OpenStack问题集锦（持续更新中...）

心已赠人 2021-12-22 23:59 641阅读 0赞

如何再添加一个管理员用户  
\# keystone-manage bootstrap --bootstrap-username myadmin --bootstrap-password mypasswd

如何登陆虚拟机的控制台界面：  
1.查看某个实例的url（例如访问前面创建的名为instance-a 的实例）  
$ openstack console url show 5b08017b-00d4-4476-9380-4f5b6165c6d7  
\+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+  
| Field | Value                                                                           |  
\+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+  
| type  | novnc                                                                           |  
| url   | http://controller:6080/vnc\_auto.html?token=6643713d-f4c8-411c-ac9e-2c5b5a419935 |  
\+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+  
（5b08017b-00d4-4476-9380-4f5b6165c6d7 通过openstack server list 查看，是要启动实例的ID）  
2.访问一个实例  
（在浏览器中输入http://controller:6080/vnc\_auto.html?token=6643713d-f4c8-411c-ac9e-2c5b5a419935 就可以访问虚拟机了，前提是controller主机名能被识别，或直接换成ip）

如何设置虚拟机磁盘类型，如ide、virtio  
创建虚拟机时直接传入"disk\_bus": "ide" ：

Action: 'create', calling method: <bound method ServersController.create of <nova.api.openstack.compute.servers.ServersController object at 0x7f1e5c008510>>, body: \{"server": \{"name": "test-1", "imageRef": "", "availability\_zone": "nova", "block\_device\_mapping\_v2": \[\{"disk\_bus": "ide", "source\_type": "image", "boot\_index": "0", "uuid": "907bcb20-7623-446f-b19c-ab135a0ac2d6", "destination\_type": "volume", "volume\_size": 400, "delete\_on\_termination": true, "disk\_name": "test-1-disk1", "device\_name": "vda"\}\], "flavorRef": "8a6558a8-2d36-48d9-bd0d-2fbe1ac25a2e", "max\_count": 1, "interface\_disconnect\_names": \[\], "min\_count": 1, "networks": "none"\}\}

如何设置虚拟机的cpu拓扑  
$ openstack flavor set FLAVOR-NAME \\  
    --property hw:cpu\_sockets=FLAVOR-SOCKETS \\  
    --property hw:cpu\_cores=FLAVOR-CORES \\  
    --property hw:cpu\_threads=FLAVOR-THREADS \\  
    --property hw:cpu\_max\_sockets=FLAVOR-SOCKETS \\  
    --property hw:cpu\_max\_cores=FLAVOR-CORES \\  
    --property hw:cpu\_max\_threads=FLAVOR-THREADS

或者  
$ nova flavor-key m2.nano set hw:cpu\_sockets=3  hw:cpu\_cores=4  hw:cpu\_threads=5

如何设置虚拟机的操作系统类型  
\# openstack image set --property os\_type=windows 950420e3-98ae-454b-b073-9f75b275fcc8  
或者  
\# nova image-meta 950420e3-98ae-454b-b073-9f75b275fcc8 set os\_type=linux

这样在镜像的属性里面就能看到os\_type

如何设置虚拟机磁盘的cache类型  
修改配置文件中的disk\_cachemodes：  
/etc/nova/nova-compute.conf  
\[libvirt\]  
disk\_cachemodes = "network=writeback"

其中network和writeback分别对应虚拟机xml中的type和cache：  
  <devices>  
    <disk type='network' device='disk'>  
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='writeback'/>  
这个配置是不会写入数据库的，每次虚拟机启动时根据这个配置文件动态生成。

如何设置虚拟机cpu类型  
修改配置文件中的cpu\_mode:  
/etc/nova/nova-compute.conf  
\[libvirt\]  
cpu\_mode=none  
这个配置是不会写入数据库的，每次虚拟机启动时根据这个配置文件动态生成。  
如果cpu\_mode=none:  
  <cpu>  
      <topology sockets='1' cores='1' threads='1'/>                             
   </cpu>  
如果cpu\_mode=host-model:  
  <cpu mode='host-model'>  
      <model fallback='allow'/>  
      <topology sockets='1' cores='1' threads='1'/>                             
   </cpu>

