Apache POI 读写 Microsoft Office：Word、PPT、Excel

蔚落 2021-11-17 17:26 467阅读 0赞

**目录**

Apache POI 概述与下载

HSLF and XSLF 操作 PPT

HSSF and XSSF 操作 Excel

XWPF 操作 Word 文档

--------------------

# Apache POI 概述与下载 #

1、Apache POI 是用 Java 编写的免费开源跨平台的 Java API，提供对 Microsoft Office 格式文档读和写的功能。

2、web 开发中，有一个经典的功能，就是数据的导入导出，特别是数据的导出，在生产管理或者财务系统中用的非常普遍，因为这些系统经常要做一些报表打印的工作，而数据导出的格式一般是 EXCEL 或者 PDF。

3、主流操作 Excel 文件的开源工具有很多，用得比较多的就是 Apache POI 与 JExcel API。

4、Apache POI 是 Apache 的顶级项目，主页地址：[https://poi.apache.org][https_poi.apache.org]，本文以[最新的 4.1.0 版本][4.1.0]作为介绍。

5、所有版本的二进制包下载地址：[https://archive.apache.org/dist/poi/release/bin/][https_archive.apache.org_dist_poi_release_bin]

6、并非每种格式都需要所有的 jar 包，针对不同的文件格式，POI 提供了不同的 Jar 包，下表显示了 POI 组件、Maven 存储库标记和项目的 JAR 文件之间的关系:

