docker CE on Linux示例浅析（一）安装与基本运行

超、凢脫俗 2021-10-20 00:18 186阅读 0赞

历史系列：

docker CE on Linux示例浅析（二）数据存储与持久化

docker CE on Linux示例浅析（三）镜像与容器管理

docker CE on Linux示例浅析（四）swam群集配置

分布式应用程序的部署需要处理每一个逻辑层以及各层之间的关系，如前端代理，web应用，消息队列，缓存，数据库等。容器化部署为此引入服务编排的概念，用于集中控制容器的生存周期与运行参数，包括但不限于以下方面：

容器部署  
资源控制  
负载均衡  
健康检查  
应用配置  
规模伸缩  
位置迁移  
docker-ce原生提供了compose与stack两种方式，通过定义在配置文件中的容器运行参数对服务进行编排，配置文件的格式可以为yaml或json。本文以前端代理(nginx) + web程序(tomcat)为例，简述这两种方式的应用。

示例  
环境  
宿主机2台：dock\_host\_0(192.168.9.168/24)，dock\_host\_1(192.168.9.169/24)，系统与软件环境一致，均为全新最小化安装，单物理网卡，操作系统版本CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)，内核版本3.10.0-957.12.2.el7.x86\_64，关闭selinux与防火墙。  
docker为默认安装，版本18.09.6，无其他额外设置。  
基础镜像为最新版CentOS 7官方镜像。  
tomcat与jdk环境，以及nginx的配置文件与日志，均以目录的方式挂载至容器。  
源码包jdk-8u212-linux-x64.tar.gz与apache-tomcat-8.5.40.tar.gz，位于宿主机的/opt/目录。  
nginx为tengine，源码编译安装。  
compose方式  
安装docker-compose

https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/中包含docker-compose的所有版本，本文以1.24.0为例。

下载源文件：

\[root@docker\_host\_0 ~\]\# ip addr show eth0 | sed -n '/inet /p' | awk '\{print $2\}'  
192.168.9.168/24  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 ~\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 ~\]\# uname -r  
3.10.0-957.12.2.el7.x86\_64  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 ~\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 ~\]\# docker -v  
Docker version 18.09.6, build 481bc77156  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 ~\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 ~\]\# curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.24.0/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose  
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current  
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed  
100 617 0 617 0 0 540 0 --:--:-- 0:00:01 --:--:-- 541  
100 15.4M 100 15.4M 0 0 261k 0 0:01:00 0:01:00 --:--:-- 836k  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 ~\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 ~\]\# ll /usr/local/bin/docker-compose  
\-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16154160 May 30 23:23 /usr/local/bin/docker-compose  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 ~\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 ~\]\# chmod u+x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 ~\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 ~\]\# which docker-compose  
/usr/local/bin/docker-compose  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 ~\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 ~\]\# docker-compose version  
docker-compose version 1.24.0, build 0aa59064  
docker-py version: 3.7.2  
CPython version: 3.6.8  
OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.1.0j 20 Nov 2018  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 ~\]\#  
安装命令行补全工具：

\[root@docker\_host\_0 ~\]\# curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/docker/compose/1.24.0/contrib/completion/bash/docker-compose -o /etc/bash\_completion.d/docker-compose  
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current  
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed  
100 13258 100 13258 0 0 14985 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 14980  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 ~\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 ~\]\# source /etc/bash\_completion.d/docker-compose  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 ~\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 ~\]\# docker-compose  
build create exec kill port push run stop up  
bundle down help logs ps restart scale top version  
config events images pause pull rm start unpause  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 ~\]\#  
部署服务

创建目录挂载的源路径：

本例中，tomcat与jdk分别为/opt/apps/app\_0/source与/opt/jdks。

server.xml中的pattern字段用于设置默认的访问日志格式，更改为%A:%\{local\}p %a:%\{remote\}p，表示本端IP:端口 对端IP:端口，用于区分访问来源。

\[root@docker\_host\_0 ~\]\# cd /opt/  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# ls  
apache-tomcat-8.5.40.tar.gz containerd jdk-8u212-linux-x64.tar.gz  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# mkdir -p /opt/\{apps/app\_0/source,jdks\}  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# tar axf apache-tomcat-8.5.40.tar.gz --strip-components=1 -C apps/app\_0/source/  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# sed -i 's/pattern="%h %l %u %t/pattern="%A:%\{local\}p %a:%\{remote\}p %t/' apps/app\_0/source/conf/server.xml  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# tar axf jdk-8u212-linux-x64.tar.gz -C jdks/  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
编辑dockerfile：

