linux下命令行安装oracle 11g数据库

╰+攻爆jí腚メ 2021-12-18 21:21 301阅读 0赞

Centos6命令行安装oracle11g

参考网址

[https://blog.csdn.net/ageeklet/article/details/81603482][https_blog.csdn.net_ageeklet_article_details_81603482]

1、准备：

本次安装的基本环境：vmware中安装centos6.10（虚拟机安装这里就不做介绍了）

注意：系统位数和数据库位数 我现在都是64位的 数据库的版本和系统的版本一定要一致 x64就是64位的

我之前就是系统是32位的 数据库是64位的 安装就报错了

虚拟机要求：内存推荐2G以上 空间推荐50G以上

需要下载Linux版本下对应的oracle安装包：

下载地址：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

或者

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1UcMUDlK-UupS\_ermOnw5bg

提取码：oijw

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N1bnNpamlhMjE5ODM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

上面的那个是11.2.0.4.0 下面的那两个是11.2.0.1.0 里面还有一些依赖包和安装方法 但是下面的这个安装方法是没问题的

对应的oracle版本：

linux.x64\_11gR2\_database\_1of2.zip

linux.x64\_11gR2\_database\_2of2.zip

2、机器基础配置修改

（1）设置系统：Oracle只支持操作系统Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6，故需将/etc/redhat-release中的内容改成Red Hat

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# vi /etc/redhat-release

\#CentOS release 6.10 (Final)

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6

（2）机器信息关闭，selinux，防火墙的不必要的服务

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# cat /etc/selinux/config                         //selinux关闭（disabled）

\# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.

\# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:

\#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.

\#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.

\#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.

SELINUX=disabled

\# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:

\#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,

\#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.

SELINUXTYPE=targeted

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# /etc/init.d/iptables stop                        //防火墙关闭

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# vi /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4

::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

192.168.152.130   Oracle                          //新增行：IP 机器名（这是我的ip和主机名）

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N1bnNpamlhMjE5ODM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

就是这个ip

（3）修改用户的限制文件

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# cat /etc/security/limits.conf                //在该文件内添加以下内容

oracle           soft    nproc           2047

oracle           hard    nproc           16384

oracle           soft    nofile          1024

oracle           hard    nofile          65536

oracle           soft    stack           10240

（4）修改内核参数

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# cat /etc/sysctl.conf //在文件中添加以下内容

net.ipv4.ip\_local\_port\_range= 9000 65500

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 10523004

kernel.shmmax = 6465333657

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100128

net.core.rmem\_default=262144

net.core.wmem\_default=262144

net.core.rmem\_max=4194304

net.core.wmem\_max=1048576

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# sysctl –p // 执行这条语句使配置生效

（5）依赖包安装

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33\*.i686 elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc\*.i686 glibc glibc-devel glibc-devel\*.i686 ksh libgcc\*.i686 libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++\*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel\*.i686 libaio libaio\*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel\*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC\*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel\*.i686 libXp

3、建立用户、组，安装目录

（1）建立用户、组

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# groupadd oinstall

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# groupadd dba

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# groupadd oper

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# id oracle //查看用户所属组

uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),503(oper)

（2）新建安装目录

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# mkdir -p /var/app

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome\_1

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# mkdir -p /home/oracle/backup

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# mkdir -p /home/oracle/oraInventory

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# chown -R oracle:oinstall /var/app

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/backup

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oraInventory

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# chmod -R 775 /var/app

（3）设置并刷新环境变量

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# cat /home/oracle/.bash\_profile //给该文件添加以下内容

umask 022

export ORACLE\_BASE=/var/app

export ORACLE\_HOME=$ORACLE\_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome\_1

export ORACLE\_SID=ora11g

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE\_HOME/bin

export LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH=$ORACLE\_HOME/lib:/usr/lib

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# source /home/oracle/.bash\_profile //执行该句使配置生效

4、安装Oracle

（1）拷贝Oracle安装文件到指定目录

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# cp linux.x64\_11gR2\_database\_\*.zip /var/app/oracle/

（2）切换到oracle用户，解压安装包

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# su - oracle

\[oracle@Oracle ~\]$ cd /var/app/oracle/

\[oracle@Oracle oracle\]$ unzip linux.x64\_11gR2\_database\_1of2.zip

\[oracle@Oracle oracle\]$ unzip linux.x64\_11gR2\_database\_2of2.zip

解压后得到database目录，其中response目录里面有三个rsp文件，用来作为静默安装时应答文件的模板。分别为：

\[oracle@Oracle response\]$ ls -l

total 76

\-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 44960 Aug  8 17:10 dbca.rsp      //安装应答

\-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 22752 Aug  8 14:23 db\_install.rsp      //创建数据库应答

\-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall  5740 Feb 26  2009 netca.rsp //建立监听，本地服务名等网络设置

（5）修改配置文件，安装Oracle数据库

\[oracle@Oracle database\]$ cp /var/app/oracle/database/response/ /home/oracle/           //备份

（6）修改后的静默安装配置文件db\_install.rsp内容如下：

\[root@db response\]\# cat db\_install.rsp | grep -v '^\#' | grep -v '^$'

