Linux-lsof

小鱼儿 2021-12-13 00:07 284阅读 0赞

### Linux-lsof ###

1. lsof简介  
2. 输出列  
2.1 FD 文件描述符  
2.2 Type 文件类型  
3. 常用选项  
4. 示例  
4.1 manpage-Examples  
5. 特别用法  
5.1 恢复删除的文件  
5.2 杀死某个特定用户的所有活动  
5.3 找回被删除文件占用的空间

## 1. lsof简介 ##

lsof（list open files）列出当前系统打开的文件。  
进程打开的文件；打开文件的进程；进程打开的端口(TCP,UDP)；等...  
由于Linux系统一切皆文件，所以lsof打开的文件可以是：  
a regular file, 常规文件  
a directory, 目录  
a block special file, 块特殊文件  
a character special file, 字符特殊文件  
an executing text reference, 执行文本参考，  
a library, 库文件  
a stream or a network file (Internet socket, NFS file or UNIX domain socket.)  流或网络文件(网络socket，NFS文件, UNIX域socket)  
A specific file or all the files  in  a  file system may be selected by path.  
  
可用选项: $ lsof -h  
详细说明: $ man lsof

## 2. 输出列 ##

Lsof每次运行时动态调整输出列的大小,保证每列的最小大小。它还保证每列与其前一列至少隔开一个空格。  
  
Lsof不会为每个进程或文件集生成所有字段,只会生成可用的字段。某些字段是互斥的:

*  文件设备字符和文件主要/次要设备号;
 *  文件inode编号和协议名称;
 *  文件名和流识别;
 *  文件大小和偏移量。(-s/-o)

这些互斥集合中的一个或另一个成员将出现在字段输出中,但不会出现在两者中。  
  
$ lsof |less  
COMMAND 命令名(默认长度为9，+c w可设置长度，arch linux最大15);  
PID 进程ID(-p 指定PID);  
TID 线程ID;  
TASKCMD 任务名(-K?);  
  
PPID 父进程号（仅在使用-R时显示）  
PGID 与进程关联的进程组号（仅在使用-g时显示）  
  
USER 用户(-u 指定用户);  
FD 文件描述符 (详见下表)(-d 排除或包含FD字段);  
TYPE 与文件关联的节点的类型 (详见下表);  
  
当n被指定为+f时,NODE-ID(或某些方言的INODE-ADDR)包含文件节点的唯一标识符(通常是内核vnode或inode地址,但有时也是设备和节点号的串联);  
  
DEVICE 指定磁盘的名称;  
SIZE/OFF 文件的大小/偏移量(-s/-o);  
NLINK 包含指定+L时的文件链接计数;  
NODE 索引节点（文件在磁盘上的标识）;  
NAME 打开文件的确切名称;