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <th colspan="1" style="width:176px;">Component</th> 
 <th colspan="1" style="width:260px;">Application type</th> 
 <th colspan="1">Maven artifactId</th> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:176px;"><a href="https://poi.apache.org/components/poifs/index.html" rel="nofollow">POIFS</a></td> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:260px;">OLE2 Filesystem</td> 
 <td colspan="1">poi</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:176px;"><a href="https://poi.apache.org/components/hpsf/index.html" rel="nofollow">HPSF</a></td> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:260px;">OLE2 Property Sets</td> 
 <td colspan="1">poi</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:176px;"><a href="https://poi.apache.org/components/spreadsheet/" rel="nofollow">HSSF</a></td> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:260px;">Excel XLS</td> 
 <td colspan="1">poi</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:176px;"><a href="https://poi.apache.org/components/slideshow/" rel="nofollow">HSLF</a></td> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:260px;">PowerPoint PPT</td> 
 <td colspan="1">poi-scratchpad</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:176px;"><a href="https://poi.apache.org/components/document/" rel="nofollow">HWPF</a></td> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:260px;">Word DOC</td> 
 <td colspan="1">poi-scratchpad</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:176px;"><a href="https://poi.apache.org/components/diagram/index.html" rel="nofollow">HDGF</a></td> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:260px;">Visio VSD</td> 
 <td colspan="1">poi-scratchpad</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:176px;"><a href="https://poi.apache.org/components/hpbf/index.html" rel="nofollow">HPBF</a></td> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:260px;">Publisher PUB</td> 
 <td colspan="1">poi-scratchpad</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:176px;"><a href="https://poi.apache.org/components/hsmf/index.html" rel="nofollow">HSMF</a></td> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:260px;">Outlook MSG</td> 
 <td colspan="1">poi-scratchpad</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:176px;">DDF</td> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:260px;">Escher common drawings</td> 
 <td colspan="1">poi</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:176px;">HWMF</td> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:260px;">WMF drawings</td> 
 <td colspan="1">poi-scratchpad</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:176px;"><a href="https://poi.apache.org/components/oxml4j/index.html" rel="nofollow">OpenXML4J</a></td> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:260px;">OOXML</td> 
 <td colspan="1">poi-ooxml plus either poi-ooxml-schemas or ooxml-schemas and ooxml-security</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:176px;"><a href="https://poi.apache.org/components/spreadsheet/" rel="nofollow">XSSF</a></td> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:260px;">Excel XLSX</td> 
 <td colspan="1">poi-ooxml</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:176px;"><a href="https://poi.apache.org/components/slideshow/" rel="nofollow">XSLF</a></td> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:260px;">PowerPoint PPTX</td> 
 <td colspan="1">poi-ooxml</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:176px;"><a href="https://poi.apache.org/components/document/" rel="nofollow">XWPF</a></td> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:260px;">Word DOCX</td> 
 <td colspan="1">poi-ooxml</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:176px;"><a href="https://poi.apache.org/components/diagram/index.html" rel="nofollow">XDGF</a></td> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:260px;">Visio VSDX</td> 
 <td colspan="1">poi-ooxml</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:176px;"><a href="https://poi.apache.org/components/slideshow/index.html" rel="nofollow">Common SL</a></td> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:260px;">PowerPoint PPT and PPTX</td> 
 <td colspan="1">poi-scratchpad and poi-ooxml</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:176px;"><a href="https://poi.apache.org/components/spreadsheet/" rel="nofollow">Common SS</a></td> 
 <td colspan="1" style="width:260px;">Excel XLS and XLSX</td> 
 <td colspan="1">poi-ooxml</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <th colspan="1">Maven artifactId</th> 
 <th colspan="1">Prerequisites(先决条件)</th> 
 <th colspan="1">JAR</th> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="1">poi</td> 
 <td colspan="1"><a href="https://search.maven.org/#artifactdetails%7Ccommons-logging%7Ccommons-logging%7C1.2%7Cjar" rel="nofollow">commons-logging</a>, <a href="https://search.maven.org/#artifactdetails%7Ccommons-codec%7Ccommons-codec%7C1.12%7Cjar" rel="nofollow">commons-codec</a>, <a href="https://search.maven.org/#artifactdetails%7Corg.apache.commons%7Ccommons-collections4%7C4.3%7Cjar" rel="nofollow">commons-collections</a> (since POI 3.15 beta 3), <a href="https://search.maven.org/#artifactdetails%7Corg.apache.commons%7Ccommons-math3%7C3.6.1%7Cjar" rel="nofollow">commons-math</a> (since POI 4.0.0), <a href="https://search.maven.org/#artifactdetails%7Clog4j%7Clog4j%7C1.2.17%7Cbundle" rel="nofollow">log4j</a></td> 
 <td colspan="1">poi-version-yyyymmdd.jar</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="1">poi-scratchpad</td> 
 <td colspan="1"><a href="https://search.maven.org/#search%7Cgav%7C1%7Cg:org.apache.poi%20AND%20a:poi" rel="nofollow">poi</a></td> 
 <td colspan="1">poi-scratchpad-version-yyyymmdd.jar</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="1">poi-ooxml</td> 
 <td colspan="1"><a href="https://search.maven.org/#search%7Cgav%7C1%7Cg:org.apache.poi%20AND%20a:poi" rel="nofollow">poi</a>, <a href="https://search.maven.org/#search%7Cgav%7C1%7Cg:org.apache.poi%20AND%20a:poi-ooxml-schemas" rel="nofollow">poi-ooxml-schemas</a>, <a href="https://search.maven.org/#artifactdetails%7Corg.apache.commons%7Ccommons-compress%7C1.18%7Cjar" rel="nofollow">commons-compress</a> (since POI 4.0.0) For SVG support: <a href="https://search.maven.org/#search%7Cgav%7C1%7Cg:org.apache.xmlgraphics%20AND%20a:batik-all" rel="nofollow">batik-all</a>, <a href="https://search.maven.org/#search%7Cgav%7C1%7Cg:xml-apis%20AND%20a:xml-apis-ext" rel="nofollow">xml-apis-ext</a>, <a href="https://search.maven.org/#search%7Cgav%7C1%7Cg:org.apache.xmlgraphics%20AND%20a:xmlgraphics-commons" rel="nofollow">xmlgraphics-commons</a></td> 
 <td colspan="1">poi-ooxml-version-yyyymmdd.jar</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="1">poi-ooxml-schemas</td> 
 <td colspan="1"><a href="https://search.maven.org/#artifactdetails%7Corg.apache.xmlbeans%7Cxmlbeans%7C3.1.0%7Cjar" rel="nofollow">xmlbeans</a></td> 
 <td colspan="1">poi-ooxml-schemas-version-yyyymmdd.jar</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="1">poi-examples</td> 
 <td colspan="1"><a href="https://search.maven.org/#search%7Cgav%7C1%7Cg:org.apache.poi%20AND%20a:poi" rel="nofollow">poi</a>, <a href="https://search.maven.org/#search%7Cgav%7C1%7Cg:org.apache.poi%20AND%20a:poi-scratchpad" rel="nofollow">poi-scratchpad</a>, <a href="https://search.maven.org/#search%7Cgav%7C1%7Cg:org.apache.poi%20AND%20a:poi-ooxml" rel="nofollow">poi-ooxml</a></td> 
 <td colspan="1">poi-examples-version-yyyymmdd.jar</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="1">ooxml-schemas</td> 
 <td colspan="1"><a href="https://search.maven.org/#artifactdetails%7Corg.apache.xmlbeans%7Cxmlbeans%7C3.1.0%7Cjar" rel="nofollow">xmlbeans</a></td> 
 <td colspan="1"><a href="https://search.maven.org/#artifactdetails%7Corg.apache.poi%7Cooxml-schemas%7C1.4%7Cjar" rel="nofollow">ooxml-schemas-1.4.jar</a></td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="1">ooxml-security</td> 
 <td colspan="1"><a href="https://search.maven.org/#artifactdetails%7Corg.apache.xmlbeans%7Cxmlbeans%7C3.1.0%7Cjar" rel="nofollow">xmlbeans</a> For signing: <a href="https://search.maven.org/#artifactdetails%7Corg.bouncycastle%7Cbcpkix-jdk15on%7C1.61%7Cjar" rel="nofollow">bcpkix-jdk15on</a>, <a href="https://search.maven.org/#artifactdetails%7Corg.bouncycastle%7Cbcprov-jdk15on%7C1.61%7Cjar" rel="nofollow">bcprov-jdk15on</a>, <a href="https://search.maven.org/#artifactdetails%7Corg.apache.santuario%7Cxmlsec%7C2.1.2%7Cbundle" rel="nofollow">xmlsec</a>, <a href="https://search.maven.org/#artifactdetails%7Corg.slf4j%7Cslf4j-api%7C1.7.26%7Cjar" rel="nofollow">slf4j-api</a></td> 
 <td colspan="1"><a href="https://search.maven.org/#artifactdetails%7Corg.apache.poi%7Cooxml-security%7C1.1%7Cjar" rel="nofollow">ooxml-security-1.1.jar</a></td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="3"> org.apache.poi 可以直接从官网获取：<a href="https://poi.apache.org/components/index.html" rel="nofollow">https://poi.apache.org/components/index.html</a> POI Maven 依赖也可以从 Maven 中央仓库获取：<a href="https://mvnrepository.com/search?q=apache+poi" rel="nofollow">https://mvnrepository.com/search?q=apache+poi</a> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

