docker学习2-快速搭建centos7-python3.6环境

￡神魔★判官ぃ 2021-12-13 22:05 211阅读 0赞

# 前言 #

当我们在一台电脑上搭建了python3.6的环境，下次换了个电脑，或者换成linux的系统了，又得重新搭建一次，设置环境变量、下载pip等操作。  
好不容易安装好，一会Scrips目录找不到pip.exe,一会提示pip不是内部或外部命令，一会又提示pip: command not found,想死的心都有了。  
搭建环境成为不少小伙伴学习的障碍，从今天开始学好docker，环境问题从此和你说再见~~~

# search搜索镜像 #

docker search : 从Docker Hub([https://hub.docker.com][https_hub.docker.com])中搜索指定的镜像  
比如我这里搜索一个基于centos7环境安装的python3.6版本

*  NAME 镜像仓库名称
 *  DESCRIPTION 镜像描述信息
 *  STARS 镜像收藏数
 *  OFFICIAL 是否为docker官方发布的镜像
 *  AUTOMATED 是否为自动化构建的镜像

关于自动化构建，可以查看官方文档：[https://docs.docker.com/docker-hub/builds/\#how-automated-builds-work][https_docs.docker.com_docker-hub_builds_how-automated-builds-work]

> docker search python

[root@yoyo ~]# docker search python
    NAME                             DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
    python                           Python is an interpreted, interactive, objec…   4288                [OK]                
    django                           Django is a free web application framework, …   847                 [OK]                
    pypy                             PyPy is a fast, compliant alternative implem…   193                 [OK]                
    kaggle/python                    Docker image for Python scripts run on Kaggle   123                                     [OK]
    arm32v7/python                   Python is an interpreted, interactive, objec…   37                                      
    centos/python-35-centos7         Platform for building and running Python 3.5…   36                                      
    joyzoursky/python-chromedriver   Python with Chromedriver, for running automa…   33                                      [OK]
    circleci/python                  Python is an interpreted, interactive, objec…   29                                      
    nikolaik/python-nodejs           Python with Node.js                             18                                      [OK]
    arm64v8/python                   Python is an interpreted, interactive, objec…   17                                      
    centos/python-36-centos7         Platform for building and running Python 3.6…   17                                      
    centos/python-27-centos7         Platform for building and running Python 2.7…   15                                      
    iron/python                      Tiny Python Microcontainer                      9                                       
    publicisworldwide/python-conda   Basic Python environments with Conda.           6                                       [OK]
    dockershelf/python               Repository for docker images of Python. Test…   4                                       [OK]
    i386/python                      Python is an interpreted, interactive, objec…   3                                       
    bitnami/python                   Bitnami Python Docker Image                     3                                       [OK]
    komand/python-plugin             DEPRECATED: Komand Python SDK                   2                                       [OK]
    centos/python-34-centos7         Platform for building and running Python 3.4…   2                                       
    muccg/python-base                Base images that use python                     1                                       [OK]
    amd64/python                     Python is an interpreted, interactive, objec…   1                                       
    ccitest/python                   CircleCI test images for Python                 0                                       [OK]
    saagie/python                    Repo for python jobs                            0                                       
    qbtrade/python                   python 3.6.5 with requirements last update s…   0                                       
    openshift/python-33-centos7      DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based Python v3.3 imag…   0                                       
    [root@yoyo ~]#

# pull下载镜像 #

上面找的想要下载的镜像`centos/python-36-centos7`,接下来下载到自己本地

> docker pull centos/python-36-centos7

[root@yoyo ~]# docker pull centos/python-36-centos7
    Using default tag: latest
    latest: Pulling from centos/python-36-centos7
    8ba884070f61: Pull complete 
    c3dca185eb14: Pull complete 
    ee720ba20823: Pull complete 
    497ef6ea0fac: Pull complete 
    ebf1fb961f61: Pull complete 
    b8249f70ce00: Pull complete 
    ebd817e2efe7: Pull complete 
    d3d10dd0937c: Pull complete 
    a8ad47ec8182: Pull complete 
    Digest: sha256:d10c46b6db436357965a96716e9f5d230d9b1a58c6db1f0c4f43c1fb1994cd79
    Status: Downloaded newer image for centos/python-36-centos7:latest
    [root@yoyo ~]#