### 2.1 FD 文件描述符 ###

<table>  
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right"><strong>FD</strong></td> 
   <td align="left"><strong>FD是文件的文件描述符编号或:</strong></td> 
   <td align="left"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></td> 
   <td align="center"><strong>wc -l</strong></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">cwd</td> 
   <td align="left">current working directory;</td> 
   <td align="left">当前工作目录</td> 
   <td align="right">381</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">txt</td> 
   <td align="left">program text (code and data);</td> 
   <td align="left">程序文件或共享库</td> 
   <td align="right">381</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">rtd</td> 
   <td align="left">root directory;</td> 
   <td align="left">root目录</td> 
   <td align="right">381</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">mem</td> 
   <td align="left">memory-mapped file;</td> 
   <td align="left">内存映射文件;</td> 
   <td align="right">36728</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">mmap</td> 
   <td align="left">memory-mapped device;</td> 
   <td align="left">内存映射设备;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">Lnn</td> 
   <td align="left">library references (AIX);</td> 
   <td align="left">库引用（AIX）;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">jld</td> 
   <td align="left">jail directory (FreeBSD);</td> 
   <td align="left">jail目录（FreeBSD）;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">ltx</td> 
   <td align="left">shared library text (code and data);</td> 
   <td align="left">共享库文本（代码和数据）;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">Mxx</td> 
   <td align="left">hex memory-mapped type number xx.</td> 
   <td align="left">十六进制内存映射类型号xx。</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">m86</td> 
   <td align="left">DOS Merge mapped file;</td> 
   <td align="left">DOS合并映射文件;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">err</td> 
   <td align="left">information error (see NAME column);</td> 
   <td align="left">错误的FD信息错误;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">pd</td> 
   <td align="left">parent directory;</td> 
   <td align="left">父目录;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">tr</td> 
   <td align="left">kernel trace file (OpenBSD);</td> 
   <td align="left">内核跟踪文件(OpenBSD);</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">v86</td> 
   <td align="left">VP/ix mapped file;</td> 
   <td align="left">VP/ix映射文件;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">DEL</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="right">3743</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right"><strong>Mode</strong></td> 
   <td align="left"><strong>FD后跟其中一个字符,描述文件打开的模式:</strong></td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">u</td> 
   <td align="left">u for read and write access;</td> 
   <td align="left">文件处于读取/写入模式</td> 
   <td align="right">128:5678</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">r</td> 
   <td align="left">r for read access;</td> 
   <td align="left">文件处于只读模式</td> 
   <td align="right">78:2924</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">w</td> 
   <td align="left">w for write access;</td> 
   <td align="left">文件处于写入模式</td> 
   <td align="right">92:2633</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">' ‘</td> 
   <td align="left">space if mode unknown and no lock</td> 
   <td align="left">未知模式,且未锁定</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">-</td> 
   <td align="left">’-’ if mode unknown and lock</td> 
   <td align="left">未知模式,并锁定</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right"><strong>Lock</strong></td> 
   <td align="left"><strong>模式字符后跟一个锁定字符,描述应用于文件的锁定类型:</strong></td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">N</td> 
   <td align="left">N for a Solaris NFS lock of unknown type;</td> 
   <td align="left">未知类型的Solaris NFS锁;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">r</td> 
   <td align="left">r for read lock on part of the file;</td> 
   <td align="left">r用于部分文件的读锁定;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">R</td> 
   <td align="left">R for a read lock on the entire file;</td> 
   <td align="left">R表示整个文件的读锁定;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">w</td> 
   <td align="left">w for a write lock on part of the file;</td> 
   <td align="left">w对文件的一部分进行写锁定;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">W</td> 
   <td align="left">W for a write lock on the entire file;</td> 
   <td align="left">W表示整个文件的写锁定;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">u</td> 
   <td align="left">u for a read and write lock of any length;</td> 
   <td align="left">u表示任何长度的读写锁;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">U</td> 
   <td align="left">U for a lock of unknown type;</td> 
   <td align="left">U表示未知类型的锁;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">x</td> 
   <td align="left">x for an SCO OpenServer Xenix lock on part of the file;</td> 
   <td align="left">部分文件的SCO OpenServer Xenix锁;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">X</td> 
   <td align="left">X for an SCO OpenServer Xenix lock on the entire file;</td> 
   <td align="left">整个文件的SCO OpenServer Xenix锁;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="right">' ‘</td> 
   <td align="left">space if there is no lock.</td> 
   <td align="left">空格, 没有锁。</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### 2.2 Type 文件类型 ###

