【ALV】关于ALV

Myth丶恋晨 2021-11-22 15:50 389阅读 0赞

### 在传统的ABAP中，ALV是一个十分常见并常用的工作，用以以table(非Dialog中的table control)的形式显示展示数据。ALV也是ABAP中使用与讨论最为广泛的技术之一，无论是传统的使用FM实现ALV、使用EnjoySAP ALV Grid control还是WebDynpro中的SALV\_WD\_TABLE component的使用。 ###

ALV本身带有相当多的功能或者特性。本文仅将记录使用FM实现ALV的一些常见的FM或功能，而关于EnjoySAP ALV Grid control后面还将有专门的总结（关于EnjoySAP control以及CFW），而WebDynpro版本的ALV已在WebDynpro案例集中有太多的案例相关。

## (1) REUSE\_ALV\_FIELDCATALOG\_MERGE获得显示用的fields ##

这里，非常重要：

### 1. Reuse\_alv\_fieldcatalog\_merge的参数： ###

如果是SE11中定义的structure，那么，我们只需要传I\_PROGRAM\_NAME和I\_STRUCTURE\_NAME＝ ‘STR\_MARD’ 即可。

如果结构是我们自己在程序中定义的（如下例），那么，必须传入I\_PROGRAM\_NAME和I\_INTERNAL\_TABNAME以及I\_INCLNAM。同时，这里的I\_INTERNAL\_TABNAME必须是定义为occurs <n>之类的内表结构。

### **2. ****在于****ALV ****显示时的****field catalog** ###

如果我们不使用上面的FM，我们也可以直接在最后alv display的FM中传入I\_STRUCTURE\_NAME。

<table style="font-family:Georgia, 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> 
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 <td style="font-family:Georgia, 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">*&amp;———————————————————————**&amp; Report&nbsp;ZTEST_ALV_1&nbsp;**&amp;&nbsp;**&amp;———————————————————————**&amp;&nbsp;Test ALV&nbsp;**&amp;&nbsp;**&amp;———————————————————————*REPORT&nbsp;ZTEST_ALV_1&nbsp;.type-pools:SLIS.*—————————————————————-* data*—————————————————————-DATA: BEGIN OF T_DATA occurs 0,MATNR LIKE MARD-MATNR,WERKS LIKE MARD-WERKS,LGORT LIKE MARD-LGORT,LVORM LIKE MARD-LVORM,LABST LIKE MARD-LABST,INSME LIKE MARD-INSME,END OF T_DATA.data: ls_alv like t_data,lt_alv like standard table of t_data.“非常重要：这里lt_alv必须定义为&nbsp;like table of&nbsp;上面的t_data。可能有疑问了，上面的occur 0不就是定义了一个内表了吗，为什么这里还需要是table of t_data才是内表呢？这是因为，occurs &lt;n&gt;声明的内表，如果用在定义上，它是相当于一个structure的。data: ls_fieldcat&nbsp;type slis_fieldcat_alv,lt_fieldcat&nbsp;type SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV.*—————————————————————-* Start-of-selection*—————————————————————-start-of-selection.*1. retrive dataselect * from MARD into corresponding fields of table lt_alv “或者t_dataup to 20 rows.*2. form the field categoryCALL FUNCTION ‘REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE’EXPORTINGI_PROGRAM_NAME&nbsp;= ‘ZTEST_ALV_1′I_INTERNAL_TABNAME&nbsp;= ‘T_DATA’*&nbsp;I_STRUCTURE_NAME&nbsp;=*&nbsp;I_CLIENT_NEVER_DISPLAY&nbsp;= ‘X’I_INCLNAME&nbsp;= ‘ZTEST_ALV_1′*&nbsp;I_BYPASSING_BUFFER&nbsp;=*&nbsp;I_BUFFER_ACTIVE&nbsp;=CHANGINGCT_FIELDCAT&nbsp;= lt_fieldcatEXCEPTIONSINCONSISTENT_INTERFACE&nbsp;= 1PROGRAM_ERROR&nbsp;= 2OTHERS&nbsp;= 3.IF SY-SUBRC &lt;&gt; 0 or lt_fieldcat is initial.write:/ ‘ALV Fieldcatalog: Failed!’.return.ENDIF.*3. open the ALVCALL FUNCTION ‘REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY’EXPORTING*&nbsp;I_INTERFACE_CHECK&nbsp;= ‘ ‘*&nbsp;I_BYPASSING_BUFFER&nbsp;=*&nbsp;I_BUFFER_ACTIVE&nbsp;= ‘ ‘*&nbsp;I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM&nbsp;= ‘ ‘*&nbsp;I_CALLBACK_PF_STATUS_SET&nbsp;= ‘ ‘*&nbsp;I_CALLBACK_USER_COMMAND&nbsp;= ‘ ‘” I_STRUCTURE_NAME&nbsp;= ‘TYP_DATA’*&nbsp;IS_LAYOUT&nbsp;=IT_FIELDCAT&nbsp;= lt_fieldcat*&nbsp;IT_EXCLUDING&nbsp;=*&nbsp;IT_SPECIAL_GROUPS&nbsp;=*&nbsp;IT_SORT&nbsp;=*&nbsp;IT_FILTER&nbsp;=*&nbsp;IS_SEL_HIDE&nbsp;=*&nbsp;I_DEFAULT&nbsp;= ‘X’*&nbsp;I_SAVE&nbsp;= ‘ ‘*&nbsp;IS_VARIANT&nbsp;=*&nbsp;IT_EVENTS&nbsp;=*&nbsp;IT_EVENT_EXIT&nbsp;=*&nbsp;IS_PRINT&nbsp;=*&nbsp;IS_REPREP_ID&nbsp;=*&nbsp;I_SCREEN_START_COLUMN&nbsp;= 0*&nbsp;I_SCREEN_START_LINE&nbsp;= 0*&nbsp;I_SCREEN_END_COLUMN&nbsp;= 0*&nbsp;I_SCREEN_END_LINE&nbsp;= 0*&nbsp;IMPORTING*&nbsp;E_EXIT_CAUSED_BY_CALLER&nbsp;=*&nbsp;ES_EXIT_CAUSED_BY_USER&nbsp;=TABLEST_OUTTAB&nbsp;= lt_alv*&nbsp;EXCEPTIONS*&nbsp;PROGRAM_ERROR&nbsp;= 1*&nbsp;OTHERS&nbsp;= 2.IF SY-SUBRC &lt;&gt; 0.write:/ ‘ALV Display: Failed!’.return.ENDIF.</td> 
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## (2) REUSE\_ALV\_COMMENTARY\_WRITE显示header部分 ##

