SpringBoot从入门到精通教程（八）- 多环境配置文件用法

柔情只为你懂 2021-12-04 02:53 270阅读 0赞

# 需求背景 #

> 在没有使用配置中心的情况下，其实默认在Springboot2框架中，是支持了多个配置文件，允许在不同环境下切换的了，可以去结合Jenkins/Docker来使用（这部分内容后续会更新）

# 准备内容 #

1. 准备两个Mysql实例，db1和db2

2. 两份[数据库初始化init.sql脚本内容][init.sql]（或[Docker安装MySQL数据库][Docker_MySQL]）

db1-init.sql

-- for db1
    
    drop table city;
    
    CREATE TABLE `city` (
      `id` int(11) NOT NULL primary key,
      `name` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
      `state` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
      `country` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    
    INSERT INTO `city` (`id`, `name`, `state`, `country`)
    VALUES
    	(1, '广州11', 'GZ11', 'CH11'),
    	(2, '北京12', 'BJ12', 'CH12'),
    	(3, '深圳13', 'SZ13', 'CH13');

db2-init.sql

-- for db2
    
    drop table city;
    
    CREATE TABLE `city` (
      `id` int(11) NOT NULL primary key,
      `name` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
      `state` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
      `country` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    
    INSERT INTO `city` (`id`, `name`, `state`, `country`)
    VALUES
    	(4, '广州14', 'GZ14', 'CH14'),
    	(5, '北京15', 'BJ15', 'CH15'),
    	(6, '深圳16', 'SZ16', 'CH16');

# 代码演示 #

此项目目录结构（本项目是在[此教程（Mysql和Mybatis+XML用法详解）][Mysql_Mybatis_XML]基础上改造而来）：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9oZW1pbi5ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

主要核心代码如下：

**1. 三个application.yml文件**

application.yml

# 不同的环境使用不同的配置，通过指定启动参数使用不同的profile和配置文件，比如：
    # 开发环境：java -jar xxx.jar --spring.profiles.active=dev
    # 生产环境：java -jar xxx.jar --spring.profiles.active=prod
    spring:
       profiles:
          active: dev
          
    # tomcat
    server:
       port: 9090
       
    # mybatis
    mybatis:
       config-location: classpath:mybatis-config.xml
       
    # logging
    logging:
       config: classpath:logback-${spring.profiles.active}.xml

开发/测试环境：application-dev.yml（如果要用到[多数据源用法，则参考spring-boot2-mysql-multi-datasource项目][spring-boot2-mysql-multi-datasource]）

spring:
       datasource:
          driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
          url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.0.1:3306/db1?useUnicode=true&autoReconnect=true&allowMultiQueries=true&useSSL=false
          username: root
          password: 123456

生产环境：application-prod.yml

spring:
       datasource:
          driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
          url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.0.1:3306/db2?useUnicode=true&autoReconnect=true&allowMultiQueries=true&useSSL=false
          username: root
          password: 123456

**2. logback.xml日志配置文件**

开发/测试环境：logback-dev.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <configuration>
    	
    	<appender name="STDOUT"
    		class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
    		<encoder>
    			<pattern>%d [%t] [%c] [%p] (%file:%line\)- %m%n</pattern>
    			<charset>UTF-8</charset>
    		</encoder>
    	</appender>
    	<appender name="baselog"
    		class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
    		<File>log/run.log</File>
    		<rollingPolicy
    			class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
    			<fileNamePattern>log/run.log.%d.%i</fileNamePattern>
    			<timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy
    				class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
    				
    				<maxFileSize>64 MB</maxFileSize>
    			</timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
    			
    			<maxHistory>7</maxHistory>
    		</rollingPolicy>
    		<encoder>
    			<pattern>
    				%d [%t] [%c] [%p] (%file:%line\)- %m%n
    			</pattern>
    			<charset>UTF-8</charset> 
    		</encoder>
    	</appender>
    	<root level="INFO">
    		<appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
    	</root>
    	<logger name="com.md" level="DEBUG">
    		<appender-ref ref="baselog" />
    	</logger>
    </configuration>

生产环境：logback-prod.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <configuration>
    	
