stdio.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include "getopt.h"
    
    static const char *help_str[] = {
        "options:\n",
        "--reset         reset card   \n",
        "--importkey     improt key pair    eg: --importkey \n",
        "--system        load system        eg: --system 123456\n",
        "--user          bind user          eg: --user 123456\n",
        0
    };
    
    enum cmd_type{
        reset = 1,
        importkey,
        system,
        user,
        help
    };
    
    static struct option lopts[] = {
    { "reset",			no_argument,		0, reset },
    { "importkey",   no_argument,        0, importkey },
    { "system",		required_argument,	0, system },
    { "user",		required_argument,	0, user },
    { "help",			no_argument,		0, help},
    { 0, 0, 0, 100 }
    };
    
    static void print_usage()
    {
        int i = 0;
        for( i = 0; help_str[i]; i++ )
            fputs( help_str[i], stdout );
    }
    
    static void parse_opts(int argc, char *argv[])
    {
        char *arg = NULL;
        int c = 0;
        int opt_index = -1;
    
    	printf ("%s[%d] \n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
        while ((c = getopt_long( argc, argv, "h", lopts, &opt_index)) != -1) {
    		printf ("%s[%d] \n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    
            switch (c) {
            case reset: 
    			fputs( help_str[c], stdout );
                break;
    
            case system:
    			fputs( help_str[c], stdout );
    			break;
    
            case user:
    			fputs( help_str[c], stdout );
    			break;
    
            case importkey: 
    			fputs( help_str[c], stdout );
                break;
    
            case help: {
                print_usage();
                break;
            }
            default:
                print_usage();
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    
    int main (int argc, char *argv[])
    {
    
    	printf ("%s[%d] \n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
        parse_opts (argc, argv);
    	printf ("%s[%d] \n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    
        return 0;
    }

Build and run

getopt\_long.exe -reset --importkey --system 123456

源码和测试程序也可以[点击这里][Link 1]

**如果觉得写得不错，烦请微信搜索公众号 "郑州行疆户外" 了解程序员的户外业余喜好。**

![2020102921582474.jpg][]

[Link 1]: https://download.csdn.net/download/hpu11/11193112
[2020102921582474.jpg]: /images/20220129/f58ffed91b7e4599a77a03317ba3a878.png