SpringDataJpa入门

港控/mmm° 2021-11-04 23:58 436阅读 0赞

一、SpringDataJpa

1.1、概述

Spring Data JPA 是 Spring 基于 ORM 框架、JPA 规范的基础上封装的一套JPA应用框架，可使开发者用极简的代码即可实现对数据库的访问和操作。它提供了包括增删改查等在内的常用功能，且易于扩展！学习并使用 Spring Data JPA 可以极大提高开发效率！

1.2、SpringDataJpa、Jpa、Hibernate之间的关系

JPA是一套规范，内部是有接口和抽象类组成的。

hibernate是一套成熟的ORM框架，而且Hibernate实现了JPA规范，所以也可以称hibernate为JPA的一种实现方式，我们使用JPA的API编程，意味着站在更高的角度上看待问题（面向接口编程）

Spring Data JPA是Spring提供的一套对JPA操作更加高级的封装，是在JPA规范下的专门用来进行数据持久化的解决方案。

二、SpringDataJpa快速入门

2.1、导入相关的依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
 <groupId>cn.waggag.springdatajpa</groupId>
 <artifactId>SpringDataJpa_Demo2</artifactId>
 <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 <properties>
 <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
 <hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate.version>
 <slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
 <log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
 <c3p0.version>0.9.1.2</c3p0.version>
 <mysql.version>8.0.16</mysql.version>
 </properties>
 
 <dependencies>
 
 <dependency>
 <groupId>junit</groupId>
 <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
 <version>4.9</version>
 <scope>test</scope>
 </dependency>
 
 
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
 <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
 <version>1.6.8</version>
 </dependency>
 
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
 <version>${spring.version}</version>
 </dependency>
 
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
 <version>${spring.version}</version>
 </dependency>
 
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
 <version>${spring.version}</version>
 </dependency>
 
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
 <version>${spring.version}</version>
 </dependency>
 
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
 <version>${spring.version}</version>
 </dependency>
 
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
 <version>${spring.version}</version>
 </dependency>
 
 
 
 
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
 <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
 <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
 <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
 <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
 <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
 <version>5.2.1.Final</version>
 </dependency>
 
 
 
 <dependency>
 <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
 <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
 <version>${c3p0.version}</version>
 </dependency>
 
 
 
 <dependency>
 <groupId>log4j</groupId>
 <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
 <version>${log4j.version}</version>
 </dependency>
 
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
 <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
 <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
 </dependency>
 
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
 <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
 <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
 </dependency>
 
 
 
 <dependency>
 <groupId>mysql</groupId>
 <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
 <version>${mysql.version}</version>
 </dependency>
 
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
 <version>1.9.0.RELEASE</version>
 </dependency>
 
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
 <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
 </dependency>
 
 
 <dependency>
 <groupId>javax.el</groupId>
 <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
 <version>2.2.4</version>
 </dependency>
 
 <dependency>
 <groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
 <artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
 <version>2.2.4</version>
 </dependency>
 
 </dependencies>
 
 
 
 
 </project>

2.2、配置Spring的配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
 xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
 xsi:schemaLocation="
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd">
 
 
 <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
 <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver" />
 <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpa?serverTimezone" />
 <property name="user" value="waggag" />
 <property name="password" value="225514" />
 </bean>
 
 
 <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
 <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
 
 <property name="packagesToScan" value="cn.waggag.entity" />
 
 <property name="persistenceProvider">
 <bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider" />
 </property>
 
 <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
 <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
 
 <property name="generateDdl" value="false" />
 <property name="database" value="MYSQL" />
 
 <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />
 
 <property name="showSql" value="true" />
 </bean>
 </property>
 <property name="jpaDialect">
 <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect" />
 </property>
 </bean>
 
 
 
 
 <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
 <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
 </bean>
 
 
 <jpa:repositories base-package="cn.waggag.dao"
 transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"
 entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"></jpa:repositories>
 
 
 <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
 <tx:attributes>
 <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
 <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
 <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
 <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
 <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>
 <tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/>
 <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
 </tx:attributes>
 </tx:advice>
 
