SpringMVC实现发送邮件

逃离我推掉我的手 2022-01-07 07:15 321阅读 0赞

## 正文 ##

今天来试着用SpringMVC发送邮件，主要需要依赖以下两个包；

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    
    
    <dependency>
    <groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
    <artifactId>mail</artifactId>
    <version>1.4.5</version>
    </dependency>

spring-mail.xml配置文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd">
    
    
       <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:config/email.properties" ignore-unresolvable="true"/>
    
      
       
       <bean id="javaMailSender" class="org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl">
           <property name="protocol" value="${email.protocol}"/>
           <property name="host" value="${email.host}"/>
           <property name="port" value="${email.port}"/>
           <property name="username" value="${email.username}"/>
           <property name="password" value="${email.password}"/>
           <property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8"></property>
           <property name="javaMailProperties">
               <props>
                   <prop key="mail.auth">${email.auth}</prop>
                   <prop key="mail.smtp.timeout">${email.timout}</prop>
               </props>
           </property>
    
       </bean>
    
       <bean id="simpleMailMessage" class="org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage">
           
           <property name="from" value="${email.username}" />
            
           <property name="to" value="${email.default.to}" />
           
           <property name="subject" value="${email.default.subject}" />
           
           <property name="text">
             <value>${email.default.text}</value>
           </property>
       </bean>
    
       <bean id="emailService" class="com.website.service.impl.EmailServiceImpl">
           <property name="javaMailSender" ref="javaMailSender"/>
           <property name="simpleMailMessage" ref="simpleMailMessage"/>
       </bean>
    </beans>

这里加载了发送邮件相关的配置文件email.properties：

email.protocol=smtp
    email.host=smtp.163.com
    email.port=25
    email.username=132312312@163.com
    email.password=yourpassword
    email.default.to=123121@126.com
    email.default.subject=Hello
    email.default.text=how are you
    email.auth=true
    email.timout=25000

发送简单邮件代码：

public class EmailServiceImpl implements EmailService { 
    
       private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EmailServiceImpl.class);
    
       private JavaMailSender javaMailSender;
    
       private SimpleMailMessage simpleMailMessage;
    
       /** * @方法名: sendMailSimple * @参数名：@param subject 邮件主题 * @参数名：@param content 邮件内容 * @参数名：@param to 收件人Email地址 * @描述语: 发送邮件 */
       @Override
       public void sendMailSimple(String to, String subject, String content) throws Exception { 
    
           try { 
               //用于接收邮件的邮箱
               simpleMailMessage.setTo(to);
               //邮件的主题
               simpleMailMessage.setSubject(subject);
               //邮件的正文，第二个boolean类型的参数代表html格式
               simpleMailMessage.setText(content);
    
               LOGGER.info("---------------------------{}", simpleMailMessage);
               //发送
               javaMailSender.send(simpleMailMessage);
    
           } catch (Exception e) { 
               throw new MessagingException("failed to send mail!", e);
           }
       }
    
       public void setJavaMailSender(JavaMailSender javaMailSender) { 
           this.javaMailSender = javaMailSender;
       }
    
       public void setSimpleMailMessage(SimpleMailMessage simpleMailMessage) { 
           this.simpleMailMessage = simpleMailMessage;
       }
    }

跑单元测试的时候报：Could not resolve placeholder异常，不可以解析email.protocol

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: Invalid bean definition with name 'javaMailSender' defined in class path resource [config/spring-mail.xml]: Could not resolve placeholder 'email.protocol' in value "${email.protocol}"; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Could not resolve placeholder 'email.protocol' in value "${email.protocol}"

可能的原因：

1、location中的属性文件配置错误；

2、location中定义的配置文件里面没有对应的placeholder值；

3、Spring容器的配置问题，很有可能是使用了多个PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer或者多个context:property-placeholder的原因。

排查以后发现，

applicationContext.xml和spring-mail.xml两个文件都使用了context:property-placeholder，前者加载数据库连接配置，后者加载发送邮件相关配置。

<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:config/db.properties"/>

<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:config/email.properties"/>

这个是Spring容器采用反射扫描的发现机制决定的，在Spring 3.0中，可以加ignore-unresolvable="true"解决。

<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:config/db.properties" ignore-unresolvable="true"/>

<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:config/email.properties" ignore-unresolvable="true"/>

**注意**：必须两个都要加，加一个也不行。

在Spring 2.5中，context:property-placeholder没有ignore-unresolvable属性，此时可以改用PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer。其实<context:property-placeholder location=“xxx.properties” ignore-unresolvable=“true” />与下面的配置是等价的。

修改以后，测试用类运行成功：

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9saWFiaW8uYmxvZy5jc2RuLm5ldA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

发送邮件成功：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9saWFiaW8uYmxvZy5jc2RuLm5ldA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

其实发送邮件还可以用JavaMail实现，需要依赖两个包：

activation-1.1.jar

mail-1.4.2.jar

--------------------

# 作者简洁 #

> 作者：小碗汤，一位热爱、认真写作的小伙，目前维护原创公众号：『我的小碗汤』，专注于写golang、docker、kubernetes等知识等提升硬实力的文章，期待你的关注。 转载说明：务必注明来源（注明：来源于公众号：我的小碗汤， 作者：小碗汤）

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9saWFiaW8uYmxvZy5jc2RuLm5ldA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20211227/c89fff00374d45a993bbb3c2adb0fffb.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9saWFiaW8uYmxvZy5jc2RuLm5ldA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20211227/cce03cffad644ec09eff3ac2d10a0f73.png