\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# vi dockerfile-for-nginx  
FROM centos:latest  
ARG tmp\_dir='/tmp'  
ARG repo\_key='http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7'  
ARG repo\_src='http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo'  
ARG repo\_dst='/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo'  
ARG tengine\_ver='2.3.0'  
ARG tengine\_src="http://tengine.taobao.org/download/tengine-$\{tengine\_ver\}.tar.gz"  
ARG tengine\_dst="tengine-$\{tengine\_ver\}.tar.gz"  
ARG tengine\_cfg\_opts='--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \\  
\--with-http\_gzip\_static\_module \\  
\--with-http\_stub\_status\_module \\  
\--with-http\_ssl\_module \\  
\--with-http\_slice\_module \\  
\--with-pcre'  
ARG depend\_rpms='gcc make openssl-devel pcre-devel'  
RUN cd $\{tmp\_dir\} \\  
&& cp -a $\{repo\_dst\} $\{repo\_dst\}.ori \\  
&& curl -L $\{repo\_src\} -o $\{repo\_dst\} \\  
&& curl -L $\{tengine\_src\} -o $\{tengine\_dst\} \\  
&& rpm --import $\{repo\_key\} \\  
&& yum -y update --downloadonly --downloaddir=. \\  
&& yum -y install $\{depend\_rpms\} --downloadonly --downloaddir=. \\  
&& yum -y install ./\*.rpm \\  
&& useradd www -s /sbin/nologin \\  
&& tar axf $\{tengine\_dst\} \\  
&& cd tengine-$\{tengine\_ver\} \\  
&& ./configure $\{tengine\_cfg\_opts\} \\  
&& make \\  
&& make install \\  
&& cd \\  
&& yum -y remove gcc make cpp \\  
&& yum clean all \\  
&& rm -rf $\{tmp\_dir\}/\*  
EXPOSE 80/tcp 443/tcp  
ENV PATH $\{PATH\}:/usr/local/nginx/sbin  
CMD nginx -g "daemon off;"  
编辑服务编排配置文件：

docker中的yaml格式配置文件通常以yml或yaml作为后缀（惯例，非强制）。

本例定义了2个服务，名称分别为webapp与proxy：

webapp服务运行centos:latest镜像(image)，挂载数据卷/目录(volumes)，并指定环境变量(environment)，工作目录(working\_dir)，容器内运行的命令(command)，以及重启策略(restart)为命令运行失败时(on-failure)。

proxy服务运行tengine\_nginx:2.3.0镜像，依赖于webapp服务内的容器启动(depends\_on)，并将容器的80端口开放为外部的80端口(ports)。

配置文件内可以通过顶级的networks指令设置网络相关的参数，未指定则按默认设置。对于连接至同一网络驱动下的所有容器，相互之间开放所有端口，本例中，tomcat默认的8080端口对nginx开放，因此端口的对外映射可选(expose/ports)。

\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# vi tomcat-with-nginx-compose.yml  
version: '3.7'

services:  
webapp:  
image: centos:latest  
volumes:  
\- /opt/jdks/jdk1.8.0\_212:/opt/jdks/jdk1.8.0\_212:ro  
\- /opt/apps/app\_0/source:/opt/apps/app\_0  
environment:  
JAVA\_HOME: /opt/jdks/jdk1.8.0\_212  
working\_dir: /opt/apps/app\_0  
command: bin/catalina.sh run  
restart: on-failure

proxy:  
build:  
context: .  
dockerfile: dockerfile-for-nginx  
depends\_on:  
\- webapp  
image: tengine\_nginx:2.3.0  
volumes:  
\- /opt/apps/app\_0/nginx/conf:/usr/local/nginx/conf:ro  
\- /opt/apps/app\_0/nginx/logs:/usr/local/nginx/logs  
restart: on-failure  
ports:  
\- '80:80/tcp'  
检查编排配置文件：

docker-compose config命令用于检查配置文件的语法与指令，并输出配置文件的所有内容，若指定-q参数则仅执行检查而不输出。  
docker-compose默认的配置文件名称为docker-compose.yml或docker-compose.yaml，-f参数用于指定自定义的配置文件。