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt\_dbinstall\_response\_schema\_v11\_2\_0

oracle.install.option=INSTALL\_DB\_SWONLY

ORACLE\_HOSTNAME=db

UNIX\_GROUP\_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY\_LOCATION=/var/app/oracle/oraInventory

SELECTED\_LANGUAGES=en,zh\_CN

ORACLE\_HOME=/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome\_1

ORACLE\_BASE=/var/app/oracle

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false

oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0

oracle.install.db.DBA\_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OPER\_GROUP=oinstall

oracle.install.db.CLUSTER\_NODES=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL\_PURPOSE

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=ora11g

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=ora11g

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1500

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB\_CONTROL

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE\_SYSTEM\_STORAGE

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=

oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=

oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=

MYORACLESUPPORT\_USERNAME=

MYORACLESUPPORT\_PASSWORD=

SECURITY\_UPDATES\_VIA\_MYORACLESUPPORT=

DECLINE\_SECURITY\_UPDATES=true

PROXY\_HOST=

PROXY\_PORT=

PROXY\_USER=

PROXY\_PWD=

（7）开始静默安装

\[oracle@Oracle database\]$ cd /var/app/oracle/database

\[oracle@Oracle database\]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile  /var/app/oracle/database/response/db\_install.rsp

（8）查看安装进度

\[oracle@Oracle database\]$ cd /var/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs

\[oracle@Oracle logs\]$ tail -f installActions\*log

（9）当出现以下信息时

var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome\_1/root.sh

To execute the configuration scripts:

1. Open a terminal window

2. Log in as "root"

3. Run the scripts

4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue

Successfully Setup Software.

打开新的客户端使用root身份执行以下脚本

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome\_1/root.sh

（10）执行完上面的脚本后回到安装界面按下Enter继续。

5、配置Oracle监听

（1）运行监听文件

\[oracle@Oracle ~\]$ cd /var/app/oracle/database/response

\[oracle@Oracle response\]$ netca /silent /responsefile /var/app/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp

运行成功之后，在/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome\_1/network/admin目录下会生成sqlnet.ora和listener.ora两个文件

\[oracle@Oracle admin\]$ ls

listener.ora  samples  shrept.lst  sqlnet.ora  tnsnames.ora

执行以下命令查看监听器是否已经在1521端口上开始工作了

\[root@Oracle ~\]\# netstat -tlnp | grep 1521

tcp        0      0 :::1521                     :::\*                        LISTEN      1792/tnslsnr

如果监听没有启动，则手动启动监听器

\[oracle@Oracle ~\]$ lsnrctl start

（2）配置Oracle数据库

\[oracle@Oracle response\]$ pwd

/var/app/oracle/database/response

\[oracle@Oracle response\]$ vi dbca.rsp

GDBNAME = "orcl11.us.oracle.com"     //78 行 全局数据库的名字=SID+主机域名

SID="ora11g"    //149行 SID

SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"    //190行

SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"   //200行

CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8" //415行 编码

NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8" //425行 编码

（3）创建数据库

\[oracle@Oracle ~\]$  $ORACLE\_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile  /var/app/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

6、启动数据库

进入Oracle SQL命令行

\[oracle@Oracle ~\]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> startup

ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome\_1/dbs/initora11g.ora'

启动时会出现以上错误，解决方法如下：找到init.ora.78201817526文件，将其复制到/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome\_1/dbs目录下

\[oracle@Oracle admin\]$ locate init.ora           //定位寻找目标文件

/var/app/admin/orcl11g/pfile/init.ora.78201817526               //目标文件

/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome\_1/dbs/init.ora

/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome\_1/srvm/admin/init.ora

\[oracle@Oracle admin\]$ cd /var/app/admin/orcl11g/pfile/

\[oracle@Oracle pfile\]$ ls

init.ora.78201817526

\[oracle@Oracle pfile\]$ cp init.ora.78201817526  /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome\_1/dbs/

\[oracle@Oracle dbs\]$ mv init.ora.78201817526 initora11g.ora    //将目标文件改成所需文件名

进入到Oracle SQL命令行中，执行startup

\[oracle@Oracle ~\]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL\*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Aug 10 01:59:43 2018

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> startup                                         //启动数据库实例

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  839282688 bytes

Fixed Size                  2217992 bytes

Variable Size             494929912 bytes

Database Buffers          339738624 bytes

Redo Buffers                2396160 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

\*\*\*\* 参考文章：

https://blog.csdn.net/JIANG123456T/article/details/77745892

[https://blog.csdn.net/zxx2403/article/details/46594597][https_blog.csdn.net_zxx2403_article_details_46594597]

[https_blog.csdn.net_ageeklet_article_details_81603482]: https://blog.csdn.net/ageeklet/article/details/81603482
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[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N1bnNpamlhMjE5ODM_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20211219/464157327aff4d249e80f0a0c90c9549.png
[https_blog.csdn.net_zxx2403_article_details_46594597]: https://blog.csdn.net/zxx2403/article/details/46594597