SpringCloud之Zuul(路由网关)

末蓝、 2021-11-16 13:42 490阅读 0赞

一、Zuul简介

1.1、概述

Zuul is a gateway service that provides dynamic routing, monitoring, resiliency, security, and more.

Zuul是一种网关服务，可提供动态路由，监控，弹性，安全性等。

GitHub:[https://github.com/Netflix/zuul][https_github.com_Netflix_zuul]

1.2、主要功能

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM4MjY0OTk5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

二、Zuul的快速入门

2.1、引入相关的依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <parent>
            <artifactId>SpringCloud_Demo</artifactId>
            <groupId>cn.waggag.springcloud</groupId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <artifactId>zuul_service</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    
        <dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
        </dependencies>
    
    </project>

2.2、启动类开启注解

//开启Zuul的代理
    @EnableZuulProxy

2.3、配置文件中的基本配置

server:
      port: 9000
    spring:
      application:
        name: zuul-service
    
    #配置注册的eureka
    eureka:
      client:
        service-url:
          defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:8083/eureka/
    #配置网关
    zuul:
      routes:
        #简化配置，配置需要的路径
        user-service: /**
      #配置不想暴露的服务
      ignored-services:
        - consumer-service

三、Zuul的过滤器

Zuul作为网关的其中一个重要功能，就是实现请求的鉴权。而这个我们往往是通过Zuul提供的过滤器来实现的。

3.1、编写一个简单的登陆过滤器

package cn.waggag.filter;
    
    import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
    import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
    import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;
    import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
    import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.FilterConstants;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    
    @Component
    public class LoginFilter extends ZuulFilter {
    
    
        @Override
        public String filterType() {
            return FilterConstants.PRE_TYPE;
        }
    
        @Override
        public int filterOrder() {
            return FilterConstants.PRE_DECORATION_FILTER_ORDER;
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean shouldFilter() {
            return true;
        }
    
        @Override
        public Object run() throws ZuulException {
            //获取请求上下文
            RequestContext requestContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
            HttpServletRequest request = requestContext.getRequest();
            //获取请求参数
            String token = request.getParameter("access-token");
            //判断是否存在
            if(StringUtils.isBlank(token)){
                //不存在，拦截
                requestContext.setSendZuulResponse(false);
                //返回403
                requestContext.setResponseStatusCode(HttpStatus.SC_FORBIDDEN);
            }
            return null;
        }
    }

3.2、访问不带token

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM4MjY0OTk5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

3.3、访问携带token

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM4MjY0OTk5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

3.4、负载均衡和熔断

Zuul中默认已经集成了Ribbon负载均衡和Hystrix熔断器,但是所有的都是默认值，比较短，必须手动设置较大的值

#设置hystrix的超时时间
    hystrix:
      command:
        default:
          execution:
            isolation:
              thread:
                timeoutInMilliseconds: 3000
    #配置ribbon的超时
    ribbon:
      ConnectionTimeout: 5000
      ReadTimeout: 2000
      MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 0    #不重试

3.5、Zuul的高可用

启动多个Zuul的服务，自动注册到Eureka，形成集群。

[https_github.com_Netflix_zuul]: https://github.com/Netflix/zuul
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM4MjY0OTk5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20211116/261deef4865c49c58a93977333c20ec3.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM4MjY0OTk5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20211116/64e45047466942e8a4301a87edfa2ce4.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM4MjY0OTk5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20211116/c0219e33afd4410fb1b198c1d5951d14.png