SpringBoot处理异常的几种方式

忘是亡心i 2021-12-10 10:57 328阅读 0赞

1.通过编写error.html处理异常  
比如，先写一个DemoController

package per.czt.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    
    @Controller
    public class DemoController {
    	@RequestMapping("show")
    	public String showInfo1() {
    		String str=null;
    		str.length();
    		return "index";
    	}
    	
    	@RequestMapping("show2")
    	public String showInfo2() {
    		int a=100/0;
    		
    		return "index";
    	}
    
    
    }

在src/main/resources/templates下写一个error.html文件

<!DOCTYPE html>
 <html>
 <head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8"/>
 <title>错误提示页面</title>
 </head>
 <body>
 出错了，请与管理员联系。。。 
 
 </body>
 </html>

访问两个request都会出现异常，访问其他url，也会跳转到error.html  
2.通过ExceptionHandler处理异常  
对于不同异常处理  
DemoController

package per.czt.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
    
    @Controller
    public class DemoController {
    	@RequestMapping("/show1")
    	public String showInfo1() {
    		String str=null;
    		str.length();
    		
    		return "index";
    	}
    	@RequestMapping("/show2")
    	public String showInfo2() {
    		Integer  a=10/0;
    		return "index";
    	}
    	@ExceptionHandler(value=ArithmeticException.class)
    	public ModelAndView arithemticException(Exception e) {
    		ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
    		mv.addObject("error1", e.toString());
    		mv.setViewName("error1");
    		return mv;
    		
    		
    	}
    	@ExceptionHandler(value=NullPointerException.class)
    	public ModelAndView nullPointerException(Exception e) {
    		ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
    		mv.addObject("error2", e.toString());
    		mv.setViewName("error2");
    		return mv;
    		
    		
    	}
    }

error1.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
 <html>
 <head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8"/>
 <title>错误提示页面-ArithmeticException</title>
 </head>
 <body>
 	
 
 </body>
 </html>

error2.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
 <html>
 <head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8"/>
 <title>错误提示页面-NullPointException</title>
 </head>
 <body>
 	
 
 </body>
 </html>

error.html

这种方式成功的处理的不同类型异常，但是如果不同包都存在此异常，每个包都要写一个异常处理的ExceptionHandler，复用性不好  
3.通过写一个全局异常类，注解@Configution，里面写一个返回值为SimpleMappingExceptionResolver的方法

package per.czt.exception;
    import java.util.Properties;
    
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver;
    
    @Configuration
    public class GlobalException {
    
    
    		
    	public SimpleMappingExceptionResolver getSimpleMappingExceptionResolver() {
    		SimpleMappingExceptionResolver resolver=new SimpleMappingExceptionResolver();
    		Properties  mappings=new Properties();
    		mappings.put("java.lang.ArithmeticException", "error1");
    		mappings.put("java.lang.NullPointerException", "error2");
    		resolver.setExceptionMappings(mappings);
    		return resolver;
    	}
    }

此方法能够处理不同包的相同异常，但是无法给出具体错误信息  
4.编写异常类，通过ControllerAdvice+ExceptionHandler

package per.czt.exception;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
    
    @ControllerAdvice
    public class GlobalException {
    	@ExceptionHandler(value=java.lang.ArithmeticException.class)
    	public ModelAndView arithmeticExceptionHandler(Exception e) {
    		ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
    		mv.addObject("error", e.toString());
    		mv.setViewName("error1");
    		return mv;
    	}
    	@ExceptionHandler(value=java.lang.NullPointerException.class)
    	public ModelAndView nullPointExceptionHandler(Exception e) {
    		ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
    		mv.addObject("error", e.toString());
    		mv.setViewName("error2");
    		return mv;
    	}
    	
    
    
    }

5.编写处理全局异常类实现 HandlerExceptionResolver接口，该接口实现哪里ModelAndView方法，根据参数ex获取不同异常类型跳转到不同页面，此方法是对以上多种方法的总结

package per.czt.exception;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
    
    @Configuration
    public class GlobalException implements HandlerExceptionResolver{
    	
    	public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
    			Exception ex) {
    		ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
    	    if(ex instanceof ArithmeticException) {
    	    	mv.setViewName("error1");
    	    }else if(ex instanceof NullPointerException){
    	    	mv.setViewName("error2");
    	    }
    	    mv.addObject("error",ex.toString());
    		return mv;
    	}
    }