Linux下判断网卡类型

心已赠人 2022-01-26 13:29 540阅读 0赞

# 通过shell来看： #

cat /sys/class/net/eth0/type
    
    1

与附表比对，查看设备下的网卡可以通过筛选类型值来判断网卡类型为 `Ethernet`  
可以用`ls /sys/class/net/` 查看所有网络接口  
*注意* 无线网卡`Managed`和`Master`模式也是`Ethernet`值，当是`Monitor`模式时值才为802或803，若要区分无线网卡则可以在`/sys/class/net/${ifname}/`下面找`phy80211`或者`wireless`文件夹，无线网卡目录下才存在这些文件夹

# 通过C函数来查看： #

#include <stdio.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <unistd.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <sys/ioctl.h>
    #include <sys/socket.h>
    #include <netpacket/packet.h>
    #include <net/ethernet.h>
    #include <net/if.h>
    #include <arpa/inet.h>
    #include <err.h>
    
    int device_get_hwinfo(int fd, char* ifname)
    { 
        struct ifreq ifr;
    
        memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
        strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, ifname, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
    
        if (ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFHWADDR, &ifr) < 0)
        { 
            err(1, "Could not get arptype");
            return -1;
        }
        return ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_family; //this value
    }
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[])
    { 
        int fd, if_type = -1;
        char *if_name = "eth0";
    
        fd = socket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(ETH_P_ALL));
        if (fd < 0) { 
            printf("Could not create packet socket! Please run horst as root!\n");
            return -1;
        }
    
        if_type = device_get_hwinfo(fd, if_name);
        printf("%s type is %d\n", if_name, if_type);
    
        return 0;
    }

得到网卡列表：

#include <net/if.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <unistd.h>
    #include <string.h>
    
    int get_if_name(char ifstr[][32])
    { 
        struct if_nameindex *if_ni, *i;
        int num = 0;
    
        if_ni = if_nameindex();
        if (if_ni == NULL) { 
           perror("if_nameindex");
           exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
    
        for (i = if_ni; ! (i->if_index == 0 && i->if_name == NULL); i++)
        { 
            if(strstr(i->if_name,"eth") != NULL)	//比较网卡名得到有线网卡，不可靠，得到全部就注释掉此行
            { 
                strcpy(ifstr[num], i->if_name);
                ++num;
            }
            else
                printf("%u: %s\n", i->if_index, i->if_name);
        }
        if_freenameindex(if_ni);
        return num;
    }
    
    /** * 通过interface name 调用iocontrol查询网卡是否是无线网卡，执行该程序需要引用wireless.h, * 如果编译时报错 删除其中的"__user" 或者 直接定义为空，这是内核中用到的用户空间属性 */
    
    int if_is_wlif(const char * ifname)
    { 
        int skfd, ret = 0;
        struct iwreq    wrq;
    
        /* Set device name */
        strncpy(wrq.ifr_name, ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
      
        skfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
        if(skfd < 0)
            return ret;
        
        /* Get wireless name */
        ret = ioctl(skfd, SIOCGIWNAME, &wrq);
        close(skfd);
        
        /* If no wireless name : no wireless extensions */
        if(ret < 0)
            return 0;
        else 
            return 1;
    }
    
    
    int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    { 
        char ifname[10][32];
        int num, i;
    
        num = get_if_name(ifname);
        printf("wlan num %d\n", num);
    
        for( i=0; i<num; ++i)
        { 
            printf("wlan if name %s\n", ifname[i]);
        }
    /* 注释部分 直接打印出网卡列表未存储到变量中 struct if_nameindex *if_ni, *i; if_ni = if_nameindex(); if (if_ni == NULL) { perror("if_nameindex"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } for (i = if_ni; ! (i->if_index == 0 && i->if_name == NULL); i++) printf("%u: %s\n", i->if_index, i->if_name); if_freenameindex(if_ni); */
        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
    }

## 附表：[设备类型值][Link 1] ##

/* ARP protocol HARDWARE identifiers. */
    #define ARPHRD_NETROM	0		/* from KA9Q: NET/ROM pseudo	*/
    #define ARPHRD_ETHER 	1		/* Ethernet 10Mbps		*/
    #define	ARPHRD_EETHER	2		/* Experimental Ethernet	*/
    #define	ARPHRD_AX25	3		/* AX.25 Level 2		*/
    #define	ARPHRD_PRONET	4		/* PROnet token ring		*/
    #define	ARPHRD_CHAOS	5		/* Chaosnet			*/
    #define	ARPHRD_IEEE802	6		/* IEEE 802.2 Ethernet/TR/TB	*/
    #define	ARPHRD_ARCNET	7		/* ARCnet			*/
    #define	ARPHRD_APPLETLK	8		/* APPLEtalk			*/
    #define ARPHRD_DLCI	15		/* Frame Relay DLCI		*/
    #define ARPHRD_ATM	19		/* ATM 				*/
    #define ARPHRD_METRICOM	23		/* Metricom STRIP (new IANA id)	*/
    #define	ARPHRD_IEEE1394	24		/* IEEE 1394 IPv4 - RFC 2734	*/
    #define ARPHRD_EUI64	27		/* EUI-64                       */
    #define ARPHRD_INFINIBAND 32		/* InfiniBand			*/
    
