mysql8.0离线安装（rpm包）

淩亂°似流年 2021-12-04 00:29 644阅读 0赞

# mysql 8.0离线安装教程 #

## 创建mysql用户及组 ##

[root@zbh ~]# groupadd mysql
    [root@zbh ~]# useradd -M  -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql

**创建存放软件包目录，并上传至此**

[root@zbh ~]# mkdir rpm_mysql8.0
    [root@zbh rpm_mysql8.0]# rz -E
    rz waiting to receive.
    [root@zbh rpm_mysql8.0]# ls
    libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm                mysql-community-common-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm  mysql-community-server-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    mysql-community-client-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm  mysql-community-libs-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

## 检查安装环境 ##

查看系统之前是否已安装MySQL

[root@zbh rpm_mysql8.0]# rpm -qa | grep mysql*

检查是否安装mariadb (我本次实验的centos7.5版本默认安装了mariadb,所以也需要卸载掉）

[root@zbh rpm_mysql8.0]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
    mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
    [root@zbh rpm_mysql8.0]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
    [root@zbh rpm_mysql8.0]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb

## 依次安装rpm包（一定要按顺序） ##

[root@zbh rpm_mysql8.0]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
    警告：mysql-community-common-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
    准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
    正在升级/安装...
       1:mysql-community-common-8.0.15-1.e################################# [100%]
    [root@zbh rpm_mysql8.0]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
    警告：mysql-community-libs-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
    准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
    正在升级/安装...
       1:mysql-community-libs-8.0.15-1.el7################################# [100%]
    [root@zbh rpm_mysql8.0]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
    警告：mysql-community-client-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
    准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
    正在升级/安装...
       1:mysql-community-client-8.0.15-1.e################################# [100%]
    [root@zbh rpm_mysql8.0]# rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm 
    准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
    	软件包 libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 已经安装
    [root@zbh rpm_mysql8.0]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
    警告：mysql-community-server-8.0.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
    准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
    正在升级/安装...
       1:mysql-community-server-8.0.15-1.e################################# [100%]

*安装libaio库时：（若在有网情况下可直接执行yum -y install libaio）*

## 初始化数据库 ##

[root@zbh rpm_mysql8.0]# mysql_install_db --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql            //如果报错 则按下面这条命令执行
    [root@zbh rpm_mysql8.0]# /usr/sbin/mysqld --initialize --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql

## 更改mysql数据库目录的所属用户及其所属组 ##

[root@zbh rpm_mysql8.0]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql

## 启动mysql 发现有密码 所以进行密码初始化 ##

[root@zbh rpm_mysql8.0]# systemctl start mysqld
    [root@zbh rpm_mysql8.0]# netstat -anpt |grep mysqld
    tcp6       0      0 :::33060                :::*                    LISTEN      16533/mysqld        
    tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      16533/mysqld        
    [root@zbh rpm_mysql8.0]# mysql
    ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

## 修改配置文件 ##

[root@zbh rpm_mysql8.0]# vim /etc/my.cnf
    skip-grant-tables   //在[mysqld]的段末尾添加此行

## 重启服务 ##

[root@zbh ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

## 登录并修改MySQL的root密码 ##

[root@zbh ~]# mysql
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    ...省略
    mysql> use mysql;
    
    mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'yourpasswd';
    ERROR 1396 (HY000): Operation ALTER USER failed for 'root'@'localhost'
    mysql>  alter user 'root'@'%' identified by 'yourpasswd';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
    
    mysql> flush privileges;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
    
    mysql> exit
    Bye

## 还原配置文件 ##

[root@zbh ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
    #skip-grant-tables   注释或删除，保存退出

## 再次重启服务 ##

[root@zbh ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

## 登陆验证 ##

[root@zbh ~]# mysql
    ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
    [root@zbh ~]# mysql -uroot -p
    Enter password:  输入yourpasswd，此处隐藏不显示
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    ...省略
    mysql>

## 最后分享几个配置项 ##

[root@zbh ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
    [mysqld]
    datadir=/var/lib/mysql
    socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
    log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
    pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
    #skip-grant-tables
    character_set_server = utf8mb4   //字符设置
    
    [mysql]
    auto-rehash 			//添加tab功能
    default-character-set = utf8mb4   //字符设置
    prompt="(\\u@\\h) [\\d] \\r:\\m:\\s> "    //时刻显示当前位置
    
    验证结果如下：
    [root@zbh ~]# mysql -uroot -p
    Enter password: 
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    ...省略
    (root@localhost) [(none)] 10:16:12> show databases;
    +--------------------+
    | Database           |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | mysql              |
    | performance_schema |
    | sys                |
    +--------------------+
    4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
    
    (root@localhost) [(none)] 10:16:29> use mysql;
    Reading table information for completion of table and column names
    You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
    
    Database changed
    (root@localhost) [mysql] 10:16:35> show tables;
    +---------------------------+
    | Tables_in_mysql           |
    +---------------------------+
    | columns_priv              |
    | component                 |
    | db                        |
    | default_roles             |
    | engine_cost               |
    | func                      |
    | general_log               |
    | global_grants             |
    | gtid_executed             |
    | help_category             |
    | help_keyword              |
    | help_relation             |
    | help_topic                |
    | innodb_index_stats        |
    | innodb_table_stats        |
    | password_history          |
    | plugin                    |
    | procs_priv                |
    | proxies_priv              |
    | role_edges                |
    | server_cost               |
    | servers                   |
    | slave_master_info         |
    | slave_relay_log_info      |
    | slave_worker_info         |
    | slow_log                  |
    | tables_priv               |
    | time_zone                 |
    | time_zone_leap_second     |
    | time_zone_name            |
    | time_zone_transition      |
    | time_zone_transition_type |
    | user                      |
    +---------------------------+
    33 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    (root@localhost) ==[mysql]== 10:16:41> select * from time_zone
    time_zone                                    time_zone_name.Name                          time_zone_transition_type.Abbreviation      
    time_zone.Time_zone_id                       time_zone_name.Time_zone_id                  time_zone_transition_type.Is_DST            
    time_zone.Use_leap_seconds                   time_zone_transition                         time_zone_transition_type.Offset            
    time_zone_leap_second                        time_zone_transition.Time_zone_id            time_zone_transition_type.Time_zone_id      
    time_zone_leap_second.Correction             time_zone_transition.Transition_time         time_zone_transition_type.Transition_type_id
    time_zone_leap_second.Transition_time        time_zone_transition.Transition_type_id     
    time_zone_name                               time_zone_transition_type                   
    (root@localhost) [mysql] 10:16:41> select * from time_zone