 
 <aop:config>
 <aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* cn.waggag.service.*.*(..))" />
 <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pointcut" />
 </aop:config>
 
 
 <context:component-scan base-package="cn.waggag"></context:component-scan>
 
 
 
 </beans>

2.3、编写实体类

package cn.waggag.entity;
    
    import javax.persistence.*;
    
    /**
     * 配置实体类和表的映射关系
     *      1.实体类和表的映射关系
     *          @Entity
     *          @Tavble
     *      2.类中属性和表中字段的映射关系
     *          @Id  配置主键
     *          @GenerateValue  配置主键生成策略
     *          @Coulum   配置属性与表的字段的映射
     */
    @Entity
    @Table(name = "cst_customer")
    public class Customer {
    
        @Id
        @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
        @Column(name = "cust_id")
        private Long custId;
        @Column(name = "cust_name")
        private String custName;
        @Column(name = "cust_source")
        private String custSource;
        @Column(name = "cust_industry")
        private String custIndustry;
        @Column(name = "cust_level")
        private String custLevel;
        @Column(name = "cust_address")
        private String custAddress;
        @Column(name = "cust_phone")
        private String custPhone;
    
        public Long getCustId() {
            return custId;
        }
    
        public void setCustId(Long custId) {
            this.custId = custId;
        }
    
        public String getCustName() {
            return custName;
        }
    
        public void setCustName(String custName) {
            this.custName = custName;
        }
    
        public String getCustSource() {
            return custSource;
        }
    
        public void setCustSource(String custSource) {
            this.custSource = custSource;
        }
    
        public String getCustIndustry() {
            return custIndustry;
        }
    
        public void setCustIndustry(String custIndustry) {
            this.custIndustry = custIndustry;
        }
    
        public String getCustLevel() {
            return custLevel;
        }
    
        public void setCustLevel(String custLevel) {
            this.custLevel = custLevel;
        }
    
        public String getCustAddress() {
            return custAddress;
        }
    
        public void setCustAddress(String custAddress) {
            this.custAddress = custAddress;
        }
    
        public String getCustPhone() {
            return custPhone;
        }
    
        public void setCustPhone(String custPhone) {
            this.custPhone = custPhone;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Customer{" +
                    "custId=" + custId +
                    ", custName='" + custName + '\'' +
                    ", custSource='" + custSource + '\'' +
                    ", custIndustry='" + custIndustry + '\'' +
                    ", custLevel='" + custLevel + '\'' +
                    ", custAddress='" + custAddress + '\'' +
                    ", custPhone='" + custPhone + '\'' +
                    '}';
        }
    }

2.4、编写符合Spring Data JPA规范的Dao层接口

Spring Data JPA是spring提供的一款对于数据访问层（Dao层）的框架，使用Spring Data JPA，只需要按照框架的规范提供dao接口，不需要实现类就可以完成数据库的增删改查、分页查询等方法的定义，极大的简化了我们的开发过程。

在Spring Data JPA中，对于定义符合规范的Dao层接口，我们只需要遵循以下2点就可以了：

**           1、****创建一个****Dao****层接口，并实现****JpaRepository****和****JpaSpecificationExecutor**

**           2、****提供相应的泛型**

package cn.waggag.dao;
 
 import cn.waggag.entity.Customer;
 import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
 import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
 
 /**
 * 符合SpringDataJpa的dao层接口规范
 * JpaRepository<操作的实体类类型，实体类中主键属性的类型>
 * * 封装了基本CRUD操作
 * JpaSpecificationExecutor<操作的实体类类型>
 * * 封装了复杂查询（分页）
 */
 public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer,Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer> {
 }

2.5、对Dao基本操作的测试

package cn.waggag.test;
 
 import cn.waggag.dao.CustomerDao;
 import cn.waggag.entity.Customer;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
 
 import java.util.List;
 
 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
 @ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")
 public class CustomerDaoTest {
 
 @Autowired
 private CustomerDao customerDao;
 
 /**
 *
 */
 @Test
 public void testFindOne(){
 Customer customer = customerDao.findOne(2L);
 System.out.println(customer);
 }
 