\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# docker-compose -f tomcat-with-nginx-compose.yml config -q  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
编译镜像：

docker-compose build命令根据配置文件中services.服务名.build定义的参数编译镜像，若配置文件中未指定build，则不执行该步骤。

\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# docker-compose -f tomcat-with-nginx-compose.yml build  
...  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# docker image ls  
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE  
tengine\_nginx 2.3.0 9404e1b71b70 32 seconds ago 340MB  
centos latest 9f38484d220f 2 months ago 202MB  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
以非守护进程模式(nginx -g "daemon off;")运行nginx 60秒，复制nginx所需文件：

\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# docker run -dit --rm --name t\_nginx tengine\_nginx:2.3.0 bash -c 'timeout 60 nginx -g "daemon off;"'  
3cc8de88de3fe295657fde08552165e69514c368689e2078ec89771e23cb16e8  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# docker container ls -a  
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES  
3cc8de88de3f tengine\_nginx:2.3.0 "bash -c 'timeout 60…" 7 seconds ago Up 6 seconds 80/tcp, 443/tcp t\_nginx  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# docker exec -it t\_nginx ls -l /usr/local/nginx  
total 0  
drwx------ 2 nobody root 6 May 30 23:39 client\_body\_temp  
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 333 May 30 23:37 conf  
drwx------ 2 nobody root 6 May 30 23:39 fastcgi\_temp  
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 40 May 30 23:37 html  
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 58 May 30 23:39 logs  
drwx------ 2 nobody root 6 May 30 23:39 proxy\_temp  
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 19 May 30 23:37 sbin  
drwx------ 2 nobody root 6 May 30 23:39 scgi\_temp  
drwx------ 2 nobody root 6 May 30 23:39 uwsgi\_temp  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# docker cp t\_nginx:/usr/local/nginx/ /opt/apps/app\_0/  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# ll /opt/apps/app\_0/nginx/  
total 0  
drwx------ 2 root root 6 May 30 23:39 client\_body\_temp  
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 333 May 30 23:37 conf  
drwx------ 2 root root 6 May 30 23:39 fastcgi\_temp  
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 40 May 30 23:37 html  
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 58 May 30 23:39 logs  
drwx------ 2 root root 6 May 30 23:39 proxy\_temp  
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 19 May 30 23:37 sbin  
drwx------ 2 root root 6 May 30 23:39 scgi\_temp  
drwx------ 2 root root 6 May 30 23:39 uwsgi\_temp  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
编辑nginx配置文件：

docker内部实现了服务发现功能，对连接至同一网络驱动下的容器提供名称解析功能，本例中，webapp服务成功启动后，可以被proxy服务的nginx识别。

user www www;  
worker\_processes auto;  
pid logs/nginx.pid;  
error\_log logs/error.log warn;  
worker\_rlimit\_nofile 51200;

events \{  
use epoll;  
worker\_connections 4096;  
\}

http \{  
include mime.types;  
default\_type application/octet-stream;  
server\_names\_hash\_bucket\_size 128;  
client\_header\_buffer\_size 16k;  
large\_client\_header\_buffers 4 32k;  
client\_max\_body\_size 8m;  
access\_log off;  
sendfile on;  
tcp\_nopush on;  
tcp\_nodelay on;  
keepalive\_timeout 30;  
proxy\_cache\_methods POST GET HEAD;  
open\_file\_cache max=655350 inactive=20s;  
open\_file\_cache\_valid 30s;  
open\_file\_cache\_min\_uses 2;

gzip on;  
gzip\_min\_length 1k;  
gzip\_buffers 8 8k;  
gzip\_http\_version 1.0;  
gzip\_comp\_level 4;  
gzip\_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php;  
gzip\_vary on;  
server\_tokens off;

log\_format main '$remote\_addr\\t$upstream\_addr\\t\[$time\_local\]\\t$request\\t'  
'$status\\t$body\_bytes\_sent\\t$http\_user\_agent\\t$http\_referer\\t'  
'$http\_x\_forwarded\_for\\t$request\_time\\t$upstream\_response\_time\\t$remote\_user\\t'  
'$request\_body';

map $http\_upgrade $connection\_upgrade \{  
default upgrade;  
'' close;  
\}

upstream tomcat-app-0 \{  
server webapp:8080;  
\}

server \{  
listen 80;  
server\_name 127.0.0.1;  
charset utf-8;  
client\_max\_body\_size 75M;