7、如果手动导包的方式，则可以从官网下载二进制 jar 包，如下所示，根据需要操作文档类型，导入合适的 jar 即可（lib、ooxml-lib 目录下是依赖包）：

![20190731084034968.gif][]

8、推荐使用 Maven 依赖，上面表格中已经很清楚了，操作什么类型的文档，则导入什么依赖；

<dependency>
 <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
 <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
 <version>4.1.0</version>
 </dependency>
 
 
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
 <artifactId>poi-scratchpad</artifactId>
 <version>4.1.0</version>
 </dependency>

poi-ooxml 基本依赖了其它的组件，所以推荐导入 poi-ooxml 与 poi-scratchpad 即可：

![20190731084137932.gif][]

9、不需要重复的造轮子，官网已经提供了详细的示例可以参考学习：

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td> 如果二进制 jar 包方式，则里面提供了一个 poi-examples-xxxx.jar 包 如果是 Maven 工程，则可以使用 poi-examples 也可以直接在线获取：<a href="https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/poi/trunk/src/examples/src/org/apache/poi/" rel="nofollow">https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/poi/trunk/src/examples/src/org/apache/poi/</a> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# HSLF and XSLF 操作 PPT #

![20190731084230722.gif][]

演示源码地址：[https://github.com/wangmaoxiong/apache-poi-study/tree/master/src/main/java/com/wmx/poi/util][https_github.com_wangmaoxiong_apache-poi-study_tree_master_src_main_java_com_wmx_poi_util]

更多官网示例：[https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/poi/trunk/src/examples/src/org/apache/poi/][https_svn.apache.org_repos_asf_poi_trunk_src_examples_src_org_apache_poi]

