nginx模块开发（18）—日志分析

迷南。 2021-12-04 04:29 349阅读 0赞

## 1、日志简介 ##

nginx日志主要有两种：访问日志和错误日志。访问日志主要记录客户端访问nginx的每一个请求，格式可以自定义；错误日志主要记录客户端访问nginx出错时的日志，格式不支持自定义。两种日志都可以选择性关闭。

通过访问日志，你可以得到用户地域来源、跳转来源、使用终端、某个URL访问量等相关信息；通过错误日志，你可以得到系统某个服务或server的性能瓶颈等。因此，将日志好好利用，你可以得到很多有价值的信息。

## 2、访问日志 ##

**\[Access.log\]**

log\_format  main  '$remote\_addr $remote\_user \[$time\_local\] "$request" $http\_host '

'$status $upstream\_status $body\_bytes\_sent "$http\_referer" '

'"$http\_user\_agent" $ssl\_protocol $ssl\_cipher $upstream\_addr '

'$request\_time $upstream\_response\_time';

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td> 变量名称 </td> 
 <td> 变量描述 </td> 
 <td> 举例说明 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> $remote_addr </td> 
 <td> 客户端地址 </td> 
 <td> &nbsp; 1.1.1.1 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> $remote_user </td> 
 <td> 客户端用户名称 </td> 
 <td> - </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> $time_local </td> 
 <td> 访问时间和时区 </td> 
 <td> 18/Jul/2012:17:00:01 +0800 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> $request </td> 
 <td> 请求的URI和HTTP协议 </td> 
 <td> "GET /XX &nbsp;HTTP/1.1" </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> $http_host </td> 
 <td> 请求地址，即浏览器中你输入的地址（IP或域名） </td> 
 <td> hello.world.com 2.2.2.2 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> $status </td> 
 <td> HTTP请求状态 </td> 
 <td> 200 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> $upstream_status </td> 
 <td> upstream状态 </td> 
 <td> 200 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> $body_bytes_sent </td> 
 <td> 发送给客户端文件内容大小 </td> 
 <td> 547 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> $http_referer </td> 
 <td> 跳转来源 </td> 
 <td> &nbsp;"https://hello.cj.com.../" </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> $http_user_agent </td> 
 <td> 用户终端代理 </td> 
 <td> "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; GTB7.0; .NET4.0C; </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> $ssl_protocol </td> 
 <td> SSL协议版本 </td> 
 <td> TLSv1 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> $ssl_cipher </td> 
 <td> 交换数据中的算法 </td> 
 <td> RC4-SHA </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> $upstream_addr </td> 
 <td> 后台upstream的地址，即真正提供服务的主机地址 </td> 
 <td> 3.3.3.3:80 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> $request_time </td> 
 <td> 整个请求的总时间 </td> 
 <td> 0.205 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> $upstream_response_time </td> 
 <td> 请求过程中，upstream响应时间 </td> 
 <td> 0.002 </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**线上实例：**

1.1.1.1 - \[02/Aug/2012:14:47:12 +0800\] "GET /images/XX/20100324752729.png HTTP/1.1" hello.world.com 200 200 2038[https://hello.cj.com/XX/PaymentResult.htm][https_hello.cj.com_XX_PaymentResult.htm] "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; Tablet PC 2.0; 360SE)" TLSv1 AES128-SHA 3.3.3.3:80 0.198 0.001

## 3、错误日志 ##

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td> 错误信息 </td> 
 <td> 错误说明 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> "upstream prematurely（过早的）closed connection" </td> 
 <td> upstream关闭了链接造成的 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> "recv() failed (104: Connection reset by peer)" </td> 
 <td> （1）服务器的并发连接数超过了其承载量，服务器会将其中一些连接Down掉；&nbsp; （2）客户关掉了浏览器，而服务器还在给客户端发送数据；&nbsp; （3）浏览器端按了Stop </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> "(111: Connection refused) while connecting to upstream" </td> 
 <td> 用户在连接时，若遇到后端upstream挂掉或者不通，会收到该错误 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> "(111: Connection refused) while reading response header from upstream" </td> 
 <td> 用户在连接成功后读取数据时，若遇到后端upstream挂掉或者不通，会收到该错误 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> "(111: Connection refused) while sending request to upstream" </td> 
 <td> Nginx和upstream连接成功后发送数据时，若遇到后端upstream挂掉或者不通，会收到该错误 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> "(110: Connection timed out) while connecting to upstream" </td> 
 <td> nginx连接后面的upstream时超时 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> "(110: Connection timed out) while reading upstream" </td> 
 <td> nginx读取来自upstream的响应时超时 &nbsp; </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> "(110: Connection timed out) while reading response header from upstream" </td> 
 <td> nginx读取来自upstream的响应头时超时 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> "(110: Connection timed out) while reading upstream" </td> 
 <td> nginx读取来自upstream的响应时超时 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> "(104: Connection reset by peer) while connecting to upstream" </td> 
 <td> upstream发送了RST，将连接重置 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> "upstream sent invalid header while reading response header from upstream" </td> 
 <td> upstream发送的响应头无效 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> "upstream sent no valid HTTP/1.0 header while reading response header from upstream" </td> 
 <td> upstream发送的响应头无效 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> "client intended to send too large body" </td> 
 <td> 用于设置允许接受的客户端请求内容的最大值，默认值是1M，client发送的body超过了设置值 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> "reopening logs" </td> 
 <td> 用户发送kill&nbsp;&nbsp;-USR1命令 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> "gracefully shutting down", </td> 
 <td> 用户发送kill&nbsp;&nbsp;-WINCH命令 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> "no servers are inside upstream" </td> 
 <td> upstream下未配置server </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> "no live upstreams while connecting to upstream" </td> 
 <td> upstream下的server全都挂了 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> "SSL_do_handshake() failed" </td> 
 <td> SSL握手失败 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> "SSL_write() failed (SSL:) while sending to client" </td> 
 <td> &nbsp; </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> "(13: Permission denied) while reading upstream" </td> 
 <td> &nbsp; </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> "(98: Address already in use) while connecting to upstream" </td> 
 <td> &nbsp; </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> "(99: Cannot assign requested address) while connecting to upstream" </td> 
 <td> &nbsp; </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> "ngx_slab_alloc() failed: no memory in SSL session shared cache" </td> 
 <td> ssl_session_cache大小不够等原因造成 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> "could not add new SSL session to the session cache while SSL handshaking" </td> 
 <td> ssl_session_cache大小不够等原因造成 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> "send() failed (111: Connection refused)" </td> 
 <td> &nbsp; </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## ##

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/DjangoBlog/p/5482742.html

[https_hello.cj.com_XX_PaymentResult.htm]: https://cashier.alipay.com/XX/PaymentResult.htm?payNo=XX&outBizNo=2012XX