<table>  
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left"><strong>TYPE</strong></td> 
   <td align="left"><strong>is the type of the node associated with the file</strong></td> 
   <td align="left"><strong>TYPE是与文件关联的节点的类型</strong></td> 
   <td align="center"><strong>wc-l</strong></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">BLK</td> 
   <td align="left">for a block special file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于块特殊文件</td> 
   <td align="right">1</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">CHR</td> 
   <td align="left">for a character special file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于字符特殊文件</td> 
   <td align="right">780</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">DIR</td> 
   <td align="left">for a directory</td> 
   <td align="left">用于目录</td> 
   <td align="right">770</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">REG</td> 
   <td align="left">for a regular file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于常规文件</td> 
   <td align="right">46350</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">FIFO</td> 
   <td align="left">for a FIFO special file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于FIFO特殊文件</td> 
   <td align="right">903</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">IPv4</td> 
   <td align="left">for an IPv4 socket</td> 
   <td align="left">用于IPv4套接字</td> 
   <td align="right">7</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">IPv6</td> 
   <td align="left">for an open IPv6 network file - even if its address is IPv4, mapped in an IPv6 address</td> 
   <td align="left">用于开放的IPv6网络文件 - 即使其地址是IPv4,也映射在IPv6地址中</td> 
   <td align="right">22</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">sock</td> 
   <td align="left">for a socket of unknown domain</td> 
   <td align="left">用于未知域的套接字</td> 
   <td align="right">217</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">unix</td> 
   <td align="left">for a UNIX domain socket</td> 
   <td align="left">unix套接字的</td> 
   <td align="right">2925</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">a_inode</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="right">1384</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">netlink</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="right">134</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">unknown</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="right">72</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">DEL</td> 
   <td align="left">for a Linux map file that has been deleted</td> 
   <td align="left">已删除的Linux映射文件的</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">LINK</td> 
   <td align="left">for a symbolic link file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于符号链接文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">MPB</td> 
   <td align="left">for a multiplexed block file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于多路复用块文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">MPC</td> 
   <td align="left">for a multiplexed character file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于多路复用字符文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">ax25</td> 
   <td align="left">for a Linux AX.25 socket</td> 
   <td align="left">用于Linux AX.25套接字</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">inet</td> 
   <td align="left">for an Internet domain socket</td> 
   <td align="left">用于Internet域套接字</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">lla</td> 
   <td align="left">for a HP-UX link level access file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于HP-UX链路级访问文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">rte</td> 
   <td align="left">for an AF_ROUTE socket</td> 
   <td align="left">用于AF_ROUTE套接字</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">x.25</td> 
   <td align="left">for an HP-UX x.25 socket</td> 
   <td align="left">用于HP-UX x.25套接字</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">DOOR</td> 
   <td align="left">for a VDOOR file</td> 
   <td align="left">VDOOR文件的</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">KQUEUE</td> 
   <td align="left">for a BSD style kernel event queue file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于BSD样式的内核事件队列文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">NOFD</td> 
   <td align="left">for a Linux /proc/&lt;PID&gt;/fd directory that can't be opened -- the directory path appears in the NAME column, followed by an error message</td> 
   <td align="left">对于无法打开的Linux/proc/&lt;PID&gt;/fd目录的“NOFD - 目录路径出现在NAME列中,后跟一条错误消息</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PAS</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc/as file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc/as文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PAXV</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc/auxv file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc/auxv文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PCRE</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc/cred file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc/cred文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PCTL</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc control file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc控制文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PCUR</td> 
   <td align="left">for the current /proc process</td> 
   <td align="left">用于当前/proc过程</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PCWD</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc current working directory</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc当前工作目录</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PDIR</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc directory</td> 
   <td align="left">作为/proc目录</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PETY</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc executable type (etype)</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc可执行类型(etype)</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PFD</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc file descriptor</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc文件描述符</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PFDR</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc file descriptor directory</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc文件描述符目录</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PFIL</td> 
   <td align="left">for an executable /proc file</td> 
   <td align="left">表示可执行文件/proc文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PFPR</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc FP register set</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc FP寄存器组</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PGD</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc/pagedata file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc/pagedata文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PGID</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc group notifier file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc组通知程序文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PIPE</td> 
   <td align="left">for pipes</td> 
