利用python爬取贝壳网租房信息

红太狼 2021-12-22 03:45 582阅读 0赞

最近准备换房子，在网站上寻找各种房源信息，看得眼花缭乱，于是想着能否将基本信息汇总起来便于查找，便用python将基本信息爬下来放到excel，这样一来就容易搜索了。

**1. 利用lxml中的xpath提取信息**

xpath是一门在 xml文档中查找信息的语言，xpath可用来在 xml 文档中对元素和属性进行遍历。对比正则表达式 re两者可以完成同样的工作，实现的功能也差不多，但xpath明显比re具有优势。具有如下优点：(1)可在xml中查找信息 ；(2)支持html的查找；(3)通过元素和属性进行导航

**2. 利用xlsxwriter模块将信息保存只excel**

xlsxwriter是操作excel的库，可以帮助我们高效快速的，大批量的，自动化的操作excel。它可以写数据，画图，完成大部分常用的excel操作。缺点是xlsxwriter 只能创建新文件，不可以修改原有文件，如果创建新文件时与原有文件同名，则会覆盖原有文件。

**3. 爬取思路**

观察发现贝壳网租房信息总共是100页，我们可以分每页获取到html代码，然后提取需要的信息保存至字典，将所有页面的信息汇总，最后将字典数据写入excel。

**4. 爬虫源代码**

# @Author: Rainbowhhy
    # @Date  : 19-6-25 下午6:35
    
    
    import requests
    import time
    from lxml import etree
    import xlsxwriter
    
    
    def get_html(page):
        """获取网站html代码"""
        url = "https://bj.zu.ke.com/zufang/pg{}/#contentList".format(page)
        headers = {
            'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.77 Safari/537.36'
        }
        response = requests.get(url, headers=headers).text
        return response
    
    
    def parse_html(htmlcode, data):
        """解析html代码"""
        content = etree.HTML(htmlcode)
        results = content.xpath('///div[@class="content__article"]/div[1]/div')
        for result in results[:]:
            community = result.xpath('./div[1]/p[@class="content__list--item--title twoline"]/a/text()')[0].replace('\n',
                                                                                                                    '').strip().split()[
                0]
            address = "-".join(result.xpath('./div/p[@class="content__list--item--des"]/a/text()'))
            landlord = result.xpath('./div/p[@class="content__list--item--brand oneline"]/text()')[0].replace('\n',
                                                                                                              '').strip() if len(
                result.xpath('./div/p[@class="content__list--item--brand oneline"]/text()')) > 0 else ""
            postime = result.xpath('./div/p[@class="content__list--item--time oneline"]/text()')[0]
            introduction = ",".join(result.xpath('./div/p[@class="content__list--item--bottom oneline"]/i/text()'))
            price = result.xpath('./div/span/em/text()')[0]
            description = "".join(result.xpath('./div/p[2]/text()')).replace('\n', '').replace('-', '').strip().split()
            area = description[0]
            count = len(description)
            if count == 6:
                orientation = description[1] + description[2] + description[3] + description[4]
            elif count == 5:
                orientation = description[1] + description[2] + description[3]
            elif count == 4:
                orientation = description[1] + description[2]
            elif count == 3:
                orientation = description[1]
            else:
                orientation = ""
            pattern = description[-1]
            floor = "".join(result.xpath('./div/p[2]/span/text()')[1].replace('\n', '').strip().split()).strip() if len(
                result.xpath('./div/p[2]/span/text()')) > 1 else ""
            date_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d", time.localtime())
            """数据存入字典"""
            data_dict = {
                "community": community,
                "address": address,
                "landlord": landlord,
                "postime": postime,
                "introduction": introduction,
                "price": '￥' + price,
                "area": area,
                "orientation": orientation,
                "pattern": pattern,
                "floor": floor,
                "date_time": date_time
            }
    
            data.append(data_dict)
    
    
    def excel_storage(response):
        """将字典数据写入excel"""
        workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('./beikeHouse.xlsx')
        worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
        """设置标题加粗"""
        bold_format = workbook.add_format({
        'bold': True})
        worksheet.write('A1', '小区名称', bold_format)
        worksheet.write('B1', '租房地址', bold_format)
        worksheet.write('C1', '房屋来源', bold_format)
        worksheet.write('D1', '发布时间', bold_format)
        worksheet.write('E1', '租房说明', bold_format)
        worksheet.write('F1', '房屋价格', bold_format)
        worksheet.write('G1', '房屋面积', bold_format)
        worksheet.write('H1', '房屋朝向', bold_format)
        worksheet.write('I1', '房屋户型', bold_format)
        worksheet.write('J1', '房屋楼层', bold_format)
        worksheet.write('K1', '查看日期', bold_format)
    
        row = 1
        col = 0
        for item in response:
            worksheet.write_string(row, col, item['community'])
            worksheet.write_string(row, col + 1, item['address'])
            worksheet.write_string(row, col + 2, item['landlord'])
            worksheet.write_string(row, col + 3, item['postime'])
            worksheet.write_string(row, col + 4, item['introduction'])
            worksheet.write_string(row, col + 5, item['price'])
            worksheet.write_string(row, col + 6, item['area'])
            worksheet.write_string(row, col + 7, item['orientation'])
            worksheet.write_string(row, col + 8, item['pattern'])
            worksheet.write_string(row, col + 9, item['floor'])
            worksheet.write_string(row, col + 10, item['date_time'])
            row += 1
        workbook.close()
    
    
    def main():
        all_datas = []
        """网站总共100页，循环100次"""
        for page in range(1, 100):
            html = get_html(page)
            parse_html(html, all_datas)
        excel_storage(all_datas)
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        main()

**5. 信息截图**

**![1450914-20190625230205332-1921987143.png][]**

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/technology178/p/11087251.html

[1450914-20190625230205332-1921987143.png]: /images/20211220/89caa008db844bab89893f46ccb829a3.png