# images本地镜像查看 #

使用docker images查看本地已经下载好的镜像

> docker images

[root@yoyo ~]# docker images
    REPOSITORY                 TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    centos/python-36-centos7   latest              b8d15efaa8ec        2 months ago        651MB
    ubuntu                            15.10               9b9cb95443b5        2 years ago         137MB
    training/webapp               latest              6fae60ef3446        4 years ago         349MB

# 运行交互式的容器 #

Docker会在隔离的容器中运行进程。当运行docker run命令时，Docker会启动一个进程，并为这个进程分配其独占的文件系统、网络资源和以此进程为根进程的进程组。  
在容器启动时，镜像可能已经定义了要运行的二进制文件、暴露的网络端口等，但是用户可以通过docker run命令重新定义  
最基本的docker run命令的格式如下：

> $ sudo docker run \[OPTIONS\] IMAGE\[:TAG\] \[COMMAND\] \[ARG...\]

比如我这里要启动centos7，进入交互模式，通过docker的两个参数 -i -t，让docker运行的容器实现"对话"的能力

*  t: 在新容器内指定一个伪终端或终端。
 *  i: 允许你对容器内的标准输入 (STDIN) 进行交互

> docker run -i -t centos/python-36-centos7 /bin/bash

如下进入centos终端后，进python交互环境打印"hello world! I’m comming!!!",最后用exit退出

[root@yoyo ~]# docker run -i -t centos/python-36-centos7 /bin/bash
    (app-root) python
    Python 3.6.3 (default, Mar 20 2018, 13:50:41) 
    [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux
    Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
    >>> print("hello world! I’m comming!!!")
    hello world! I’m comming!!!
    >>> exit()
    (app-root) exit

# 后台模式启动 #

run加上-i -t是进交互模式，如果不想进交互模式直接执行脚本，可以直接使用run,比如echo "hello world",屏幕会输出"hello world"

> docker run centos/python-36-centos7 /bin/echo "hello world"

如果不想在前台执行，一般我们运行环境会选择挂后台,加个-d 参数即可

> docker run -d centos/python-36-centos7 /bin/echo "hello world"

[root@yoyo ~]# docker run centos/python-36-centos7 /bin/echo "hello world"
    hello world
    [root@yoyo ~]# docker run -d centos/python-36-centos7 /bin/echo "hello world"
    1e5c22451bf2215f6c098e066b74363f1db9cde97e9ecea02947ccbbf2fa7e8f
    [root@yoyo ~]#

使用-d后台执行后，会发现下面多了一长串，这个就是容器的唯一id，可以通过这个id找到容器

# ps查看容器 #

先run下 training/webapp

> docker run -d -p 5000:5000 training/webapp python app.py

使用docker ps查看正在运行的容器

> docker ps

[root@yoyo ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  
    c9e8a325b145        training/webapp     "python app.py"     16 hours ago        Up 16 hours         0.0.0.0:32768->5000/tcp
    [root@yoyo ~]#

上面的echo "hello world"只是一个很简单的输出指令，执行完就关闭了，所以ps查找正在运行的查不到，可以加个-a参数,显示所有的容器，包括未运行的

ps 查找参数相关语法

*  \-a :显示所有的容器，包括未运行的。
 *  \-f :根据条件过滤显示的内容。
 *  \--format :指定返回值的模板文件。
 *  \-l :显示最近创建的容器。
 *  \-n :列出最近创建的n个容器。
 *  \--no-trunc :不截断输出。
 *  \-q :静默模式，只显示容器编号。
 *  \-s :显示总的文件大小。

