Nginx——Linux上搭建Nginx并完成负载均衡的小demo

深碍√TFBOYSˉ_ 2022-01-26 00:27 110阅读 0赞

在服务器上搭建了一个Nginx，做个笔记。

没有相关包的可以在官网下载Nginx：[http://nginx.org/en/download.html][http_nginx.org_en_download.html]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1NlYXJjaGluX1I_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

具体下载那一版，看自己的需求。我下载的稳定版。

接下来，连接到自己的服务器。我这里是阿里云的服务器，所以用x-shell远程连接。

以此键入一下命令，安装相关依赖包。

yum install -y wget  
    yum install -y vim-enhanced  
    yum install -y make cmake gcc gcc-c++  
    
    yum install -y pcre pcre-devel
    yum install -y zlib zlib-devel
    yum install -y openssl openssl-devel

操作结果如下：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1NlYXJjaGluX1I_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1NlYXJjaGluX1I_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

其他命令的图就不放了，依次执行就好了。

接下来就是将下载到的Nginx包上传到服务器上面。具体怎么上传就不说了。可以参考这边文章：[Linux——x-shell上传文件到Linux和下载文件到本地][Linux_x-shell_Linux]。

要是不确定自己有没有这个工具，那就用下面这句命令验证一下：

#rpm -qa |grep lrzsz

如果有了，那就是下面这样。

![20190527173227477.png][]

欧克，上传了之后就对其进行解压缩。

# tar -zxvf nginx-1.10.2.tar.gz

如下

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1NlYXJjaGluX1I_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

接下来进行configure配置

[root@xiniu nginx]# cd nginx-1.16.0
    [root@xiniu nginx-1.16.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx

如下，打印的信息比较多，我就不全贴出来了。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1NlYXJjaGluX1I_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

配置完之后，我们就来**编译安装。**

执行
    # make && make install

![20190527174620223.png][]

现在**检查nginx是否已经正常启动，在nginx/sbin/nginx目录下，键入 ps -ef | grep nginx，看到如下信息说明正常启动**

[root@iz2ze95j380ruhueghgl6gz nginx-1.16.0]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
    [root@iz2ze95j380ruhueghgl6gz nginx-1.16.0]# ps -ef | grep nginx
    root      1345     1  0 17:48 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
    nobody    1346  1345  0 17:48 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
    root      1348 31084  0 17:48 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx

欧克。现在基本上就已经完成了Nginx的搭建，我们用服务器IP+端口来测试一下（**默认的80端口**）来测试一下。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1NlYXJjaGluX1I_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

ok，配置成功。

不过这都只是一些基础配置，如果想要去更改Nginx的配置，在nginx目录下进入conf目录，该目录下有个nginx.conf文件，这是nginx最重要的配置文件。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1NlYXJjaGluX1I_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

配置文件如下:

#user  nobody;  
    
    #开启进程数 <=CPU数   
    worker_processes  1;  
    
    #错误日志保存位置  
    #error_log  logs/error.log;  
    #error_log  logs/error.log  notice;  
    #error_log  logs/error.log  info;  
    
    #进程号保存文件  
    #pid        logs/nginx.pid;  
    
    #每个进程最大连接数（最大连接=连接数x进程数）每个worker允许同时产生多少个链接，默认1024  
    events {  
        worker_connections  1024;  
    }  
    
    
    http {  
        #文件扩展名与文件类型映射表  
        include       mime.types;  
        #默认文件类型  
        default_type  application/octet-stream;  
    
        #日志文件输出格式 这个位置相于全局设置  
        #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '  
        #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '  
        #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';  
    
        #请求日志保存位置  
        #access_log  logs/access.log  main;  
    
        #打开发送文件  
        sendfile        on;  
        #tcp_nopush     on;  
    
        #keepalive_timeout  0;  
        #连接超时时间  
        keepalive_timeout  65;  
    
        #打开gzip压缩  
        #gzip  on;  
    
        server {  
            #监听端口，默认是80端口  
            listen       80;  
            #监听域名  
            server_name  localhost;  
    
            #charset koi8-r;  
    
            #nginx访问日志放在logs/host.access.log下，并且使用main格式（还可以自定义格式）  
            #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;  
    
            #如果没有location更明确的匹配访问路径的话，访问请求都会被该location处理。  
            location / {  
                #root指定nginx的根目录为/usr/local/nginx/html  
                root   html;  
                #默认访问文件，欢迎页先去html目录下找index.html，如果找不到再去找index.htm  
                index  index.html index.htm;  
            }  
    
            #error_page  404              /404.html;  
            # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html  
            #  
    
            #错误页面及其返回地址，错误码为500、502、503、504都会返回50.html错误页面。  
            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;  
            #location后面是"="的话，说明是精确匹配  
            location = /50x.html {  
                root   html;  
            }  
    
            # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80  
            #  
            #location ~ \.php$ {  
            #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;  
            #}  
    
            # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000  
            #  
            #location ~ \.php$ {  
            #    root           html;  
            #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;  
            #    fastcgi_index  index.php;  
            #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;  
            #    include        fastcgi_params;  
            #}  
    
            # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root  
            # concurs with nginx's one  
            #  
            #location ~ /\.ht {  
            #    deny  all;  
            #}  
        }  
    
    
        # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration  
        #  
        #server {  
        #    listen       8000;  
        #    listen       somename:8080;  
        #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;  
    
        #    location / {  
        #        root   html;  
        #        index  index.html index.htm;  
        #    }  
        #}  
    
    
        # HTTPS server  
        #  
        #server {  
        #    listen       443 ssl;  
        #    server_name  localhost;  
    
        #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;  
        #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;  
    
        #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;  
        #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;  
    
        #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;  
        #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;  
    
        #    location / {  
        #        root   html;  
        #        index  index.html index.htm;  
        #    }  
        #}  
    
    }

至于如何使用Nginx去映射别的地址，我这里引用一位博主的例子。

**测试配置 ：当访问www.test.com：7080，实际访问127.0.0.1:8090**

#user  nobody;
    worker_processes  1;
    
    #error_log  logs/error.log;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  info;
    
    #pid        logs/nginx.pid;
    
    
    events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
    
    
    http {
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
        #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
        #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
        #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    
        #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
    
        sendfile        on;
        #tcp_nopush     on;
    
        #keepalive_timeout  0;
        keepalive_timeout  65;
    
        server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
    
        client_max_body_size 8m;
    
        client_header_buffer_size 32k;
    
        large_client_header_buffers 4 64k;
    
        #sendfile        on;
    
        tcp_nopush on;
        tcp_nodelay on;
    
    
       # keepalive_timeout 60;
    
        client_header_timeout 10;
    
        client_body_timeout 10;
    
        send_timeout 10;
    
    
        fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
        fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
        fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
        fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
        fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
        fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
        fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
    
    
        gzip on; 
        gzip_min_length 1k; 
    
        gzip_buffers 4 16k;
    
        gzip_http_version 1.0;
    
        gzip_comp_level 2;
    
        gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
    
        gzip_vary on;
    
        #gzip  on;
    
        upstream test{
                server 127.0.0.1:8080;
           }
    
        #访问：www.test.com：7080
        server {
            listen       7080;
            server_name  www.test.com;
    
    
        #映射：127.0.0.1:8090
            location / {
                proxy_pass http://test;
            }
    
            #error_page  404              /404.html;
    
            # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
            #
            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
                root   html;
            }
    
    
    
    
        }
    
    
    
    
    
    
    }

而负载配置如下（这里对IP进行hash，从而分发到不同的服务器）：

upstream oms_server {
            ip_hash;
            server 172.16.x.x;
            server 172.16.x.x;
            server 172.16.x.x;
            }
    
        server {
            listen       80;
            server_name  www.xxx.com;
    
            #charset koi8-r;
    
            #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
    
            location / {
                proxy_pass  http://oms_server;
                proxy_redirect     off;
                proxy_set_header   Host             $host;
                proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
                proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
                proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;
                proxy_max_temp_file_size 0;
                proxy_connect_timeout      90;
                proxy_send_timeout         90;
                proxy_read_timeout         90;
                proxy_buffer_size          4k;
                proxy_buffers              4 32k;
                proxy_busy_buffers_size    64k;
                proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
            }
    
            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
                root   html;
            }
    
    }

[http_nginx.org_en_download.html]: http://nginx.org/en/download.html
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1NlYXJjaGluX1I_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220126/23f8655a5e444937b202445450e2953e.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1NlYXJjaGluX1I_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20220126/1828cd2dcab144aeb72b66ffd5d170f4.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1NlYXJjaGluX1I_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20220126/d97748cd854e41858c74f4d4e7df9b21.png
[Linux_x-shell_Linux]: https://blog.csdn.net/Searchin_R/article/details/83623390
[20190527173227477.png]: /images/20220126/b77f7c2a630e4c91944d82d2981fe09b.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1NlYXJjaGluX1I_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: /images/20220126/bfb92e9b5d0e4b78b30f1eb9a5fe27c0.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1NlYXJjaGluX1I_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: /images/20220126/ca11b3cbc0bb41db880fa73140fa6cfd.png
[20190527174620223.png]: /images/20220126/aca7cf5f3ecd495eac64d552eba57079.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1NlYXJjaGluX1I_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]: /images/20220126/5c76ef0a282843f4b12a51f1c2dc4299.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1NlYXJjaGluX1I_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]: /images/20220126/25329918bc324a1b88280fc2c554d33a.png