Mac下多版本pip共存

ゝ一纸荒年。 2021-11-23 16:04 507阅读 0赞

Mac下多版本pip共存

来自于官方的解释, pip是python包管理工具, 该工具提供了对python包的查找, 下载, 安装, 卸载等功能  
python第三方工具包多数依赖于pip进行安装, 如 Robot Framework, DB connect, Requests等.  
python3.x+ 以上版本默认都自带pip工具.

一. Mac os 是自带python  
默认安装python2.7

查看python版本:  
louie-mac:~ louiezhou$ python2 -V  
Python 2.7.11rc1

备注: 这里使用了python2 是因为安装了python2.x和 python3.x 两个版本共存

查看python安装位置:  
louie-mac:~ louiezhou$ which python2  
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python2

那Python2.7 下如何安装pip呢?   
$ sudo easy\_install pip   \#使用该command line 即可轻松安装

查看pip 安装版本:  
louie-mac:~ louiezhou$ pip2 -V  
pip 19.1 from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip (python 2.7)

查看pip下具体安装的工具包:  
louie-mac:~ louiezhou$ pip2 list  
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7.  
Package                                Version    
\-------------------------------------- ---------  
altgraph                               0.10.2     
aniso8601                              1.0.0      
apipkg                                 1.4        
Appium-Python-Client                   0.21       
asn1crypto                             0.24.0     
attrs                                  17.4.0     
Automat                                0.6.0  
......

二. python3 和pip3  
在python3里 pip是自带的无需安装, 也就是安装了python3 就会有pip工具包, 让我们来试下

python3 安装包官网https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-371/   
我是Mac os 选择的是macOS 64-bit installer, 下载后安装即可

安装完成后再来看下python3 版本:  
louie-mac:~ louiezhou$ python3 -V  
Python 3.3.5

查看安装路径:  
louie-mac:~ louiezhou$ which python3  
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/python3

查看pip3 版本:  
louie-mac:~ louiezhou$ pip3 -V  
pip 19.0.3 from /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)

查看pip3 安装路径:  
louie-mac:~ louiezhou$ which pip3  
/usr/local/bin/pip3

你会发现pip2 和 pip3 版本和路径已经完全不同了

正常情况下提示:python2 command not found, 推荐将路径增加到PATH中:  
\#python Set  
\# Setting PATH for Python 2.7  
\# The original version is saved in .bash\_profile.pysave  
export PATH="/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin:$\{PATH\}"

\# Setting PATH for Python 3.3  
\# The original version is saved in .bash\_profile.pysave  
export PATH="/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin:$\{PATH\}"

用pip3来安装一个工具包试试:  
louie-mac:site-packages louiezhou$ pip3 install pymysql  
Collecting pymysql  
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ed/39/15045ae46f2a123019aa968dfcba0396c161c20f855f11dea6796bcaae95/PyMySQL-0.9.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (47kB)  
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 51kB 418kB/s   
Installing collected packages: pymysql  
Successfully installed pymysql-0.9.3

查看是否安装成功:  
louie-mac:site-packages louiezhou$ pip3 list  
Package    Version  
\---------- -------  
numpy      1.16.4   
pip        19.0.3   
PyMySQL    0.9.3    
setuptools 40.8.0   
wheel      0.33.1

导入包看是否会报错:   
louie-mac:site-packages louiezhou$ python3  
Python 3.3.5 (v3.3.5:62cf4e77f785, Mar  9 2014, 01:12:57)   
\[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)\] on darwin  
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.  
>>> import pymysql  
>>>

以上没有报错信息.

获取帮助  
pip --help

升级 pip  
pip install -U pip

如果这个升级命令出现问题 ，可以使用以下命令：  
sudo easy\_install --upgrade pip

卸载包  
pip uninstall Django==1.7

查看可升级的包  
pip list -o

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