> docker ps -a

[root@yoyo ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                      COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS                     NAMES
    1e5c22451bf2        centos/python-36-centos7   "container-entrypoin…"   10 minutes ago      Exited (0) 10 minutes ago                             hopeful_poincare
    1d14dd77352f        centos/python-36-centos7   "container-entrypoin…"   12 minutes ago      Exited (0) 12 minutes ago                             nervous_visvesvaraya
    fefdcbb9c662        centos/python-36-centos7   "container-entrypoin…"   13 minutes ago      Exited (0) 13 minutes ago                             quirky_cray
    9df329b5effd        centos/python-36-centos7   "container-entrypoin…"   13 minutes ago      Exited (0) 13 minutes ago                             nifty_roentgen
    c9e8a325b145        training/webapp            "python app.py"          16 hours ago        Up 16 hours                 0.0.0.0:32768->5000/tcp   kind_kirch
    [root@yoyo ~]#

这样就能找到上面的容器id `1e5c22451bf2` ,不过没那么长

# logs查看日志 #

可以通过容器id去查运行的日志

> docker logs \[容器id\]

[root@yoyo ~]# docker logs 1e5c22451bf2 
    hello world
    [root@yoyo ~]#

也可以通过容器的名称去查看，注意这里是容器的名称，不是镜像名称。容器名称是系统自动分配的，如上面的最后一项NAMES 值hopeful\_poincare

[root@yoyo ~]# docker logs hopeful_poincare
    hello world

**-f: 让 docker logs 像使用 tail -f 一样来输出容器内部的标准输出。**

> docker logs -f 1e5c22451bf2

# 停止容器 #

可以用ps查看正在运行的容器

> docker ps

[root@yoyo ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                     NAMES
    c9e8a325b145        training/webapp     "python app.py"     17 hours ago        Up 17 hours         0.0.0.0:32768->5000/tcp   kind_kirch

停止容器的话，可以用stop容器的id或者容器NAME名称

> docker stop c9e8a325b145

或者提供容器名称kind\_kirch来停止

> docker stop kind\_kirch

# 启动容器 #

提供start启动容器

[root@yoyo ~]# docker start c9e8a325b145
    c9e8a325b145
    [root@yoyo ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                     NAMES
    c9e8a325b145        training/webapp     "python app.py"     17 hours ago        Up 5 seconds        0.0.0.0:32769->5000/tcp   kind_kirch
    [root@yoyo ~]#

正在运行的容器，可以使用 docker restart 命令来重启

[root@yoyo ~]# docker restart c9e8a325b145
    c9e8a325b145
    [root@yoyo ~]#

# 删除容器 #

使用 docker rm 命令来删除不需要的容器

[root@yoyo ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                      COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS                     NAMES
    1e5c22451bf2        centos/python-36-centos7   "container-entrypoin…"   24 minutes ago      Exited (0) 24 minutes ago                             hopeful_poincare
    1d14dd77352f        centos/python-36-centos7   "container-entrypoin…"   27 minutes ago      Exited (0) 27 minutes ago                             nervous_visvesvaraya
    fefdcbb9c662        centos/python-36-centos7   "container-entrypoin…"   27 minutes ago      Exited (0) 27 minutes ago                             quirky_cray
    9df329b5effd        centos/python-36-centos7   "container-entrypoin…"   27 minutes ago      Exited (0) 27 minutes ago                             nifty_roentgen
    c9e8a325b145        training/webapp            "python app.py"          17 hours ago        Up 41 seconds               0.0.0.0:32770->5000/tcp   kind_kirch
    [root@yoyo ~]# docker rm 1e5c22451bf2
    1e5c22451bf2
    [root@yoyo ~]# docker rm 1d14dd77352f
    1d14dd77352f
    [root@yoyo ~]# docker rm kind_kirch
    Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container c9e8a325b14534f0b27cfd34e3ceefd16f6a6c9f136c0305d4e60de61f2badc3. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
    [root@yoyo ~]#

但是rm 正在运行的容器时候，它会报错，需先stop，才能rm

[root@yoyo ~]# docker stop kind_kirch
    kind_kirch
    [root@yoyo ~]# docker rm  kind_kirch
    kind_kirch
    [root@yoyo ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    [root@yoyo ~]#

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转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/yoyoketang/p/11087523.html

[https_hub.docker.com]: https://hub.docker.com
[https_docs.docker.com_docker-hub_builds_how-automated-builds-work]: https://docs.docker.com/docker-hub/builds/#how-automated-builds-work