这里，非常重要：

### **1. ****如果是使用****reuse\_alv\_grid\_display****：** ###

那么，如下面所示，对于grid它有一个参数i\_callback\_top\_of\_page,可以将实现top-of-page的form名传入。

### **2. ****如果是使用****reuse\_alv\_list\_display****：** ###

那么，它不同于grid有一个参数i\_callback\_top\_of\_page；所以，必须要自己将event设置好，作为一个参数传入list\_dispaly中。如下所示：

<table style="font-family:Georgia, 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> 
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 <td style="font-family:Georgia, 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">*&amp;———————————————————————**&amp; Report&nbsp;ZTEST_ALV_2&nbsp;**&amp;&nbsp;**&amp;———————————————————————**&amp;&nbsp;**&amp;&nbsp;**&amp;———————————————————————*REPORT&nbsp;ZTEST_ALV_2&nbsp;.type-pools:SLIS.*—————————————————————-* data*—————————————————————-DATA: BEGIN OF T_DATA occurs 0,MATNR LIKE MARD-MATNR,WERKS LIKE MARD-WERKS,LGORT LIKE MARD-LGORT,LVORM LIKE MARD-LVORM,LABST LIKE MARD-LABST,INSME LIKE MARD-INSME,END OF T_DATA.data: ls_alv like t_data,lt_alv like standard table of t_data.data: ls_fieldcat&nbsp;type slis_fieldcat_alv,lt_fieldcat&nbsp;type SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV.*for ALV Commentary headingdata: ls_header&nbsp;type&nbsp;slis_listheader,lt_header&nbsp;type&nbsp;SLIS_T_LISTHEADER.*for ALV eventdata: ls_event&nbsp;type slis_alv_event,lt_event&nbsp;type SLIS_T_EVENT.*—————————————————————-* Start-of-selection*—————————————————————-start-of-selection.*1. retrive dataselect * from MARD into corresponding fields of table lt_alvup to 20 rows.*2. form the field categoryCALL FUNCTION ‘REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE’EXPORTINGI_PROGRAM_NAME&nbsp;= sy-repidI_INTERNAL_TABNAME&nbsp;= ‘T_DATA’*&nbsp;I_STRUCTURE_NAME&nbsp;=*&nbsp;I_CLIENT_NEVER_DISPLAY&nbsp;= ‘X’I_INCLNAME&nbsp;= sy-repid*&nbsp;I_BYPASSING_BUFFER&nbsp;=*&nbsp;I_BUFFER_ACTIVE&nbsp;=CHANGINGCT_FIELDCAT&nbsp;= lt_fieldcatEXCEPTIONSINCONSISTENT_INTERFACE&nbsp;= 1PROGRAM_ERROR&nbsp;= 2OTHERS&nbsp;= 3.IF SY-SUBRC &lt;&gt; 0 or lt_fieldcat is initial.write:/ ‘ALV Fieldcatalog: Failed!’.return.ENDIF.*3. form eventsCALL FUNCTION ‘REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET’EXPORTINGI_LIST_TYPE&nbsp;= 0IMPORTINGET_EVENTS&nbsp;=&nbsp;lt_eventEXCEPTIONSLIST_TYPE_WRONG&nbsp;= 1OTHERS&nbsp;= 2.if sy-subrc = 0.loop at lt_event into ls_event.if ls_event-name = ‘TOP_OF_PAGE’.”