   <td align="left">管道</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PLC</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc/lwpctl file</td> 
   <td align="left">表示/proc/lwpctl文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PLDR</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc/lpw directory</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc/lpw目录</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PLDT</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc/ldt file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc/ldt文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PLPI</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc/lpsinfo file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc/lpsinfo文件的</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PLST</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc/lstatus file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc/lstatus文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PLU</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc/lusage file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc/lusage文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PLWG</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc/gwindows file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc/gwindows文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PLWI</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc/lwpsinfo file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc/lwpsinfo文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PLWS</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc/lwpstatus file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc/lwpstatus文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PLWU</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc/lwpusage file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc/lwpusage文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PLWX</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc/xregs file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc/xregs文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PMAP</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc map file (map)</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc映射文件(map)</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PMEM</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc memory image file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc内存映像文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PNTF</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc process notifier file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc进程通知程序文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">POBJ</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc/object file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc/object文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PODR</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc/object directory</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc/object目录</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">POLP</td> 
   <td align="left">for an old format /proc light weight process file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于旧格式/proc轻量级处理文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">POPF</td> 
   <td align="left">for an old format /proc PID file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于旧格式/proc PID文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">POPG</td> 
   <td align="left">for an old format /proc page data file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于旧格式/proc页面数据文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PORT</td> 
   <td align="left">for a SYSV named pipe</td> 
   <td align="left">SYSV命名管道的</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PREG</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc register file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc寄存器文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PRMP</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc/rmap file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc/rmap文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PRTD</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc root directory</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc根目录</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PSGA</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc/sigact file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc/sigact文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PSIN</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc/psinfo file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc/psinfo文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PSTA</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc status file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc状态文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PSXSEM</td> 
   <td align="left">for a POSIX semaphore file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于POSIX信号量文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PSXSHM</td> 
   <td align="left">for a POSIX shared memory file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于POSIX共享内存文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PTS</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /dev/pts file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/dev/pts文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PUSG</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc/usage file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc/usage文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PW</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc/watch file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc/watch文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">PXMP</td> 
   <td align="left">for a /proc/xmap file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于/proc/xmap文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">SMT</td> 
   <td align="left">for a shared memory transport file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于共享内存传输文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">STSO</td> 
   <td align="left">for a stream socket</td> 
   <td align="left">用于流套接字</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">UNNM</td> 
   <td align="left">for an unnamed type file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于未命名的类型文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">XNAM</td> 
   <td align="left">for an OpenServer Xenix special file of unknown type</td> 
   <td align="left">用于未知类型的OpenServer Xenix特殊文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">XSEM</td> 
   <td align="left">for an OpenServer Xenix semaphore file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于OpenServer Xenix信号量文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">XSD</td> 
   <td align="left">for an OpenServer Xenix shared data file</td> 
   <td align="left">用于OpenServer Xenix共享数据文件</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">or the four type number octets if the corresponding name isn't known.</td> 
   <td align="left">如果相应的名称未知,则为四个类型数字八位字节。</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 3. 常用选项 ##