 /**
 * save : 保存或者更新
 * 根据传递的对象是否存在主键id，
 * 如果没有id主键属性：保存
 * 存在id主键属性，根据id查询数据，更新数据
 */
 @Test
 public void testSave() {
 Customer customer = new Customer();
 customer.setCustName("程序员");
 customer.setCustLevel("vip");
 customer.setCustIndustry("itwaggag教育");
 customerDao.save(customer);
 }
 
 @Test
 public void testUpdate() {
 Customer customer = new Customer();
 customer.setCustId(4L);
 customer.setCustName("程序员很厉害");
 customerDao.save(customer);
 }
 
 @Test
 public void testDelete () {
 customerDao.delete(3L);
 }
 
 
 /**
 * 查询所有
 */
 @Test
 public void testFindAll() {
 List<Customer> list = customerDao.findAll();
 for(Customer customer : list) {
 System.out.println(customer);
 }
 }
 
 /**
 * 测试统计查询：查询客户的总数量
 * count:统计总条数
 */
 @Test
 public void testCount() {
 long count = customerDao.count();//查询全部的客户数量
 System.out.println(count);
 }
 
 /**
 * 测试：判断id为4的客户是否存在
 * 1. 可以查询以下id为4的客户
 * 如果值为空，代表不存在，如果不为空，代表存在
 * 2. 判断数据库中id为4的客户的数量
 * 如果数量为0，代表不存在，如果大于0，代表存在
 */
 @Test
 public void testExists() {
 boolean exists = customerDao.exists(4l);
 System.out.println("id为4的客户 是否存在："+exists);
 }
 
 
 /**
 * 根据id从数据库查询
 * @Transactional : 保证getOne正常运行
 *
 * findOne：
 * em.find() :立即加载
 * getOne：
 * em.getReference :延迟加载
 * * 返回的是一个客户的动态代理对象
 * * 什么时候用，什么时候查询
 */
 @Test
 @Transactional
 public void testGetOne() {
 Customer customer = customerDao.getOne(4l);
 System.out.println(customer);
 }
 }

三、SpringDataJpa执行原理

3.1、SpringDataJpa常用接口分析

**JpaRepository：**预先定义生成了一些基本的CURD的方法，例如：增、删、改等等继承JpaRepository

**JpaSpecificationExecutor：**定义了一些特殊的复杂的动态查询

3.2、流程分析

1、通过JdkDynamicAopProxy的invoke方法创建了一个动态代理对象SimpleJpaRepository。  
    2、SimpleJpaRepository当中封装了JPA的操作（借助JPA的api完成数据库的CRUD）。  
    3、通过hibernate完成数据库操作（封装了jdbc）。

四、使用Jpql语句

4.1、使用@Query

使用@Query注解，结合JPQL的语句方式完成查询

@Query 注解的使用非常简单，只需在方法上面标注该注解，同时提供一个JPQL查询语句即可

@Query(value = "from Customer where custName = ?")
        Customer findJpql(String custName);
    
    
         /**
         * 根据客户名称和客户id查询客户
         *      jpql： from Customer where custName = ? and custId = ?
         *
         *  对于多个占位符参数
         *      赋值的时候，默认的情况下，占位符的位置需要和方法参数中的位置保持一致
         *
         *  可以指定占位符参数的位置
         *      ? 索引的方式，指定此占位的取值来源
         */
        @Query(value = "from Customer where custName = ?2 and custId = ?1")
        Customer findCustNameAndId(Long id,String name);

@Query 来执行一个更新操作，为此，我们需要在使用 @Query 的同时，

@Modifying 来将该操作标识为修改查询，这样框架最终会生成一个更新的操作，而非查询

@Query(value = " update Customer set custName = ?2 where custId = ?1 ")
        @Modifying
        void updateCustomer(long custId, String custName);

4.2、SqpringDataJpa中的Sql查询

/**
 * 使用sql的形式查询：
 * 查询全部的客户
 * sql ： select * from cst_customer;
 * Query : 配置sql查询
 * value ： sql语句
 * nativeQuery ： 查询方式
 * true ： sql查询
 * false：jpql查询
 *
 */
 @Query(value = " select * from cst_customer" ,nativeQuery = true)
 //@Query(value="select * from cst_customer where cust_name like ?1",nativeQuery = true)
 List<Object [] > findSql();
 