# HSSF and XSSF 操作 Excel #

在线 API 演示源码：[https://github.com/wangmaoxiong/apache-poi-study/tree/master/src/main/java/com/wmx/poi/test/excel][https_github.com_wangmaoxiong_apache-poi-study_tree_master_src_main_java_com_wmx_poi_test_excel]

web 下载 excel 文件：[https://github.com/wangmaoxiong/apache-poi-study/blob/master/src/main/java/com/wmx/controller/ExcelController.java][https_github.com_wangmaoxiong_apache-poi-study_blob_master_src_main_java_com_wmx_controller_ExcelController.java]

官网示例：[https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/poi/trunk/src/examples/src/org/apache/poi/][https_svn.apache.org_repos_asf_poi_trunk_src_examples_src_org_apache_poi]

![20210123225640334.gif][]

# XWPF 操作 Word 文档 #

官网示例文档：[https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/poi/trunk/src/examples/src/org/apache/poi/examples/xwpf/usermodel/][https_svn.apache.org_repos_asf_poi_trunk_src_examples_src_org_apache_poi_examples_xwpf_usermodel]

单元测试演示源码地址：[https://github.com/wangmaoxiong/apache-poi-study/tree/master/src/main/java/com/wmx/poi/word][https_github.com_wangmaoxiong_apache-poi-study_tree_master_src_main_java_com_wmx_poi_word]

![20201230202245888.gif][]

post 请求文档下载在线演示源码：[后端导出接口、POI ][POI][Word工具类、][Word][前端页面][Link 1]

![20201230205921856.gif][]

[https_poi.apache.org]: https://poi.apache.org
[4.1.0]: https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.lua/poi/release/bin/poi-bin-4.1.0-20190412.zip
[https_archive.apache.org_dist_poi_release_bin]: https://archive.apache.org/dist/poi/release/bin/
[20190731084034968.gif]: /images/20211116/ffa03a657a3a47d1a1506fe3551edfc6.png
[20190731084137932.gif]: /images/20211116/6fa4f2d7fb1d45e0bc78155a353d82c4.png
[20190731084230722.gif]: /images/20211116/60aca2f9111b45c98911a32e9f39ace3.png
[https_github.com_wangmaoxiong_apache-poi-study_tree_master_src_main_java_com_wmx_poi_util]: https://github.com/wangmaoxiong/apache-poi-study/tree/master/src/main/java/com/wmx/poi/util
[https_svn.apache.org_repos_asf_poi_trunk_src_examples_src_org_apache_poi]: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/poi/trunk/src/examples/src/org/apache/poi/
[https_github.com_wangmaoxiong_apache-poi-study_tree_master_src_main_java_com_wmx_poi_test_excel]: https://github.com/wangmaoxiong/apache-poi-study/tree/master/src/main/java/com/wmx/poi/test/excel
[https_github.com_wangmaoxiong_apache-poi-study_blob_master_src_main_java_com_wmx_controller_ExcelController.java]: https://github.com/wangmaoxiong/apache-poi-study/blob/master/src/main/java/com/wmx/controller/ExcelController.java
[20210123225640334.gif]: /images/20211116/4e5a3d9a173c4a86883eac8b64dbfa54.png
[https_svn.apache.org_repos_asf_poi_trunk_src_examples_src_org_apache_poi_examples_xwpf_usermodel]: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/poi/trunk/src/examples/src/org/apache/poi/examples/xwpf/usermodel/
[https_github.com_wangmaoxiong_apache-poi-study_tree_master_src_main_java_com_wmx_poi_word]: https://github.com/wangmaoxiong/apache-poi-study/tree/master/src/main/java/com/wmx/poi/word
[20201230202245888.gif]: /images/20211116/7d621a8457574b3ea39ad94ec6d9fed8.png
[POI]: https://gitee.com/wangmx1993/database-tow-doc-tools/blob/master/src/main/java/com/wmx/db2doc/controller/DatabaseController.java
[Word]: https://gitee.com/wangmx1993/database-tow-doc-tools/blob/master/src/main/java/com/wmx/db2doc/util/WordTableUtils.java
[Link 1]: https://gitee.com/wangmx1993/database-tow-doc-tools/blob/master/src/main/resources/templates/tableShow.html
[20201230205921856.gif]: /images/20211116/ecc9fe9b7b2848cc856a582122577ad8.png