\-a And运算  
\-b  
\+c w command宽度  
\-c command命令或程序  
\+d dir目录  
\-d FD列内容的筛选  
\-D dir递归目录  
\-p PID进程号

<table>  
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">Defaults in parentheses; comma-separated set (s) items; dash-separated ranges.</td> 
   <td align="left">括号中的默认值; 逗号分隔的集合项目; 短划线范围。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">-?|-h</td> 
   <td align="left">list help</td> 
   <td align="left">列表帮助</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">-v</td> 
   <td align="left">list version info</td> 
   <td align="left">列表版本信息</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">-a</td> 
   <td align="left">AND selections (OR)</td> 
   <td align="left">AND选择（OR）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">-c c</td> 
   <td align="left">cmd c ^c /c/[bix]</td> 
   <td align="left">cmd c ^ c / c / [bix]</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">+c w</td> 
   <td align="left">COMMAND width (9)</td> 
   <td align="left">命令宽度（9）最大15?</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">-d s</td> 
   <td align="left">select by FD set</td> 
   <td align="left">输出列表中排除或包含的文件描述符(FD)列表。<br>文件描述符在逗号分隔集合s中指定 – 例如,<br>''cwd,1,3'',''^6,^2''.(集合中不应有空格)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">+d s</td> 
   <td align="left">dir s files</td> 
   <td align="left">dirs文件 注：不含符号链接，除非使用-x或-x l选项可包含</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">+D D</td> 
   <td align="left">dir D tree *SLOW?*</td> 
   <td align="left">dir D tree * SLOW？* 递归列出目录下被打开的文件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">-u s</td> 
   <td align="left">exclude(^)|select login|UID set s</td> 
   <td align="left">exclude(^)|</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">-i</td> 
   <td align="left">select IPv[46] files</td> 
   <td align="left">选择IPv[4,6]tcp,udp等文件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">-n</td> 
   <td align="left">no host names</td> 
   <td align="left">#不将IP地址转换为hostname,预设是转换的</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">-P</td> 
   <td align="left">no port names</td> 
   <td align="left">#此参数禁止将port number转换为service name,预设为转换</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">-l</td> 
   <td align="left">list UID numbers</td> 
   <td align="left">列出UID号码, 禁止将UID转换为登录名。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">-t</td> 
   <td align="left">terse listing</td> 
   <td align="left">简洁列表, 只输出PID</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">-s</td> 
   <td align="left">list file size</td> 
   <td align="left">列表文件大小</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">-o</td> 
   <td align="left">list file offset</td> 
   <td align="left">它会将SIZE/OFF输出列标题更改为OFFSET 偏移量</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">-U</td> 
   <td align="left">select Unix socket</td> 
   <td align="left">选择Unix套接字</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">+|-e s</td> 
   <td align="left">exempt s *RISKY*</td> 
   <td align="left">免除路径名为s的文件系统受到可能阻塞的内核函数调用。<br>+e选项免除stat(2),lstat(2)和大多数readlink(2)内核函数调用.&nbsp;<br>-e选项仅免除stat(2)和lstat(2)内核函数调用.<br>可以使用单独的+|-e规范指定多个文件系统,并且每个文件系统可以具有免除或不允许的readlink(2)调用.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">+|-w</td> 
   <td align="left">Warnings (+)</td> 
   <td align="left">警告（+）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">-p s</td> 
   <td align="left">exclude(^)|select PIDs</td> 
   <td align="left">exclude（^）|选择PID</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">-R</td> 
   <td align="left">list paRent PID</td> 
   <td align="left">列出PPID</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">-g [s]</td> 
   <td align="left">exclude(^)|select and print process group IDs</td> 
   <td align="left">exclude(^)|选择并打印进程组ID</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">+|-L [l]</td> 
   <td align="left">list (+) suppress (-) link counts &lt; l (0 = all; default = 0)</td> 
   <td align="left">启用(+)或禁用(-)文件链接计数列表,它们可用-例如,它们不适用于套接字或大多数FIFO和管道.<br>如果指定+L且没有跟数字, 则将列出所有链接计数。<br>指定-L（默认值）时，不会列出任何链接计数。<br>当+L后跟一个数字时，只列出链接数小于该数字的文件。（没有数字可以跟随-L）</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 4. 示例 ##