location / \{  
proxy\_pass http://tomcat-app-0;  
\}

access\_log logs/webapp-access.log main;  
\}  
\}  
测试nginx配置文件：

\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# docker run -it --rm --mount type=bind,src=/opt/apps/app\_0/nginx/conf,dst=/usr/local/nginx/conf,ro --add-host webapp:127.0.0.1 tengine\_nginx:2.3.0 bash -c 'nginx -t'  
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok  
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
启动服务：

docker-compose up命令用于启动服务：  
默认启动配置文件内定义的所有服务，可以显式指定服务名，以启动特定的服务。

若配置文件中指定的镜像名称不存在，则默认首先执行编译(build)。

\-d/--detach用于指定容器后台运行，等同于docker run命令的-d/--detach选项。

\--scale用于指定相应服务的容器数量，格式为服务名=数量。

\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# docker-compose -f tomcat-with-nginx-compose.yml up -d --scale webapp=3  
Creating network "opt\_default" with the default driver  
Creating opt\_webapp\_1 ... done  
Creating opt\_webapp\_2 ... done  
Creating opt\_webapp\_3 ... done  
Creating opt\_proxy\_1 ... done  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# docker container ls -a  
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES  
6b55fe98a99c tengine\_nginx:2.3.0 "/bin/sh -c 'nginx -…" 10 seconds ago Up 9 seconds 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, 443/tcp opt\_proxy\_1  
0617d640c60a centos:latest "bin/catalina.sh run" 11 seconds ago Up 9 seconds opt\_webapp\_2  
c85f2de181cd centos:latest "bin/catalina.sh run" 11 seconds ago Up 10 seconds opt\_webapp\_3  
2517e03f11c9 centos:latest "bin/catalina.sh run" 11 seconds ago Up 10 seconds opt\_webapp\_1  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
docker-compose默认创建bridge模式的网络：

\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# docker network ls  
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE  
cb90714e47b3 bridge bridge local  
a019d8b63640 host host local  
bb7095896ade none null local  
80ce8533b964 opt\_default bridge local  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
查看容器内的应用程序运行情况：

docker-compose up可以指定服务名称，以查看特定的服务进程。

\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# docker-compose -f tomcat-with-nginx-compose.yml top  
opt\_proxy\_1  
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD  
\----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
root 13674 13657 0 00:28 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;  
1000 13738 13674 0 00:28 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process  
1000 13739 13674 0 00:28 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process

opt\_webapp\_1  
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD  
\-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
root 13367 13342 1 00:28 ? 00:00:02 /opt/jdks/jdk1.8.0\_212/bin/java -Djava.util.l  
ogging.config.file=/opt/apps/app\_0/conf/loggi  
ng.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org  
.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager  
\-Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.prot  
ocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webreso  
urces -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.Security  
Listener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs=  
\-classpath /opt/apps/app\_0/bin/bootstrap.jar:  
/opt/apps/app\_0/bin/tomcat-juli.jar  
\-Dcatalina.base=/opt/apps/app\_0  
\-Dcatalina.home=/opt/apps/app\_0  
\-Djava.io.tmpdir=/opt/apps/app\_0/temp  
org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start

opt\_webapp\_2  
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD  
\-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
root 13436 13388 1 00:28 ? 00:00:02 /opt/jdks/jdk1.8.0\_212/bin/java -Djava.util.l  
ogging.config.file=/opt/apps/app\_0/conf/loggi  
ng.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org  
.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager  
\-Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.prot  
ocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webreso  
urces -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.Security  
Listener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs=  
\-classpath /opt/apps/app\_0/bin/bootstrap.jar:  
/opt/apps/app\_0/bin/tomcat-juli.jar  
\-Dcatalina.base=/opt/apps/app\_0  
\-Dcatalina.home=/opt/apps/app\_0  
\-Djava.io.tmpdir=/opt/apps/app\_0/temp  
org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start

opt\_webapp\_3  
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD  
\-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
root 13425 13397 1 00:28 ? 00:00:02 /opt/jdks/jdk1.8.0\_212/bin/java -Djava.util.l  
ogging.config.file=/opt/apps/app\_0/conf/loggi  
ng.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org  
.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager  
\-Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.prot  
ocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webreso  
urces -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.Security  
Listener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs=  
\-classpath /opt/apps/app\_0/bin/bootstrap.jar:  
/opt/apps/app\_0/bin/tomcat-juli.jar  
\-Dcatalina.base=/opt/apps/app\_0  
\-Dcatalina.home=/opt/apps/app\_0  
\-Djava.io.tmpdir=/opt/apps/app\_0/temp  
org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
访问web服务，请求被调度至服务内的每个容器：