如何设置虚拟机cpu的亲和性  
修改/etc/nova/nova.conf  
\[DEFAULT\]  
vcpu\_pin\_set = 0-1  
使用上面的配置后虚拟机的xml文件如下：  
  <vcpu placement='static' cpuset='0-1'>2</vcpu>  
其作用主要是让openstack的虚拟机使用指定的几个物理cpu核，给物理机操作系统适当留下若干物理核，保证物理机的性能。  
说明：另外openstack还可以通过flavor隐式的做虚拟机cpu的绑定，通过做host的aggregate：  
The flavor extra specs will be enhanced to support twonew parameters  
hw:cpu\_policy=shared|dedicated  
hw:cpu\_threads\_policy=avoid|separate|isolate|prefer

如何设置虚拟机的关联组与反关联组  
nova可以通过命令创建一个server group，在server group中的vm可以指定一些policy。  
这些policy包括affinity和anti-affinity。affinity表示尽量把vm都安排到一个host上面，anti-ffinity表示尽量把vm安排到不同的host上面。  
创建server-group的命令：  
nova server-group-create group\_name anti-afffinity

创建vm的时候通过hint指定group名字：  
nova boot --image cirros --flavor m1.small --hint group=group\_name  
这样就能把创建的vm放到某个指定的group里面了

如何更新网络的ip地址池的范围  
neutron subnet-update --allocation-pool start=192.168.105.35,end=192.168.105.39 --allocation-pool start=192.168.105.40,end=192.168.105.49 subnet\_01

如何使用floating ip  
neutron floatingip-create providernet01  
neutron floatingip-associate  fbc76a22-4a2e-43bb-982b-6e42575eebe9 12b50cb3-18c8-4c08-8caf-1203e3183406  
(floating\_id   port\_id)

如何在subnet中创建port  
neutron port-create --fixed-ip subnet\_id=$SUBNET\_ID $NET\_ID

如何控制磁盘qos（cinder）  
一。首先创建一个带限速功能的类型  
\# cinder type-create my-type   
\# cinder qos-create my-qos consumer="front-end" read\_iops\_sec=2000 write\_iops\_sec=1000  
\# cinder qos-associate $QOS\_ID $VOLUME\_TYPE\_ID  
\# cinder qos-get-association $QOS\_ID

二。把创建的类型赋给磁盘  
如果是已经存在的磁盘：  
1.从虚拟机分离磁盘  
2.\# cinder retype $VOLUME\_ID $VOLUME\_TYPE\_ID  
3.给虚拟机挂载磁盘

如果是要新创建磁盘：  
1.\# cinder create --name $VOLUME\_NAME --volume-type $VOLUME\_TYPE\_ID   
2.给虚拟机挂载磁盘  
说明：  
consumer的合法值为front-end、back-end、both。front-end表示使用前端控制(hypervisor控制，会在libvirt xml文件中定义), 而back-end表示使用后端控制(cinder drivers,需要driver支持)，both表示前后端同时进行QoS控制。  
libvirt中disk中配置：  
      <iotune>  
        <read\_iops\_sec>2000</read\_iops\_sec>  
        <write\_iops\_sec>1000</write\_iops\_sec>  
      </iotune>