    	<appender name="STDOUT"
    		class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
    		<encoder>
    			<pattern>%d [%t] [%c] [%p] (%file:%line\)- %m%n</pattern>
    			<charset>UTF-8</charset>
    		</encoder>
    	</appender>
    	<appender name="baselog"
    		class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
    		<File>log/run.log</File>
    		<rollingPolicy
    			class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
    			<fileNamePattern>log/run.log.%d.%i</fileNamePattern>
    			<timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy
    				class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
    				
    				<maxFileSize>64 MB</maxFileSize>
    			</timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
    			
    			<maxHistory>7</maxHistory>
    		</rollingPolicy>
    		<encoder>
    			<pattern>
    				%d [%t] [%c] [%p] (%file:%line\)- %m%n
    			</pattern>
    			<charset>UTF-8</charset> 
    		</encoder>
    	</appender>
    	
    	<root level="INFO">
    		<appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
    	</root>
    	<logger name="com.md" level="INFO">
    		<appender-ref ref="baselog" />
    	</logger>
    </configuration>

**3. 项目启动**

不同的环境使用不同的配置，通过指定启动参数使用不同的profile和配置文件，比如：  
**开发环境：java -jar xxx.jar --spring.profiles.active=dev  
生产环境：java -jar xxx.jar --spring.profiles.active=prod**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9oZW1pbi5ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

在启动日志中时，可以看得到具体是激活哪个配置了

**4. 验证功能**

分别启动访问同一个接口时 localhost:9090/listCities，可以看到数据已变化

dev环境时，访问db1库的数据：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9oZW1pbi5ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

日志也输出了debug内容：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9oZW1pbi5ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

而，prod环境时，访问db2库的数据：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9oZW1pbi5ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

日志只输出了info内容

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9oZW1pbi5ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

# 完整源码下载 #

我的[Github源码地址：][Github]

[https://github.com/hemin1003/spring-boot-study/tree/master/spring-boot2-study/spring-boot2-parent][Github]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9oZW1pbi5ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

# 下一章教程 #

[SpringBoot从入门到精通教程（九）- Docker集成+容器化部署详解/上篇][SpringBoot_- Docker]

# 该系列教程 #

[SpringBoot从入门到精通教程][SpringBoot]

至此，全部介绍就结束了

\------------------------------------------------------

[关于我][Link 1]（个人域名）

[我的开源项目集Github][Github 1]

期望和大家***一起学习，一起成长***，共勉，O(∩\_∩)O谢谢

欢迎交流问题，可加个人QQ 469580884，

或者，加我的群号 **751925591**，一起探讨交流问题

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![20180411181545874][]

如果觉得内容赞，您可以请我喝杯咖啡：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9oZW1pbi5ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]        ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9oZW1pbi5ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

[init.sql]: https://github.com/hemin1003/spring-boot-study/tree/master/spring-boot2-study/spring-boot2-parent/spring-boot2-multi-resources
[Docker_MySQL]: https://blog.csdn.net/hemin1003/article/details/52808736
[Mysql_Mybatis_XML]: https://blog.csdn.net/hemin1003/article/details/93123524
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9oZW1pbi5ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20211203/27c197cbcd014826b395060693df9e85.png
[spring-boot2-mysql-multi-datasource]: https://blog.csdn.net/hemin1003/article/details/94194400
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9oZW1pbi5ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20211203/44b8204c1efc4bef9904759524dfbd81.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9oZW1pbi5ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20211203/15ed16d112e848a4b0f610d074ad6597.png
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[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9oZW1pbi5ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: /images/20211203/82f22d29fb944ded922489fefe37f4e0.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9oZW1pbi5ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]: /images/20211203/2ea66f4495a84e79ba94a0962cfac602.png
[Github]: https://github.com/hemin1003/spring-boot-study/tree/master/spring-boot2-study/spring-boot2-parent
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9oZW1pbi5ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]: /images/20211203/77dc4bffbb5b4b81bcec57644ce9a393.png
[SpringBoot_- Docker]: https://blog.csdn.net/hemin1003/article/details/96483517
[SpringBoot]: https://hemin.blog.csdn.net/column/info/40170
[Link 1]: http://heminit.com/about/
[Github 1]: https://github.com/hemin1003
[20180411181545874]: /images/20211203/acac29c958e04d3aa3acf5db06ec62e8.png
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[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9oZW1pbi5ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190816110923699.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9oZW1pbi5ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70