\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# ss -atn | grep 80  
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::\*  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# for i in $(seq 6); do curl -s 127.0.0.1 -o /dev/null; done  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# cat /opt/apps/app\_0/source/logs/localhost\_access\_log.$(date +%F).txt  
172.20.0.3:80 172.20.0.5:42430 \[31/May/2019:00:32:16 +0000\] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 11184  
172.20.0.3:80 172.20.0.5:42436 \[31/May/2019:00:32:16 +0000\] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 11184  
172.20.0.4:80 172.20.0.5:45098 \[31/May/2019:00:32:16 +0000\] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 11184  
172.20.0.4:80 172.20.0.5:45122 \[31/May/2019:00:32:16 +0000\] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 11184  
172.20.0.2:80 172.20.0.5:59294 \[31/May/2019:00:32:16 +0000\] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 11184  
172.20.0.2:80 172.20.0.5:59306 \[31/May/2019:00:32:16 +0000\] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 11184  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
扩充服务内的容器数量：

对同一服务运行docker-compose up命令，--scale用于在现有基础上动态增加或减小容器数量。

\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# docker-compose -f tomcat-www.yuntianyuL.cn with-nginx-compose.yml up -d --scale webapp=6  
Starting opt\_webapp\_1 ... done  
Starting opt\_webapp\_2 ... done  
Starting opt\_webapp\_3 ... done  
Creating opt\_webapp\_4 ... done  
Creating opt\_webapp\_5 ... done  
Creating opt\_webapp\_6 ... done  
opt\_proxy\_1 is up-to-date  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# docker container ls -a  
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES  
b9fc74985a13 centos:latest "bin/catalina.sh run" 9 seconds ago Up 7 seconds opt\_webapp\_4  
29e9837c7b4d centos:latest "bin/catalina.sh run" 9 seconds ago Up 7 seconds opt\_webapp\_5  
5e0a0611bb2f centos:latest "bin/catalina.sh run" 9 seconds ago Up 8 seconds opt\_webapp\_6  
6b55fe98a99c tengine\_nginx:2.3.0 "/bin/sh -c 'nginx -…" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, 443/tcp opt\_proxy\_1  
0617d640c60a centos:latest "bin/catalina.sh run" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes opt\_webapp\_2  
c85f2de181cd centos:latest "bin/catalina.sh run" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes opt\_webapp\_3  
2517e03f11c9 centos:latest "bin/catalina.sh run" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes opt\_webapp\_1  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
移除服务：

docker-compose down命令用于移除服务，包括停止与移除与服务相关联的容器与网络，另可指定--rmi与-v/--volumes选项移除相关联的数据卷与镜像。

\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# docker-compose -f tomcat-with-nginx-compose.yml down  
Stopping opt\_webapp\_4 ... done  
Stopping opt\_webapp\_5 ... done  
Stopping opt\_webapp\_6 ... done  
Stopping opt\_proxy\_1 ... done  
Stopping opt\_webapp\_2 ... done  
Stopping opt\_webapp\_3 ... done  
Stopping opt\_webapp\_1 ... done  
Removing opt\_webapp\_4 ... done  
Removing opt\_webapp\_5 ... done  
Removing opt\_webapp\_6 ... done  
Removing opt\_proxy\_1 ... done  
Removing opt\_webapp\_2 ... done  
Removing opt\_webapp\_3 ... done  
Removing opt\_webapp\_1 ... done  
Removing network opt\_default  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# docker container ls -a  
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# ss -atn | grep 80  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
stack方式  
宿主机docker\_host\_0创建群集，docker\_host\_1以管理角色加入群集：

\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# docker swarm init  
Swarm initialized: current node (u9siv3gxc4px3xa85t5tybv68) is now a manager.

To add a worker to this swarm, run the following command:

docker swarm join -www.shengdaylgw.cn-token SWMTKN-1-5icsimlouv1ppt09fxovvlvn9pp3prevlu2vus6wvtdilv6w86-3y28uwlmc5hcb61hw42oxe4j2 192.168.9.168:2377

To add a manager to this swarm, run 'docker swarm join-token manager' and follow the instructions.

