使用systemd挂载文件系统

落日映苍穹つ 2021-12-11 17:47 338阅读 0赞

文章目录

*  [一、挂载本地磁盘][Link 1]
 *  [二、挂载网络文件系统][Link 2]
 *  [三、自动挂载][Link 3]
 *  [四、开启关停][Link 4]
 *  [五、重要事项：][Link 5]

为什么使用systemd来挂载文件系统而不使用fstab？使用fstab的时候如果设备被移除会导致系统启动失败，无法进入系统（只能进入临时修复系统），systemd则没有这个问题。

一、挂载本地磁盘

#vim /etc/systemd/system/xxx-xxx.mount

以下为配置内容:

[Unit]
    
    Description = mount disk
    
    [Mount]
    
    What = /dev/sdb4
    
    Where = /mnt/data
    
    Type = ext4
    
    Options = defaults
    
    [Install]
    
    WantedBy = local-fs.target

二、挂载网络文件系统

#vim /etc/systemd/system/xxx-xxx.mount

[Unit]
    
    Description = Mount NFS disk
    
    [Mount]
    
    What = nfs.example.com:/export/scratch
    
    Where = /mnt/data/nfs
    
    Type = nfs
    
    Options = defaults
    
    [Install]
    
    WantedBy = multi-user.target

三、自动挂载

#vim /etc/systemd/system/xxx-xxx-xxx.automount

[Unit]
    
    Description = Auto Mount NFS disk
    
    [Automount]
    
    Where = /mnt/data/nfs
    
    [Install]
    
    WantedBy = multi-user.target

四、开启关停

# systemctl start xxx-xxx-xxx.mount
    
    # systemctl stop xxx-xxx-xxx.mount
    
    # systemctl disable xxx-xxx-xxx.mount
    
    # systemctl statu xxx-xxx-xxx.mount
    
    如果使用automount，则必须使用：
    
    # systemctl enable xxx-xxx-xxx.automount
    
    没用使用automount，则使用：
    
    # systemctl enable xxx-xxx-xxx.mount

# systemctl is-enabled mnt-scratch.mount
    
    disabled
    
    # systemctl is-enabled mnt-scratch.automount
    
    enabled
    
    # systemctl start mnt-scratch.automount
    
    # ls /mnt/scratch >/dev/null
    
    # systemctl status mnt-scratch.automount
    
    ● mnt-scratch.automount - Automount Scratch
    
    Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/mnt-scratch.automount; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
    
    Active: active (running) since Mon 2016-04-18 10:49:04 CEST; 4h 33min ago
    
    Where: /mnt/scratch
    
    Apr 18 10:49:04 oat systemd[1]: Set up automount Automount Scratch.
    
    Apr 18 10:49:14 oat systemd[1]: mnt-scratch.automount: Got automount request for /mnt/scratch, triggered by 20266 (zsh)
    
    # systemctl status mnt-scratch.mount
    
    ● mnt-scratch.mount - Scratch
    
    Loaded: loaded (/proc/self/mountinfo; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
    
    Active: active (mounted) since Mon 2016-04-18 10:49:16 CEST; 4h 33min ago
    
    Where: /mnt/scratch
    
    What: nfs.example.com:/export/scratch
    
    Apr 18 10:49:14 oat systemd[1]: Mounting Scratch...
    
    Apr 18 10:49:16 oat systemd[1]: Mounted Scratch.

五、重要事项：

**（以下内容非常重要，可能直接导致挂载失败。）**

1.  mount文件名称**必须**要与你**挂载路径一致**，把路径里的**「/」**换成**「 -」**，例如本例要挂的目录为`/mnt/data`，则文件名称必须为`mnt-data.mount`。可以多层目录如`xxx-xxx-xxx.mount`。
2.  如果挂载nfs的话需要安装nfs客户端：

服务器端：
    $sudo apt install nfs-kernel-server
    $sudo apt install portmap(如果安装上一个，可以不用执行此操作)
    
    客户端：
    #apt install nfs-common

Automatic mounts with systemd：  
[https://blog.tomecek.net/post/automount-with-systemd/][https_blog.tomecek.net_post_automount-with-systemd]

Systemd target mount automount介绍：  
[https://codingbee.net/rhcsa/rhcsa-understanding-systemd][https_codingbee.net_rhcsa_rhcsa-understanding-systemd]

[Link 1]: https://www.jtree.cc/post/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8systemd%E6%8C%82%E8%BD%BD%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F/#%E4%B8%80-%E6%8C%82%E8%BD%BD%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E7%A3%81%E7%9B%98
[Link 2]: https://www.jtree.cc/post/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8systemd%E6%8C%82%E8%BD%BD%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F/#%E4%BA%8C-%E6%8C%82%E8%BD%BD%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F
[Link 3]: https://www.jtree.cc/post/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8systemd%E6%8C%82%E8%BD%BD%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F/#%E4%B8%89-%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E6%8C%82%E8%BD%BD
[Link 4]: https://www.jtree.cc/post/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8systemd%E6%8C%82%E8%BD%BD%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F/#%E5%9B%9B-%E5%BC%80%E5%90%AF%E5%85%B3%E5%81%9C
[Link 5]: https://www.jtree.cc/post/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8systemd%E6%8C%82%E8%BD%BD%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F/#%E4%BA%94-%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81%E4%BA%8B%E9%A1%B9
[https_blog.tomecek.net_post_automount-with-systemd]: https://blog.tomecek.net/post/automount-with-systemd/
[https_codingbee.net_rhcsa_rhcsa-understanding-systemd]: https://codingbee.net/rhcsa/rhcsa-understanding-systemd