scrapy抓取知乎全部用户信息

骑猪看日落 2021-11-23 10:24 446阅读 0赞

先说一下核心思想，从一个大v开始，抓取他的关注和粉丝，然后再遍历这两个群体，再抓关注和粉丝，层层抓下去，就会覆盖知乎的所有用户。

好，让我们先分析分析知乎这个网站，提示一下知乎访问是需要一些请求头的，

DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36',
        'authorization': 'oauth c3cef7c66a1843f8b3a9e6a1e3160e20',
    }

以大v轮子哥为例：

1.获取一个用户的信息

我们在轮子哥的关注列表，用光标轻触用户的名字就可以得到该用户的信息

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxMDc2Nzk3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

相应的url是[https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/members/Yefeng7?include=allow\_message%2Cis\_followed%2Cis\_following%2Cis\_org%2Cis\_blocking%2Cemployments%2Canswer\_count%2Cfollower\_count%2Carticles\_count%2Cgender%2Cbadge%5B%3F(type%3Dbest\_answerer)%5D.topics][https_www.zhihu.com_api_v4_members_Yefeng7_include_allow_message_2Cis_followed_2Cis_following_2Cis_org_2Cis_blocking_2Cemployments_2Canswer_count_2Cfollower_count_2Carticles_count_2Cgender_2Cbadge_5B_3F_type_3Dbest_answerer_5D.topics]

![2019072616004121.png][]

2.再分析他关注的人吧

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxMDc2Nzk3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

可以看到，url为[https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/members/Talyer-Wei/followees?include=data%5B\*%5D.answer\_count%2Carticles\_count%2Cgender%2Cfollower\_count%2Cis\_followed%2Cis\_following%2Cbadge%5B%3F(type%3Dbest\_answerer)%5D.topics&offset=20&limit=20][https_www.zhihu.com_api_v4_members_Talyer-Wei_followees_include_data_5B_5D.answer_count_2Carticles_count_2Cgender_2Cfollower_count_2Cis_followed_2Cis_following_2Cbadge_5B_3F_type_3Dbest_answerer_5D.topics_offset_20_limit_20]，其返回json为

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxMDc2Nzk3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

这些都是他关注的人，也就是说我们可以从这个url获取他关注的人，我们注意到

![20190726155655101.png][] 意思是每一页显示20个，我们可以用offset来控制翻页。

3.粉丝

这个我就不分析了，和轮子哥关注的列表是一样的获取方法。

**全部代码：**

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    import json
    
    from scrapy import Spider, Request
    from zhihuuser.items import UserItem
    
    
    class ZhihuSpider(Spider):
        name = "zhihu"
        allowed_domains = ["www.zhihu.com"]
        #用户的详情页 这个是你触碰某个用户的名字时会返回的
        user_url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/members/{user}?include={include}'
        #用户的关注列表
        follows_url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/members/{user}/followees?include={include}&offset={offset}&limit={limit}'
        #粉丝列表
        followers_url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/members/{user}/followers?include={include}&offset={offset}&limit={limit}'
        start_user = 'excited-vczh'
        user_query = 'locations,employments,gender,educations,business,voteup_count,thanked_Count,follower_count,following_count,cover_url,following_topic_count,following_question_count,following_favlists_count,following_columns_count,answer_count,articles_count,pins_count,question_count,commercial_question_count,favorite_count,favorited_count,logs_count,marked_answers_count,marked_answers_text,message_thread_token,account_status,is_active,is_force_renamed,is_bind_sina,sina_weibo_url,sina_weibo_name,show_sina_weibo,is_blocking,is_blocked,is_following,is_followed,mutual_followees_count,vote_to_count,vote_from_count,thank_to_count,thank_from_count,thanked_count,description,hosted_live_count,participated_live_count,allow_message,industry_category,org_name,org_homepage,badge[?(type=best_answerer)].topics'
        follows_query = 'data[*].answer_count,articles_count,gender,follower_count,is_followed,is_following,badge[?(type=best_answerer)].topics'
        followers_query = 'data[*].answer_count,articles_count,gender,follower_count,is_followed,is_following,badge[?(type=best_answerer)].topics'
    
        def start_requests(self):
            yield Request(self.user_url.format(user=self.start_user, include=self.user_query), self.parse_user)
            yield Request(self.follows_url.format(user=self.start_user, include=self.follows_query, limit=20, offset=0),
                          self.parse_follows)
            yield Request(self.followers_url.format(user=self.start_user, include=self.followers_query, limit=20, offset=0),
                          self.parse_followers)
    