\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# docker swarm join-token manager  
To add a manager to this swarm, run the following command:

docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-5icsimlouv1ppt09fxovvlvn9pp3prevlu2vus6wvtdilv6w86-elvhukieu148f22dmimq914ki 192.168.9.168:2377

\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_1 ~\]\# ip addr show eth0 | sed -n '/inet /p' | awk '\{print $2\}'  
192.168.9.169/24  
\[root@docker\_host\_1 ~\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_1 ~\]\# uname -r  
3.10.0-957.12.2.el7.x86\_64  
\[root@docker\_host\_1 ~\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_1 ~\]\# docker -v  
Docker version 18.09.6, build 481bc77156  
\[root@docker\_host\_1 ~\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_1 ~\]\# docker swarm join -www.oushengyule.com-token SWMTKN-1-5icsimlouv1ppt09fxovvlvn9pp3prevlu2vus6wvtdilv6w86-elvhukieu148f22dmimq914ki 192.168.9.168:2377  
This node joined a swarm as a manager.  
\[root@docker\_host\_1 ~\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_1 ~\]\# docker node ls  
ID HOSTNAME STATUS AVAILABILITY MANAGER STATUS ENGINE VERSION  
u9siv3gxc4px3xa85t5tybv68 docker\_host\_0 Ready Active Leader 18.09.6  
qhgpqw9n5wwow1zfzji69eac0 \* docker\_host\_1 Ready Active Reachable 18.09.6  
\[root@docker\_host\_1 ~\]\#  
在docker\_host\_0节点上导出tengine\_nginx:2.3.0镜像，并传输至docker\_host\_1节点：

\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# docker image ls  
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE  
tengine\_nginx 2.3.0 9404e1b71b70 About an hour ago 340MB  
centos latest 9f38484d220f 2 months ago 202MB  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# docker image save tengine\_nginx:2.3.0 -o nginx.tar  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# ll -h nginx.tar  
\-rw------- 1 root root 338M May 31 00:56 nginx.tar  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# scp -P 9999 nginx.tar root@192.168.9.169:/opt  
nginx.tar 100% 337MB 83.1MB/s 00:04  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
在docker\_host\_1节点上导入tengine\_nginx:2.3.0镜像，并设置与docker\_host\_0节点相同的挂载源路径：

\[root@docker\_host\_1 ~\]\# cd /opt/  
\[root@docker\_host\_1 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_1 opt\]\# ls  
apache-tomcat-8.5.40.tar.gz containerd jdk-8u212-linux-x64.tar.gz nginx.tar  
\[root@docker\_host\_1 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_1 opt\]\# docker image load -i nginx.tar  
d69483a6face: Loading layer 209.5MB/209.5MB  
717661697400: Loading layer 144.3MB/144.3MB  
Loaded image: tengine\_nginx:2.3.0  
\[root@docker\_host\_1 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_1 opt\]\# docker image ls www.huishenggw.cn-a  
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE  
tengine\_nginx 2.3.0 9404e1b71b70 About an hour ago 340MB  
\[root@docker\_host\_1 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_1 opt\]\# mkdir -p /opt/\{apps/app\_0/source,jdks\}  
\[root@docker\_host\_1 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_1 opt\]\# tar axf apache-tomcat-8.5.40.tar.gz --strip-components=1 -C apps/app\_0/source/  
\[root@docker\_host\_1 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_1 opt\]\# sed -i 's/pattern="%h %l %u %t/pattern="%A:%\{local\}p %a:%\{remote\}p %t/' apps/app\_0/source/conf/server.xml  
\[root@docker\_host\_1 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_1 opt\]\# tar axf jdk-8u212-linux-x64.tar.gz -C jdks/  
\[root@docker\_host\_1 opt\]\#  
在docker\_host\_0节点上编辑服务编排配置文件：

volumes与port是使用长格式指定挂载点与端口。  
services.服务名.deploy指定服务的运行模式(mode)，副本数量(replicas)，重启策略(restart\_policy)，服务所在节点(placement)。