 @Query(value="select * from cst_customer where cust_name like ?1",nativeQuery = true)
 List<Object [] > findSqlParam(String custName);

4.3、方法命名规则查询

方法命名规则查询就是根据方法的名字，就能创建查询。只需要按照Spring Data JPA提供的方法命名规则定义方法的名称，就可以完成查询工作。Spring Data JPA在程序执行的时候会根据方法名称进行解析，并自动生成查询语句进行查询。按照Spring Data JPA 定义的规则，查询方法以findBy开头，涉及条件查询时，条件的属性用条件关键字连接，要注意的是：条件属性首字母需大写。框架在进行方法名解析时，会先把方法名多余的前缀截取掉，然后对剩下部分进行解析。

/**
 * 方法名的约定：
 * findBy : 查询
 * 对象中的属性名（首字母大写） ： 查询的条件
 * CustName
 * * 默认情况 ： 使用等于的方式查询
 * 特殊的查询方式
 *
 * findByCustName -- 根据客户名称查询
 *
 * 在springDataJpa的运行阶段
 * 会根据方法名称进行解析 findBy from xxx(实体类)
 * 属性名称 where custName =
 *
 * 1.findBy + 属性名称 （根据属性名称进行完成匹配的查询=）
 * 2.findBy + 属性名称 + “查询方式（Like | isnull）”
 * findByCustNameLike
 * 3.多条件查询
 * findBy + 属性名 + “查询方式” + “多条件的连接符（and|or）” + 属性名 + “查询方式”
 */
 Customer findByCustName(String custName);
 
 //模糊查询
 List<Customer> findByCustNameLike(String custName);
 
 //使用客户名称模糊匹配和客户所属行业精准匹配的查询
 Customer findByCustNameLikeAndCustIndustry(String custName,String custIndustry);