        def parse_user(self, response):
            result = json.loads(response.text)
            item = UserItem()
    
            for field in item.fields:
                if field in result.keys():
                    item[field] = result.get(field)
            yield item
    
            yield Request(
                self.follows_url.format(user=result.get('url_token'), include=self.follows_query, limit=20, offset=0),
                self.parse_follows)
    
            yield Request(
                self.followers_url.format(user=result.get('url_token'), include=self.followers_query, limit=20, offset=0),
                self.parse_followers)
    
        def parse_follows(self, response):
            results = json.loads(response.text)
    
            if 'data' in results.keys():
                for result in results.get('data'):
                    yield Request(self.user_url.format(user=result.get('url_token'), include=self.user_query),
                                  self.parse_user)
    
            if 'paging' in results.keys() and results.get('paging').get('is_end') == False:
                next_page = results.get('paging').get('next')
                yield Request(next_page,
                              self.parse_follows)
    
        def parse_followers(self, response):
            results = json.loads(response.text)
    
            if 'data' in results.keys():
                for result in results.get('data'):
                    yield Request(self.user_url.format(user=result.get('url_token'), include=self.user_query),
                                  self.parse_user)
    
            if 'paging' in results.keys() and results.get('paging').get('is_end') == False:
                next_page = results.get('paging').get('next')
                yield Request(next_page,
                              self.parse_followers)

我主要想分析一下运行流程。

首先，start\_requests函数执行，发出第一个request，即请求轮子哥的用户详情，然后回调到parse\_user函数，返回轮子哥的信息，然后接着start\_requests再发送request请求，是请求轮子哥的关注列表的，回调parse\_follows函数，请求第一个关注者的详细信息，好了，这里生成了1个新的request请求，姑且称为请求x，请求内容就是以关注列表的第一个人的url\_token为唯一标识请求该用户的详细信息。

def parse_user(self, response):
            result = json.loads(response.text)
            item = UserItem()
    
            for field in item.fields:
                if field in result.keys():
                    item[field] = result.get(field)
            yield item

返回了这个关注的人的个人信息，然后发起另一个request

yield Request(
                self.follows_url.format(user=result.get('url_token'), include=self.follows_query, limit=20, offset=0),
                self.parse_follows)

是请求这个人的关注的人，简称为小明。

然后开始循环这个过程，继续请求这个小明的关注的人的详细信息，

循环往复直到x请求的for循环完毕，然后开始执行粉丝：

yield Request(self.followers_url.format(user=self.start_user, include=self.followers_query, limit=20, offset=0),
                          self.parse_followers)

这个过程和关注的人走的是一样的流程，就好比深度优先搜索，一条路走到黑然后再横向遍历。

最终覆盖所有人（不包括零粉丝零关注的人）。

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxMDc2Nzk3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20211122/8b1cddc1107a467f9a5f5e0b10f722ee.png
[https_www.zhihu.com_api_v4_members_Yefeng7_include_allow_message_2Cis_followed_2Cis_following_2Cis_org_2Cis_blocking_2Cemployments_2Canswer_count_2Cfollower_count_2Carticles_count_2Cgender_2Cbadge_5B_3F_type_3Dbest_answerer_5D.topics]: https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/members/Yefeng7?include=allow_message%2Cis_followed%2Cis_following%2Cis_org%2Cis_blocking%2Cemployments%2Canswer_count%2Cfollower_count%2Carticles_count%2Cgender%2Cbadge%5B%3F%28type%3Dbest_answerer%29%5D.topics
[2019072616004121.png]: /images/20211122/c748dc1fb1784a7fab2f13b17fe568fd.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxMDc2Nzk3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20211122/7d8e31d2a23845128c79f572ac81c136.png
[https_www.zhihu.com_api_v4_members_Talyer-Wei_followees_include_data_5B_5D.answer_count_2Carticles_count_2Cgender_2Cfollower_count_2Cis_followed_2Cis_following_2Cbadge_5B_3F_type_3Dbest_answerer_5D.topics_offset_20_limit_20]: https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/members/Talyer-Wei/followees?include=data%5B*%5D.answer_count%2Carticles_count%2Cgender%2Cfollower_count%2Cis_followed%2Cis_following%2Cbadge%5B%3F%28type%3Dbest_answerer%29%5D.topics&offset=20&limit=20
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxMDc2Nzk3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20211122/176557627f4048a0b2a3ef0665b1e89b.png
[20190726155655101.png]: /images/20211122/013bd939344a4a578b1efc3df7346446.png