\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# vi tomcat-with-nginx-stack.yml  
version: "3.7"

services:  
webapp:  
image: centos:latest  
volumes:  
\- type: bind  
source: /opt/jdks/jdk1.8.0\_212  
target: /opt/jdks/jdk1.8.0\_212  
read\_only: true  
\- type: bind  
source: /opt/apps/app\_0/source  
target: /opt/apps/app\_0  
environment:  
JAVA\_HOME:www.chengmingdL.com /opt/jdks/jdk1.8.0\_212  
working\_dir: /opt/apps/app\_0  
command:www.cmyLgw.cn bin/catalina.sh run  
deploy:  
mode: replicated  
replicas: 3  
restart\_policy:  
condition: on-failure

proxy:  
image: tengine\_nginx:2.3.0  
volumes:  
\- type: bind  
source: /opt/apps/app\_0/nginx/conf  
target: /usr/local/nginx/conf  
read\_only: true  
\- type: bind  
source: /opt/apps/app\_0/nginx/logs  
target: /usr/local/nginx/logs  
deploy:  
placement:  
constraints:  
\- node.hostname == docker\_host\_0  
mode: global  
restart\_policy:  
condition: on-failure  
ports:  
\- target: 80  
published: 80  
protocol: tcp  
mode: ingress  
部署服务，名称为web-cluster：

\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]www.yongshi123.cn\# docker stack deploy -c tomcat-with-nginx-stack.yml web-cluster  
Creating network web-cluster\_default  
Creating service web-cluster\_proxy  
Creating service web-cluster\_webapp  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
副本服务webapp被分配至2个节点，全局服务proxy按约束条件(constraints)被分配至docker\_host\_0节点：

\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# docker service ls  
ID NAME MODE REPLICAS IMAGE PORTS  
onshpipwwcmd web-cluster\_proxy global 1/1 tengine\_nginx:2.3.0 \*:80->80/tcp  
pvj1cyvutjc5 web-cluster\_webapp replicated 3/3 centos:latest  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# docker service ps web-cluster\_webapp  
ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS  
rp9xuqzbns3p web-cluster\_webapp.1 centos:latest docker\_host\_1 Running Running 12 seconds ago  
479ea4e8q8k1 web-cluster\_webapp.2 centos:latest docker\_host\_1 Running Running 12 seconds ago  
nlr7lc6g7m4v web-cluster\_webapp.3 centos:latest docker\_host\_0 Running Running 13 seconds ago  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# docker service ps web-cluster\_www.chengmyuLegw.cn proxy  
ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS  
ma8wr6kn8vyf web-cluster\_proxy.u9siv3gxc4px3xa85t5tybv68 tengine\_nginx:2.3.0 docker\_host\_0 Running Running 10 seconds ago  
j6w9au6v8tzt \\\_ web-cluster\_proxy.u9siv3gxc4px3xa85t5tybv68 tengine\_nginx:2.3.0 docker\_host\_0 Shutdown Failed 15 seconds ago "task: non-zero exit (1)"  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
stack默认使用swarm模式初始创建的overlay网络：

\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# docker network ls  
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE  
cb90714e47b3 bridge bridge local  
dfe3ba6e0df5 docker\_gwbridge bridge local  
a019d8b63640 host host local  
mxcmpb9uzjy2 ingress overlay swarm  
bb7095896ade none null local  
qn3rp2t93lli web-cluster\_default overlay swarm  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
通过docker\_host\_0与docker\_host\_1节点均可访问被代理的web服务：

\[root@docker\_host\_1 opt\]\# ss -atn | grep 80  
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::\*  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# ss -atn | grep 80  
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::\*  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# curl -I -o /dev/null -s -w %\{http\_code\} 127.0.0.1  
200  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# curl -I -o /dev/null -s -w %\{http\_code\} 192.168.9.168  
200  
root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\# curl -I -o /dev/null -s -w %\{http\_code\} 192.168.9.169  
200  
\[root@docker\_host\_0 opt\]\#  
depends\_on指令用于指定镜像的构建顺序，以及容器的启动与停止顺序，若需要解决容器内应用程序间的依赖关系，则需手动实现容器内命令的慢启动，或借助于诸如dockerize之类的第三方工具。

区别与联系  
stack与compose均通过yaml或json格式的配置文件进行服务的编排，区别主要包括：

某些指令在两种方式下不兼容，如build，deploy，depends\_on，restart\_policy等。  
stack由docker引擎内置，须开启swarm模式，组成同一服务的多个容器可能跨越多个宿主机，因此要求相应的镜像必须存在于宿主机本地或可访问的仓库中；compose需要额外安装，无须开启swarm模式，所有容器均位于当前单个宿主机。  
stack仅可根据预先已编译的镜像部署服务；compose支持镜像的编译与服务的部署，二者可同时执行，或单独执行。

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/qwangxiao/p/10953384.html