命名规则表格如下表所示：

<table style="width:446.6pt;"> 
 <thead> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="width:108.8pt;">&nbsp;</td> 
 <td style="width:181.65pt;">&nbsp;</td> 
 <td style="width:155.1pt;">&nbsp;</td> 
 <td style="width:.75pt;">&nbsp;</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#cccccc;width:108.8pt;"> Keyword </td> 
 <td style="border-color:#cccccc;width:181.65pt;"> Sample </td> 
 <td style="border-color:#cccccc;width:155.1pt;"> JPQL </td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#cccccc;width:108.8pt;"> And </td> 
 <td style="width:181.65pt;"> findByLastnameAndFirstname </td> 
 <td style="width:155.1pt;"> … where x.lastname = ?1 and x.firstname = ?2 </td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#cccccc;width:108.8pt;"> Or </td> 
 <td style="width:181.65pt;"> findByLastnameOrFirstname </td> 
 <td style="width:155.1pt;"> … where x.lastname = ?1 or x.firstname = ?2 </td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#cccccc;width:108.8pt;"> Is,Equals </td> 
 <td style="width:181.65pt;"> findByFirstnameIs, findByFirstnameEquals </td> 
 <td style="width:155.1pt;"> … where x.firstname = ?1 </td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#cccccc;width:108.8pt;"> Between </td> 
 <td style="width:181.65pt;"> findByStartDateBetween </td> 
 <td style="width:155.1pt;"> … where x.startDate between ?1 and ?2 </td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#cccccc;width:108.8pt;"> LessThan </td> 
 <td style="width:181.65pt;"> findByAgeLessThan </td> 
 <td style="width:155.1pt;"> … where x.age &lt; ?1 </td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#cccccc;width:108.8pt;"> LessThanEqual </td> 
 <td style="width:181.65pt;"> findByAgeLessThanEqual </td> 
 <td style="width:155.1pt;"> … where x.age ⇐ ?1 </td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#cccccc;width:108.8pt;"> GreaterThan </td> 
 <td style="width:181.65pt;"> findByAgeGreaterThan </td> 
 <td style="width:155.1pt;"> … where x.age &gt; ?1 </td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#cccccc;width:108.8pt;"> GreaterThanEqual </td> 
 <td style="width:181.65pt;"> findByAgeGreaterThanEqual </td> 
 <td style="width:155.1pt;"> … where x.age &gt;= ?1 </td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#cccccc;width:108.8pt;"> After </td> 
 <td style="width:181.65pt;"> findByStartDateAfter </td> 
 <td style="width:155.1pt;"> … where x.startDate &gt; ?1 </td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#cccccc;width:108.8pt;"> Before </td> 
 <td style="width:181.65pt;"> findByStartDateBefore </td> 
 <td style="width:155.1pt;"> … where x.startDate &lt; ?1 </td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#cccccc;width:108.8pt;"> IsNull </td> 
 <td style="width:181.65pt;"> findByAgeIsNull </td> 
 <td style="width:155.1pt;"> … where x.age is null </td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#cccccc;width:108.8pt;"> IsNotNull,NotNull </td> 
 <td style="width:181.65pt;"> findByAge(Is)NotNull </td> 
 <td style="width:155.1pt;"> … where x.age not null </td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#cccccc;width:108.8pt;"> Like </td> 
 <td style="width:181.65pt;"> findByFirstnameLike </td> 
 <td style="width:155.1pt;"> … where x.firstname like ?1 </td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#cccccc;width:108.8pt;"> NotLike </td> 
 <td style="width:181.65pt;"> findByFirstnameNotLike </td> 
 <td style="width:155.1pt;"> … where x.firstname not like ?1 </td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#cccccc;width:108.8pt;"> StartingWith </td> 
 <td style="width:181.65pt;"> findByFirstnameStartingWith </td> 
 <td style="width:155.1pt;"> … where x.firstname like ?1&nbsp;(parameter bound with appended&nbsp;%) </td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#cccccc;width:108.8pt;"> EndingWith </td> 
 <td style="width:181.65pt;"> findByFirstnameEndingWith </td> 
 <td style="width:155.1pt;"> … where x.firstname like ?1&nbsp;(parameter bound with prepended&nbsp;%) </td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#cccccc;width:108.8pt;"> Containing </td> 
 <td style="width:181.65pt;"> findByFirstnameContaining </td> 
 <td style="width:155.1pt;"> … where x.firstname like ?1&nbsp;(parameter bound wrapped in&nbsp;%) </td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#cccccc;width:108.8pt;"> OrderBy </td> 
 <td style="width:181.65pt;"> findByAgeOrderByLastnameDesc </td> 
 <td style="width:155.1pt;"> … where x.age = ?1 order by x.lastname desc </td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#cccccc;width:108.8pt;"> Not </td> 
 <td style="width:181.65pt;"> findByLastnameNot </td> 
 <td style="width:155.1pt;"> … where x.lastname &lt;&gt; ?1 </td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#cccccc;width:108.8pt;"> In </td> 
 <td style="width:181.65pt;"> findByAgeIn(Collection&nbsp;ages) </td> 
 <td style="width:155.1pt;"> … where x.age in ?1 </td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#cccccc;width:108.8pt;"> NotIn </td> 
 <td style="width:181.65pt;"> findByAgeNotIn(Collection&nbsp;age) </td> 
 <td style="width:155.1pt;"> … where x.age not in ?1 </td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#cccccc;width:108.8pt;"> TRUE </td> 
 <td style="width:181.65pt;"> findByActiveTrue() </td> 
 <td style="width:155.1pt;"> … where x.active = true </td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#cccccc;width:108.8pt;"> FALSE </td> 
 <td style="width:181.65pt;"> findByActiveFalse() </td> 
 <td style="width:155.1pt;"> … where x.active = false </td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="border-color:#cccccc;width:108.8pt;"> IgnoreCase </td> 
 <td style="width:181.65pt;"> findByFirstnameIgnoreCase </td> 
 <td style="width:155.1pt;"> … where UPPER(x.firstame) = UPPER(?1) </td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 <td>&nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>