<table>  
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">COMMAND</td> 
   <td align="left">PID</td> 
   <td align="left">USER</td> 
   <td align="left">FD</td> 
   <td align="left">TYPE</td> 
   <td align="left">DEVICE</td> 
   <td align="left">SIZE/OFF</td> 
   <td align="left">NODE</td> 
   <td align="left">NAME</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td colspan="7" align="left"><strong>$ lsof /home/toma/Documents/IO.xls</strong></td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">查找打开该文件的进程</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">soffice.b</td> 
   <td align="right">20084</td> 
   <td align="left">toma</td> 
   <td align="left">3uW</td> 
   <td align="left">REG</td> 
   <td align="left">8,23</td> 
   <td align="right">242688</td> 
   <td align="right">1480016</td> 
   <td align="left">/home/toma/Documents/IO.xls</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td colspan="7" align="left"><strong>$ lsof /home/toma/Downloads/mov/GoT.mp4</strong></td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">Thunar</td> 
   <td align="right">676</td> 
   <td align="left">toma</td> 
   <td align="left">25u</td> 
   <td align="left">REG</td> 
   <td align="left">8,23</td> 
   <td align="right">11121302</td> 
   <td align="right">1705712</td> 
   <td align="left">/home/toma/Downloads/mov/GoT.mp4</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">vlc</td> 
   <td align="right">7975</td> 
   <td align="left">toma</td> 
   <td align="left">22r</td> 
   <td align="left">REG</td> 
   <td align="left">8,23</td> 
   <td align="right">11121302</td> 
   <td align="right">1705712</td> 
   <td align="left">/home/toma/Downloads/mov/GoT.mp4</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td colspan="7" align="left"><strong>$ lsof -c soffice |grep .xls</strong></td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">查找该进程打开的 *.xls 文件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">soffice.b</td> 
   <td align="right">20084</td> 
   <td align="left">toma</td> 
   <td align="left">3uW</td> 
   <td align="left">REG</td> 
   <td align="left">8,23</td> 
   <td align="right">242688</td> 
   <td align="right">1480016</td> 
   <td align="left">/home/toma/Documents/IO.xls</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td colspan="7" align="left"><strong>$ lsof -c vlc |grep .mp4</strong></td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">查找该进程打开的 *.mp4 文件</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">vlc</td> 
   <td align="right">7975</td> 
   <td align="left">toma</td> 
   <td align="left">23r</td> 
   <td align="left">REG</td> 
   <td align="left">8,23</td> 
   <td align="right">11121302</td> 
   <td align="right">1705712</td> 
   <td align="left">/home/toma/Downloads/mov/GoT.mp4</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td colspan="7" align="left"><strong>$ lsof /bin/bash</strong></td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">查看谁正在使用某个文件，也就是说查找某个文件相关的进程</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">sh</td> 
   <td align="right">528</td> 
   <td align="left">toma</td> 
   <td align="left">txt</td> 
   <td align="left">REG</td> 
   <td align="left">8,22</td> 
   <td align="right">903464</td> 
   <td align="right">1315133</td> 
   <td align="left">/usr/bin/bash</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td colspan="7" align="left"><strong>$ lsof /usr/bin/fish</strong></td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">fish</td> 
   <td align="right">738</td> 
   <td align="left">toma</td> 
   <td align="left">txt</td> 
   <td align="left">REG</td> 
   <td align="left">8,22</td> 
   <td align="right">1587184</td> 
   <td align="right">1365002</td> 
   <td align="left">/usr/bin/fish</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td colspan="7" align="left"><strong>$ lsof /usr/lib/libreoffice/program/soffice.bin</strong></td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">soffice.b</td> 
   <td align="right">22284</td> 
   <td align="left">toma</td> 
   <td align="left">txt</td> 
   <td align="left">REG</td> 
   <td align="left">8,22</td> 
   <td align="right">14112</td> 
   <td align="right">1456879</td> 
   <td align="left">/usr/lib/libreoffice/program/soffice.bin</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td colspan="7" align="left"><strong>$ lsof -c soffice.b |grep office.bin</strong></td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">soffice.b</td> 
   <td align="right">22284</td> 
   <td align="left">toma</td> 
   <td align="left">txt</td> 
   <td align="left">REG</td> 
   <td align="left">8,22</td> 
   <td align="right">14112</td> 
   <td align="right">1456879</td> 
   <td align="left">/usr/lib/libreoffice/program/soffice.bin</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td colspan="7" align="left"><strong>$ lsof -c soffice |grep office.bin</strong></td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">soffice.b</td> 
   <td align="right">22284</td> 
   <td align="left">toma</td> 
   <td align="left">txt</td> 
   <td align="left">REG</td> 
   <td align="left">8,22</td> 
   <td align="right">14112</td> 
   <td align="right">1456879</td> 
   <td align="left">/usr/lib/libreoffice/program/soffice.bin</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td colspan="7" align="left"><strong>$ lsof /dev/sda10</strong></td> 
   <td align="left">&nbsp;</td> 
   <td align="left"><strong>列出 /dev/sda10 设备上打开的所有文件</strong></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td align="left">vlc</td> 
   <td align="right">29350</td> 
   <td align="left">toma</td> 
   <td align="left">21r</td> 
   <td align="left">REG</td> 
   <td align="left">8,10</td> 
   <td align="right">8500479</td> 
   <td align="right">9728</td> 
   <td align="left">/run/media/toma/TjOe/TDDownload/FROZEN2.mp4</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### 4.1 manpage-Examples ###

