linux ftp配置

た入场券 2021-12-07 14:51 270阅读 0赞

**一****.vsftpd****说明****:**

LINUX下实现FTP服务的软件很多,最常见的有vsftpd,Wu-ftpd和Proftp等.Red Hat Enterprise Linux中默认安装的是vsftpd.

访问FTP服务器时需要经过验证,只有经过了FTP服务器的相关验证,用户才能访问和传输文件.

vsftpd提供了3种ftp登录形式:

** (1)anonymous(****匿名帐号)**

使用anonymous是应用广泛的一种FTP服务器.如果用户在FTP服务器上没有帐号,那么用户可以以anonymous为用户名,以自己的电子邮件地址为密码进行登录.当匿名用户登录FTP服务器后,其登录目录为匿名FTP服务器的根目录/var/ftp.为了减轻FTP服务器的负载,**一般情况下,应关闭匿名帐号的上传功能**.

**  (2)real(****真实帐号)**

real也称为本地帐号,就是以真实的用户名和密码进行登录,但前提条件是用户在FTP服务器上拥有自己的帐号.用真实帐号登录后,其登录的目录为用户自己的目录,该目录在系统建立帐号时系统就自动创建.

** (3)guest(****虚拟帐号)**

如果用户在FTP服务器上拥有帐号,但此帐号只能用于文件传输服务,那么该帐号就是guest,guest是真实帐号的一种形式,它们的不同之处在于,geust登录FTP服务器后,不能访问除宿主目录以外的内容.

**二****.FTP****相关配置文件说明**

其相关配置文件有/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf,  /etc/vsftpd.ftpusers,  /etc/vsftpd.user\_list,在配置FTP服务器时,主要是修改这些文件中的相关语句.

**1.vsftpd.conf****文件说明**

\# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

\# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file

\# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.

\# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.

\# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.

\# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's

\# capabilities.

\# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).

**anonymous\_enable=YES**  //是否允许anonymous登录FTP服务器,默认是允许的.

\# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.

**local\_enable=YES** //是否允许本地用户登录FTP服务器,默认是允许

\# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.

**write\_enable=YES**  //是否允许用户具有在FTP服务器文件中执行写的权限,默认是允许

\# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,

\# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)

**local\_umask=022** //设置本地用户的文件生成掩码为022,默认是077

\# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only

\# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will

\# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.

\#anon\_upload\_enable=YES

\# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create

\# new directories.

\#anon\_mkdir\_write\_enable=YES  //是否允许匿名账户在FTP服务器中创建目录

\# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they

\# go into a certain directory.

dirmessage\_enable=YES //激活目录信息,当远程用户更改目录时,将出现提示信息

\# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.

xferlog\_enable=YES  //启用上传和下载日志功能

\# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).

connect\_from\_port\_20=YES   //启用FTP数据端口的连接请求

\# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by

\# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not

\# recommended!

\#chown\_uploads=YES

\#chown\_username=whoever

\# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown

\# below.

\#xferlog\_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log  //设置日志文件的文件名和存储路径,这是默认的

\# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format

xferlog\_std\_format=YES//是否使用标准的ftpd xferlog日志文件格式

\# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.

\#idle\_session\_timeout=600  //设置空闲的用户会话中断时间,默认是10分钟

\# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.

\#data\_connection\_timeout=120//设置数据连接超时时间,默认是120秒.

\# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the

\# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.

\#nopriv\_user=ftpsecure

\# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not

\# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,

\# however, may confuse older FTP clients.

\#async\_abor\_enable=YES

\# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore

\# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII

\# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.

\# Beware that turning on ascii\_download\_enable enables malicious remote parties

\# to consume your I/O resources, by issuing the command "SIZE /big/file" in

\# ASCII mode.

\# These ASCII options are split into upload and download because you may wish

\# to enable ASCII uploads (to prevent uploaded scripts etc. from breaking),

\# without the DoS risk of SIZE and ASCII downloads. ASCII mangling should be

\# on the client anyway..

\#ascii\_upload\_enable=YES

**\#ascii\_download\_enable=YES** //是否允许使用ASCII格式来上传和下载文件

\# You may fully customise the login banner string:

\#ftpd\_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.//在FTP服务器中设置欢迎登录的信息.

\# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently

\# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.

\#deny\_email\_enable=YES

\# (default follows)

\#banned\_email\_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned\_emails

\# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home

\# directory. If chroot\_local\_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of

\# users to NOT chroot().

**\#chroot\_list\_enable=YES** //如果希望用户登录后不能切换到自己目录以外的其它目录,需要设置该项,如果设置chroot\_list\_enable=YES,那么只允许/etc/vsftpd.chroot\_list中列出的用户具有该功能.如果希望所有的本地用户都执行者chroot,可以增加一行:**chroot\_local\_user=YES**

\# (default follows)

\#chroot\_list\_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot\_list

\# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by

\# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large

\# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume

\# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.

\#ls\_recurse\_enable=YES

pam\_service\_name=vsftpd  //设置PAM认证服务的配置文件名称,该文件存放在/etc/pam.d/目录下.

**userlist\_enable=YES** //用户列表中的用户是否允许登录FTP服务器,默认是不允许

listen=YES  //使vsftpd 处于独立启动模式

tcp\_wrappers=YES  //使用tcp\_wrqppers作为主机访问控制方式

**2.vsftpd.ftpusers****文件说明**