ansible的安装和部署

心已赠人 2021-11-02 04:50 471阅读 0赞

## 一.ansible介绍 ##

简介：

*  开源部署工具
 *  开发语言：Python
 *  特点：SSH协议通讯，全平台，无需编译，模块化部署管理
 *  作用：推送Playbook进行远程节点快速部署

优点：

*  轻量级无客户端（Agentless）
 *  使用Playbook作为核心配置结构，统一的脚本格式批量化部署
 *  完善的模块化扩展，支持目前主流的开发场景
 *  强大的稳定性和兼容性

## 二.安装ansible ##

1.安装ansible

[root@server1 ~]# ls
    ansible-2.7.8-1.el7.noarch.rpm	     ##ansible安装包，下面的是安装需要解决的依赖性
    libtomcrypt-1.17-25.el7.x86_64.rpm
    libtommath-0.42.0-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
    python2-crypto-2.6.1-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
    python2-jmespath-0.9.0-1.el7.noarch.rpm
    python-httplib2-0.9.2-0.1.el7.noarch.rpm
    python-keyczar-0.71c-2.el7.noarch.rpm
    python-paramiko-2.1.1-0.9.el7.noarch.rpm
    sshpass-1.06-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    [root@server1 ~]# yum install -y *

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
2.查看版本

[root@server1 ~]# ansible --version

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
3.创建用户develops用来管理ansible

[root@server1 ~]# cd /etc/ansible/
    [root@server1 ansible]# ls
    ansible.cfg  hosts  roles
    [root@server1 ansible]# useradd devlops
    [root@server1 ansible]# su - devlops 
    [devlops@server1 ~]$ ls
    [devlops@server1 ~]$ mkdir ansible
    [devlops@server1 ~]$ ll /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg 
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20277 Feb 22 07:04 /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg			##全局配置
    [devlops@server1 ~]$ cd ansible/
    [devlops@server1 ansible]$ ls
    [devlops@server1 ansible]$ pwd
    /home/devlops/ansible
    [devlops@server1 ansible]$ vim ansible.cfg
    [devlops@server1 ansible]$ cat ansible.cfg 
    [defaults]
    inventory = ./inventory
    [devlops@server1 ansible]$ cat ansible.cfg 	
    [defaults]
    inventory = ./inventory				##读取当前目录下的inventory
    [devlops@server1 ansible]$ vim inventory		##主机host清单
    [devlops@server1 ansible]$ cat inventory 
    [test]
    172.25.31.2
    
    [prod]
    172.25.31.3

4.配置免密

[devlops@server1 ansible]$ ssh-keygen 
    [devlops@server1 ansible]$ ssh-copy-id 172.25.31.2
    [devlops@server1 ansible]$ ssh-copy-id 172.25.31.3

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]测试：  
![在这里插入图片描述][20190810095545700.png]

最好配置解析
    [devlops@server1 ansible]$ ssh server2
    [devlops@server1 ansible]$ ssh server3

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
5.为client：serve2、server3创建用户devlops

server2：

[root@server2 ~]# useradd devlops
    [root@server2 ~]# passwd devlops 
    Changing password for user devlops.
    New password: 
    BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
    Retype new password: 
    passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

server3：

[root@server3 ~]# useradd devlops
    [root@server3 ~]# passwd devlops 
    Changing password for user devlops.
    New password: 
    BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
    Retype new password: 
    passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

6.测试

[devlops@server1 ansible]$ ansible all -m ping			##-m指定模块
    [devlops@server1 ansible]$ ansible all -m ping -u devlops
    [devlops@server1 ansible]$ ansible all -m ping -u root		#-u切换用户，默认是root。因为免密是dovelops操作的，所以root不能免密

![在这里插入图片描述][2019081010133744.png]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]

ansible常用参数及命令:

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>参数</th> 
   <th>功能</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-m</td> 
   <td>要执行的模块,默认为command</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-a</td> 
   <td>指定模块的参数</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-u</td> 
   <td>ssh连接的用户名,默认用root,ansible.cfg中可以配置</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-b,–become</td> 
   <td>变成那个用户身份，不提示密码</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-k</td> 
   <td>提示输入ssh登录密码,当使用密码验证的时候用</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-s</td> 
   <td>sudo运行</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-U</td> 
   <td>sudo到哪个用户,默认为root</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-K</td> 
   <td>提示输入sudo密码,当不是NOPASSWD模式时使用</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-C</td> 
   <td>只是测试一下会改变什么内容,不会真正去执行</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-c</td> 
   <td>连接类型(default=smart)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-f</td> 
   <td>fork多少进程并发处理,默认为5个</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-i</td> 
   <td>指定hosts文件路径,默认default=/etc/ansible/hosts</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-I</td> 
   <td>指定pattern,对已匹配的主机中再过滤一次</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-list-host</td> 
   <td>只打印有哪些主机会执行这个命令,不会实际执行</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-M</td> 
   <td>要执行的模块路径,默认为/usr/share/ansible</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-o</td> 
   <td>压缩输出,摘要输出</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>–private-key</td> 
   <td>私钥路径</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-T</td> 
   <td>ssh连接超时时间,默认是10秒</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-t</td> 
   <td>日志输出到该目录,日志文件名以主机命名</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-v</td> 
   <td>显示详细日志</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

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[20190810095545700.png]: /images/20211102/d0db571ea2f540398b9a3ca3a58d7734.png
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[2019081010133744.png]: /images/20211102/24004a07a69c4914924986f7cefa6396.png
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