For a more extensive set of examples, documented more fully, see the 00QUICKSTART file of the lsof distribution.  
有关更全面的示例，请参阅lsof发行版的00QUICKSTART文件。  
  
To list all open Internet, x.25 (HP-UX), and UNIX domain files, use:  
要列出所有打开的Internet，x.25（HP-UX）和UNIX域文件，请使用：  
$ lsof -i -U  
  
To list all open IPv4 network files in use by the process whose PID is 1234, use:  
要列出PID为1234的进程正在使用的所有打开的IPv4网络文件，请使用：  
$ lsof -i 4 -a -p 1234  
  
Presuming the UNIX dialect supports IPv6, to list only open IPv6 network files, use:  
假设UNIX方言支持IPv6，要仅列出打开的IPv6网络文件，请使用：  
$ lsof -i 6  
  
To list all files using any protocol on ports 513, 514, or 515 of host wonderland.cc.purdue.edu, use:  
要在主机wonderland.cc.purdue.edu的端口513,514或515上使用任何协议列出所有文件，请使用：  
$ lsof -i @wonderland.cc.purdue.edu:513-515  
  
To list all files using any protocol on any port of mace.cc.purdue.edu (cc.purdue.edu is the default domain), use:  
要在mace.cc.purdue.edu的任何端口上使用任何协议列出所有文件（cc.purdue.edu是默认域），请使用：  
$ lsof -i @mace  
  
To list all open files for login name ''abe'', or user ID 1234, or process 456, or process 123, or process 789, use:  
要列出登录名“abe”，或用户ID 1234，或流程456，流程123或流程789的所有打开文件，请使用：  
$ lsof -p 456,123,789 -u 1234,abe  
  
To send a SIGHUP to the processes that have /u/abe/bar open, use:  
要将SIGHUP发送到打开/ u / abe / bar的进程，请使用：  
$ kill -HUP 'lsof -t /u/abe/bar'  
  
To find any open file, including an open UNIX domain socket file, with the name /dev/log, use:  
要查找任何打开的文件，包括名为/ dev / log的打开的UNIX域套接字文件，请使用：  
$ lsof /dev/log  
  
To find processes with open files on the NFS file system named /nfs/mount/point whose server is inaccessible, and presuming your mount table supplies the device number for /nfs/mount/point, use:  
要在名为/ nfs / mount / point且服务器不可访问的NFS文件系统上查找具有打开文件的进程，并假设您的挂载表提供/ nfs / mount / point的设备编号，请使用：  
$ lsof -b /nfs/mount/point  
  
To do the preceding search with warning messages suppressed, use:  
要在禁用警告消息的情况下执行上述搜索，请使用：  
$ lsof -bw /nfs/mount/point  
  
To ignore the device cache file, use:  
要忽略设备缓存文件，请使用：  
$ lsof -Di  
  
To obtain PID and command name field output for each process, file descriptor, file device number, and file inode number for each file of each process, use:  
要为每个进程获取PID和命令名称字段输出，文件描述符，文件设备编号和每个进程的每个文件的文件inode编号，请使用：  
$ lsof -FpcfDi  
  