如何控制磁盘qos（nova）  
\# openstack flavor create  --vcpus 1 --ram 4096 --disk 5 qqq  
\# openstack flavor set qqq --property quota:disk\_read\_bytes\_sec=20480 --property quota:disk\_write\_bytes\_sec=10240  
    <disk type='network' device='disk'>  
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='writeback' discard='unmap'/>  
      <source protocol='rbd' name='images/1a956ba7-25fe-49f1-9513-7adb8928036c'>  
        <host name='192.168.107.50' port='6789'/>  
        <host name='192.168.107.51' port='6789'/>  
        <host name='192.168.107.52' port='6789'/>  
        <host name='192.168.107.53' port='6789'/>  
      </source>  
      <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>  
      <iotune>  
        <read\_bytes\_sec>20480</read\_bytes\_sec>  
        <write\_bytes\_sec>10240</write\_bytes\_sec>  
      </iotune>  
      <boot order='1'/>  
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x0a' function='0x0'/>  
    </disk>  
\# openstack flavor create  --vcpus 1 --ram 4096 --disk 5 qqqq  
\# openstack flavor set qqqq --property quota:disk\_read\_iops\_sec=20480 --property quota:disk\_write\_iops\_sec=10240  
    <disk type='network' device='disk'>  
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='writeback' discard='unmap'/>  
      <source protocol='rbd' name='images/1a956ba7-25fe-49f1-9513-7adb8928036c'>  
        <host name='192.168.107.50' port='6789'/>  
        <host name='192.168.107.51' port='6789'/>  
        <host name='192.168.107.52' port='6789'/>  
        <host name='192.168.107.53' port='6789'/>  
      </source>  
      <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>  
      <iotune>  
        <read\_iops\_sec>20480</read\_iops\_sec>  
        <write\_iops\_sec>10240</write\_iops\_sec>  
      </iotune>  
      <boot order='1'/>  
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x0a' function='0x0'/>  
    </disk>

如何控制网络qos（neutorn）

如何控制网络qos（nova）  
\# openstack flavor create  --vcpus 1 --ram 512 --disk 1 q  
\# openstack flavor set q --property quota:vif\_inbound\_average=2048  --property quota:vif\_outbound\_average=1024  
    <interface type='bridge'>  
      <mac address='fa:16:3e:8f:6a:c9'/>  
      <source bridge='brq5233ef6c-62'/>  
      <bandwidth>  
        <inbound average='2048'/>  
        <outbound average='1024'/>  
      </bandwidth>  
      <target dev='tap9573c869-24'/>  
      <model type='virtio'/>  
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>  
    </interface>

如何在数据库中删除虚拟机  
MariaDB \[nova\]> delete from instance\_actions\_events where action\_id="129";  
MariaDB \[nova\]> delete from instance\_actions\_events where action\_id="138";

MariaDB \[nova\]> delete from instance\_actions where instance\_uuid="67b6044b-bbdc-4120-b2c7-c6faf540da29"; （id和action\_id关联）

MariaDB \[nova\]> delete from block\_device\_mapping where instance\_uuid="67b6044b-bbdc-4120-b2c7-c6faf540da29";

MariaDB \[nova\]> delete from instance\_extra where instance\_uuid="67b6044b-bbdc-4120-b2c7-c6faf540da29";

MariaDB \[nova\]> delete from instance\_info\_caches where instance\_uuid="67b6044b-bbdc-4120-b2c7-c6faf540da29";

MariaDB \[nova\]> delete from instance\_system\_metadata where instance\_uuid="67b6044b-bbdc-4120-b2c7-c6faf540da29";

MariaDB \[nova\]> delete from instances where display\_name="test-1";

快速创建网络脚本  
\#!/bin/bash  
function create\_providernet()  
\{  
    openstack router create router01  
    neutron net-create --shared --router:external=true --provider:physical\_network provider01 --provider:network\_type flat providernet01  
    openstack subnet create --network providernet01 --dns-nameserver 219.146.1.66 --gateway 192.168.5.254 --subnet-range 192.168.5.0/24 --no-dhcp providernet01\_subnet01  
    \#neutron router-gateway-set router01 providernet01  
    neutron router-gateway-set --fixed-ip ip\_address=192.168.5.89 router01 providernet01  
\}

function create\_net()  
\{  
    neutron net-create --shared  --provider:segmentation\_id 188 --provider:physical\_network provider02 --provider:network\_type vlan net01  
    openstack subnet create --network net01 --dns-nameserver 219.146.1.66 --gateway 172.16.1.1 --subnet-range 172.16.1.0/24  net01\_subnet01  
    neutron router-interface-add router01 net01\_subnet01  
\}

function clear\_all()  
\{     
    neutron router-gateway-clear router01  
    neutron router-interface-delete router01 net01\_subnet01  
    neutron router-delete router01

neutron net-delete providernet01  
    neutron net-delete net01  
\}

. admin-openrc  
create\_providernet  
create\_net  
\#clear\_all