6.python学习笔记——数学函数

爱被打了一巴掌 2022-01-20 03:33 246阅读 0赞

> ## 数学函数 ##

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th>返回值 ( 描述 )</th> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-abs.html" rel="nofollow">abs(x)</a></td> 
   <td>返回数字的绝对值，如abs(-10) 返回 10</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-ceil.html" rel="nofollow">ceil(x)</a></td> 
   <td>返回数字的上入整数，如math.ceil(4.1) 返回 5</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td> <p>cmp(x, y)</p> </td> 
   <td>如果 x &lt; y 返回 -1, 如果 x == y 返回 0, 如果 x &gt; y 返回 1。&nbsp;<strong>Python 3 已废弃，使用 (x&gt;y)-(x&lt;y) 替换</strong>。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-exp.html" rel="nofollow">exp(x)</a></td> 
   <td>返回e的x次幂(ex),如math.exp(1) 返回2.718281828459045</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-fabs.html" rel="nofollow">fabs(x)</a></td> 
   <td>返回数字的绝对值，如math.fabs(-10) 返回10.0</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-floor.html" rel="nofollow">floor(x)</a></td> 
   <td>返回数字的下舍整数，如math.floor(4.9)返回 4</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-log.html" rel="nofollow">log(x)</a></td> 
   <td>如math.log(math.e)返回1.0,math.log(100,10)返回2.0</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-log10.html" rel="nofollow">log10(x)</a></td> 
   <td>返回以10为基数的x的对数，如math.log10(100)返回 2.0</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-max.html" rel="nofollow">max(x1, x2,...)</a></td> 
   <td>返回给定参数的最大值，参数可以为序列。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-min.html" rel="nofollow">min(x1, x2,...)</a></td> 
   <td>返回给定参数的最小值，参数可以为序列。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-modf.html" rel="nofollow">modf(x)</a></td> 
   <td>返回x的整数部分与小数部分，两部分的数值符号与x相同，整数部分以浮点型表示。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-pow.html" rel="nofollow">pow(x, y)</a></td> 
   <td>x**y 运算后的值。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-round.html" rel="nofollow">round(x [,n])</a></td> 
   <td>返回浮点数x的四舍五入值，如给出n值，则代表舍入到小数点后的位数。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-sqrt.html" rel="nofollow">sqrt(x)</a></td> 
   <td>返回数字x的平方根。</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

> #  随机数函数 #
> 
> 随机数可以用于数学，游戏，安全等领域中，还经常被嵌入到算法中，用以提高算法效率，并提高程序的安全性。
> 
> Python包含以下常用随机数函数：

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th>描述</th> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-choice.html" rel="nofollow">choice(seq)</a></td> 
   <td>从序列的元素中随机挑选一个元素，比如random.choice(range(10))，从0到9中随机挑选一个整数。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-randrange.html" rel="nofollow">randrange ([start,] stop [,step])</a></td> 
   <td>从指定范围内，按指定基数递增的集合中获取一个随机数，基数缺省值为1</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-random.html" rel="nofollow">random()</a></td> 
   <td>随机生成下一个实数，它在[0,1)范围内。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-seed.html" rel="nofollow">seed([x])</a></td> 
   <td>改变随机数生成器的种子seed。如果你不了解其原理，你不必特别去设定seed，Python会帮你选择seed。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-shuffle.html" rel="nofollow">shuffle(lst)</a></td> 
   <td>将序列的所有元素随机排序</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-uniform.html" rel="nofollow">uniform(x, y)</a></td> 
   <td>随机生成下一个实数，它在[x,y]范围内。</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

> #  三角函数 #
> 
> Python包括以下三角函数：

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <th>函数</th> 
   <th>描述</th> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-acos.html" rel="nofollow">acos(x)</a></td> 
   <td>返回x的反余弦弧度值。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-asin.html" rel="nofollow">asin(x)</a></td> 
   <td>返回x的反正弦弧度值。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-atan.html" rel="nofollow">atan(x)</a></td> 
   <td>返回x的反正切弧度值。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-atan2.html" rel="nofollow">atan2(y, x)</a></td> 
   <td>返回给定的 X 及 Y 坐标值的反正切值。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-cos.html" rel="nofollow">cos(x)</a></td> 
   <td>返回x的弧度的余弦值。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-hypot.html" rel="nofollow">hypot(x, y)</a></td> 
   <td>返回欧几里德范数 sqrt(x*x + y*y)。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-sin.html" rel="nofollow">sin(x)</a></td> 
   <td>返回的x弧度的正弦值。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-tan.html" rel="nofollow">tan(x)</a></td> 
   <td>返回x弧度的正切值。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-degrees.html" rel="nofollow">degrees(x)</a></td> 
   <td>将弧度转换为角度,如degrees(math.pi/2) ， 返回90.0</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-func-number-radians.html" rel="nofollow">radians(x)</a></td> 
   <td>将角度转换为弧度</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>