实现top-of-pagels_event-form = ‘FRM_TOP_PAGE’.MODIFY lt_event from ls_event index sy-tabix.endif.endloop.endif.*4. open the ALVCALL FUNCTION ‘REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY’EXPORTING*&nbsp;I_INTERFACE_CHECK&nbsp;= ‘ ‘*&nbsp;I_BYPASSING_BUFFER&nbsp;=*&nbsp;I_BUFFER_ACTIVE&nbsp;= ‘ ‘I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM&nbsp;= sy-repid*&nbsp;I_CALLBACK_PF_STATUS_SET&nbsp;= ‘ ‘*&nbsp;I_CALLBACK_USER_COMMAND&nbsp;= ‘ ‘*&nbsp;I_STRUCTURE_NAME&nbsp;= ‘TYP_DATA’*&nbsp;IS_LAYOUT&nbsp;=IT_FIELDCAT&nbsp;= lt_fieldcat*&nbsp;IT_EXCLUDING&nbsp;=*&nbsp;IT_SPECIAL_GROUPS&nbsp;=*&nbsp;IT_SORT&nbsp;=*&nbsp;IT_FILTER&nbsp;=*&nbsp;IS_SEL_HIDE&nbsp;=*&nbsp;I_DEFAULT&nbsp;= ‘X’*&nbsp;I_SAVE&nbsp;= ‘ ‘*&nbsp;IS_VARIANT&nbsp;=IT_EVENTS&nbsp;= lt_event*&nbsp;IT_EVENT_EXIT&nbsp;=*&nbsp;IS_PRINT&nbsp;=*&nbsp;IS_REPREP_ID&nbsp;=*&nbsp;I_SCREEN_START_COLUMN&nbsp;= 0*&nbsp;I_SCREEN_START_LINE&nbsp;= 0*&nbsp;I_SCREEN_END_COLUMN&nbsp;= 0*&nbsp;I_SCREEN_END_LINE&nbsp;= 0*&nbsp;IMPORTING*&nbsp;E_EXIT_CAUSED_BY_CALLER&nbsp;=*&nbsp;ES_EXIT_CAUSED_BY_USER&nbsp;=TABLEST_OUTTAB&nbsp;= lt_alv*&nbsp;EXCEPTIONS*&nbsp;PROGRAM_ERROR&nbsp;= 1*&nbsp;OTHERS&nbsp;= 2.IF SY-SUBRC &lt;&gt; 0.write:/ ‘ALV Display: Failed!’.return.ENDIF.*—————————————————————-* Form: Top-of-page*—————————————————————-form frm_top_page.* set the top-of-pagels_header-typ = ‘H’.ls_header-key&nbsp;= ”.ls_header-info = ‘The Header of ALV’.append ls_header to lt_header.ls_header-typ = ‘S’.ls_header-key&nbsp;= ‘Key 1:’.ls_header-info = ‘Material Number’.append ls_header to lt_header.ls_header-typ = ‘S’.ls_header-key&nbsp;= ‘Key 2:’.ls_header-info = ‘Plant Number’.append ls_header to lt_header.ls_header-typ = ‘A’.ls_header-key&nbsp;= ‘ ‘.ls_header-info = ‘Action’.append ls_header to lt_header.CALL FUNCTION ‘REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE’EXPORTINGIT_LIST_COMMENTARY&nbsp;= lt_header*&nbsp;I_LOGO&nbsp;=*&nbsp;I_END_OF_LIST_GRID&nbsp;=.endform.</td> 
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执行效果：

![222][]

## (3) 使用layout： 如隔行不同颜色，单元格长度最优，window的title ##

## (4) 修改category，设定KEY 值或进行合计 ##

## (5)使用pf status和User command ##

## (6) ALV前面一列设置为 选择框或checkbox ##

有时候我们需要将ALV表现成SAP标准那样：头一column是一个类似于checkbox的选择按纽。

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/andyfurong/archive/2010/12/07/1898644.html

[222]: /images/20211122/e31b8524b9214053b79abe364875bfb9.png