关于刚安装的新系统的一些设置

喜欢ヅ旅行 2022-01-05 17:34 168阅读 0赞

刚装的新系统需要调整一些配置才能更好的工作，下面纪录一些常见的配置

环境debian9.8

# 1. 设置 允许root用户ssh远程登录 #

sudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config

调整`PermitRootLogin`参数值为`yes`

重启sshd服务生效

systemctl restart sshd.service

# 2. 设置软件源 #

打开文件

vi /etc/apt/sources.list

初始内容如下

#
    
    # deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 9.8.0 _Stretch_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1 20190216-11:59]/ stretch contrib main
    
    deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 9.8.0 _Stretch_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1 20190216-11:59]/ stretch contrib main
    
    deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ stretch main
    deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ stretch main
    
    deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates main contrib
    deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates main contrib
    
    # stretch-updates, previously known as 'volatile'
    deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib
    deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib

先将`deb cdrom:`开头的一行去掉，保存

运行update

apt update

也可以添加其他软件源，如阿里云

将`/etc/apt/sources.list`文件替换为如下内容

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stretch main contrib non-free
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stretch main contrib non-free
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stretch-updates main contrib non-free
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian stretch-updates main contrib non-free
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security stretch/updates main contrib non-free
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security stretch/updates main contrib non-free

运行`apt update`

# 3. 安装必要的软件 #

## 3.1 安装vim ##

vim是必须要安装的

apt install vim

## 3.2 安装lrzsz ##

xshell配合lrzsz可以很方便的在windows系统和linux系统之间传输小文件

apt install lrzsz

## 3.3 安装tree ##

以树形显示目录结构

apt install tree

## 3.4 安装iotop ##

监控磁盘使用率

apt install iotop

# 4. 修改网卡名称为eth开头 #

vim /etc/default/grub

在`GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX`后面加入`net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0`

部分内容如下：

root@debian:~# cat /etc/default/grub 
    # If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
    # /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
    # For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
    #   info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'
    
    GRUB_DEFAULT=0
    GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
    GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
    GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet"
    GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"

运行下面命令将修改的内容写入boot grub.cfg文件

update-grub

或者

grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

上面修改了网卡名称，那么配置ip的地方也要修改

vim /etc/network/interfaces

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
    # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
    
    source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
    
    # The loopback network interface
    auto lo
    iface lo inet loopback
    
    # The primary network interface
    allow-hotplug ens33
    iface ens33 inet dhcp

将ens33修改为eth0保存

重启系统后，再看到的网卡名称就是eth开头的了

# 5. 修改为静态ip #

最好为每个网卡设置一个独立的配置文件

先将`/etc/network/interfaces`文件中关于eth0的配置注销掉

如添加一个eth0的配置文件

vim /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0.cfg

内容如下

auto eth0
    iface eth0 inet static
    address 192.168.144.200
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    gateway 192.168.144.2

重启生效

注意：  
如果使用

systemctl restart networking.service

或者

/etc/init.d/networking restart

可能会出现双ip的情况

root@debian:~# ip addr
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
        inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:0c:29:8e:a9:f6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 192.168.144.131/24 brd 192.168.144.255 scope global eth0
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet 192.168.144.200/24 brd 192.168.144.255 scope global secondary eth0
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8e:a9f6/64 scope link 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    root@debian:~#

上面有旧的ip 131和新的静态ip 200

# 6. 设置域名服务器 #

vim /etc/resolv.conf

如添加行

nameserver 8.8.8.8

保存退出即生效

# 7. 为ls和grep加入颜色 #

默认`~/.bashrc`文件内容

root@debian:~# cat .bashrc 
    # ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
    
    # Note: PS1 and umask are already set in /etc/profile. You should not
    # need this unless you want different defaults for root.
    # PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\h:\w\$ '
    # umask 022
    
    # You may uncomment the following lines if you want `ls' to be colorized:
    # export LS_OPTIONS='--color=auto'
    # eval "`dircolors`"
    # alias ls='ls $LS_OPTIONS'
    # alias ll='ls $LS_OPTIONS -l'
    # alias l='ls $LS_OPTIONS -lA'
    #
    # Some more alias to avoid making mistakes:
    # alias rm='rm -i'
    # alias cp='cp -i'
    # alias mv='mv -i'
    root@debian:~#

修改为如下

root@debian:~# cat ~/.bashrc 
    # ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
    
    # Note: PS1 and umask are already set in /etc/profile. You should not
    # need this unless you want different defaults for root.
    # PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\h:\w\$ '
    # umask 022
    
    # You may uncomment the following lines if you want `ls' to be colorized:
    export LS_OPTIONS='--color=auto'
    eval "`dircolors`"
    alias ls='ls $LS_OPTIONS'
    alias ll='ls $LS_OPTIONS -l'
    alias l='ls $LS_OPTIONS -lA'
    #
    # Some more alias to avoid making mistakes:
    # alias rm='rm -i'
    # alias cp='cp -i'
    # alias mv='mv -i'
    alias grep='grep --color=auto'
    root@debian:~#

立即生效，运行

. ~/.bashrc

或者退出终端，重新登录，也会生效

# 8. 待添加 #

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/yanhai307/p/10719535.html