To list the files at descriptors 1 and 3 of every process running the lsof command for login ID ''abe'' every 10 seconds, use:  
要列出每10秒执行登录ID“abe”的lsof命令的每个进程的描述符1和3的文件，请使用：  
$ lsof -c lsof -a -d 1 -d 3 -u abe -r10  
  
To list the current working directory of processes running a command that is exactly four characters long and has an 'o' or 'O' in character three, use this regular expression form of the -c c option:  
要列出运行命令的进程的当前工作目录，该命令长度正好为四个字符且在字符3中具有“o”或“O”，请使用-c c选项的此正则表达式形式：  
$ lsof -c /^..o.$/i -a -d cwd  
  
To find an IP version 4 socket file by its associated numeric dot-form address, use:  
要通过其关联的数字点形式地址查找IP版本4套接字文件，请使用：  
$ lsof -i@128.210.15.17  
  
To find an IP version 6 socket file (when the UNIX dialect supports IPv6) by its associated numeric colon-form address, use:  
要通过关联的数字冒号形式地址查找IP版本6套接字文件（当UNIX方言支持IPv6时），请使用：  
$ lsof -i@\[0:1:2:3:4:5:6:7\]  
  
To find an IP version 6 socket file (when the UNIX dialect supports IPv6) by an associated numeric colon-form address that has a run of zeroes in it - e.g., the loop-back address - use:  
要通过关联的数字冒号形式地址查找IP版本6套接字文件（当UNIX方言支持IPv6时），其中包含一连串的零 - 例如，回送地址 - 使用：  
$ lsof -i@\[::1\]  
  
To obtain a repeat mode marker line that contains the current time, use:  
要获得包含当前时间的重复模式标记线，请使用：  
$ lsof -rm====%T====  
  
To add spaces to the previous marker line, use:  
要向前一个标记行添加空格，请使用：  
$ lsof -r "m==== %T ===="

## 5. 特别用法 ##

### 5.1 恢复删除的文件 ###

对于许多应用程序，尤其是日志文件和数据库，这种恢复删除文件的方法非常有用。  
$ lsof |grep .mp4 播放视频文件中... FROZEN2.mp4  
vlc 30573 toma 20r REG 8,10 8500479 9728 /run/media/toma/TjOe/TDDownload/FROZEN2.mp4  
$ lsof |grep .mp4 放入回收站后 显示如下: 从回收站恢复即可  
vlc 30573 toma 20r REG 8,10 8500479 9728 /run/media/toma/TjOe/.Trash-1001/files/FROZEN2.mp4  
$ lsof |grep .mp4 直接删除(shift + delete),显示如下，后面多了(deleted)标记  
vlc 30573 toma 20r REG 8,10 8500479 9728 /run/media/toma/TjOe/TDDownload/FROZEN2.mp4 (deleted)  
$ ls -l /proc/30573/fd/20 列出pid信息，/proc/30573/fd/20 链接到已删除文件。  
lr-x------ 1 /proc/30573/fd/20 -> '/run/media/toma/TjOe/TDDownload/FROZEN2.mp4 (deleted)'  
$ cat /proc/30573/fd/20 > /home/toma/te.mp4 使用查看命令打开并 重定向到新文件即可  
  
$ ls -l /home/toma/te.mp4 列出恢复的新文件  
\-rwxrwxrwx 1 toma    8500479 te.mp4

### 5.2 杀死某个特定用户的所有活动 ###

\# kill -9 \`lsof -t -u named\`  
对于服务器或多用户共用的环境比较有用。

### 5.3 找回被删除文件占用的空间 ###

找到仍被打开，但已被删除的文件  
$ lsof | grep deleted  
  
查看后关闭相应程序或杀死进程即可  
$ ps -ef | grep pid  
$ sudo kill -9 pid

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/sztom/p/11070309.html