    /* Dummy types for non ARP hardware */
    #define ARPHRD_SLIP	256
    #define ARPHRD_CSLIP	257
    #define ARPHRD_SLIP6	258
    #define ARPHRD_CSLIP6	259
    #define ARPHRD_RSRVD	260		/* Notional KISS type 		*/
    #define ARPHRD_ADAPT	264
    #define ARPHRD_ROSE	270
    #define ARPHRD_X25	271		/* CCITT X.25			*/
    #define ARPHRD_HWX25	272		/* Boards with X.25 in firmware	*/
    #define ARPHRD_CAN	280		/* Controller Area Network      */
    #define ARPHRD_PPP	512
    #define ARPHRD_CISCO	513		/* Cisco HDLC	 		*/
    #define ARPHRD_HDLC	ARPHRD_CISCO
    #define ARPHRD_LAPB	516		/* LAPB				*/
    #define ARPHRD_DDCMP    517		/* Digital's DDCMP protocol     */
    #define ARPHRD_RAWHDLC	518		/* Raw HDLC			*/
    
    #define ARPHRD_TUNNEL	768		/* IPIP tunnel			*/
    #define ARPHRD_TUNNEL6	769		/* IP6IP6 tunnel       		*/
    #define ARPHRD_FRAD	770             /* Frame Relay Access Device    */
    #define ARPHRD_SKIP	771		/* SKIP vif			*/
    #define ARPHRD_LOOPBACK	772		/* Loopback device		*/
    #define ARPHRD_LOCALTLK 773		/* Localtalk device		*/
    #define ARPHRD_FDDI	774		/* Fiber Distributed Data Interface */
    #define ARPHRD_BIF      775             /* AP1000 BIF                   */
    #define ARPHRD_SIT	776		/* sit0 device - IPv6-in-IPv4	*/
    #define ARPHRD_IPDDP	777		/* IP over DDP tunneller	*/
    #define ARPHRD_IPGRE	778		/* GRE over IP			*/
    #define ARPHRD_PIMREG	779		/* PIMSM register interface	*/
    #define ARPHRD_HIPPI	780		/* High Performance Parallel Interface */
    #define ARPHRD_ASH	781		/* Nexus 64Mbps Ash		*/
    #define ARPHRD_ECONET	782		/* Acorn Econet			*/
    #define ARPHRD_IRDA 	783		/* Linux-IrDA			*/
    /* ARP works differently on different FC media .. so  */
    #define ARPHRD_FCPP	784		/* Point to point fibrechannel	*/
    #define ARPHRD_FCAL	785		/* Fibrechannel arbitrated loop */
    #define ARPHRD_FCPL	786		/* Fibrechannel public loop	*/
    #define ARPHRD_FCFABRIC	787		/* Fibrechannel fabric		*/
    	/* 787->799 reserved for fibrechannel media types */
    #define ARPHRD_IEEE802_TR 800		/* Magic type ident for TR	*/
    #define ARPHRD_IEEE80211 801		/* IEEE 802.11			*/
    #define ARPHRD_IEEE80211_PRISM 802	/* IEEE 802.11 + Prism2 header  */
    #define ARPHRD_IEEE80211_RADIOTAP 803	/* IEEE 802.11 + radiotap header */
    #define ARPHRD_IEEE802154	  804
    
    #define ARPHRD_PHONET	820		/* PhoNet media type		*/
    #define ARPHRD_PHONET_PIPE 821		/* PhoNet pipe header		*/
    #define ARPHRD_CAIF	822		/* CAIF media type		*/
    
    #define ARPHRD_VOID	  0xFFFF	/* Void type, nothing is known */
    #define ARPHRD_NONE	  0xFFFE	/* zero header length */
    
    /* ARP protocol opcodes. */
    #define	ARPOP_REQUEST	1		/* ARP request			*/
    #define	ARPOP_REPLY	2		/* ARP reply			*/
    #define	ARPOP_RREQUEST	3		/* RARP request			*/
    #define	ARPOP_RREPLY	4		/* RARP reply			*/
    #define	ARPOP_InREQUEST	8		/* InARP request		*/
    #define	ARPOP_InREPLY	9		/* InARP reply			*/
    #define	ARPOP_NAK	10		/* (ATM)ARP NAK			*/

[Link 1]: http://lxr.linux.no/linux+v3.0/include/linux/if_arp.h#L36