Django part3

亦凉 2021-10-18 12:52 265阅读 0赞

### Django part3 ###

*  视图（views）
 *   *  文件结构
     *  polls/views.py
     *  polls.urls
     *  polls/templates/polls/index.html
     *  polls/templates/polls/detail.html
     *  运行项目
     *  运行截图
     *  参考博客

# 视图（views） #

视图是Django应用程序中的一种“类型”网页，通常用于特定功能并具有特定模板。  
在我们的投票应用程序（polls）中，我们将有以下四个视图：

> **Question “index” page** – 显示最近几个问题。  
> **Question “detail” page** – 显示问题文本，没有结果，但有一个要投票的表单。  
> **Question “results” page** – 显示特定问题的结果。  
> **Vote action** – 处理对特定问题中特定选择的投票。

## 文件结构 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][20190812101039254.png]

## polls/views.py ##

from django.shortcuts import render
    from django.http import HttpResponse
    from django.http import Http404
    from .models import Question
    from django.template import loader
    # Create your views here.
    # Django模板使用 https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/topics/templates/
    
    
    def index(request):
        latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
        template = loader.get_template('polls/index.html')
        context = { 
            'latest_question_list': latest_question_list,
        }
        return HttpResponse(template.render(context, request))
    
    
    def detail(request, question_id):
        try:
            question = Question.objects.get(pk=question_id)
        except Question.DoesNotExist:
            raise Http404("Question does not exist")
        return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', { 'question': question})
    
    
    def results(request, question_id):
        response = "You're looking at the results of question %s."
        return HttpResponse(response % question_id)
    
    
    def vote(request, question_id):
        return HttpResponse("You're voting on question %s." % question_id)

## polls.urls ##

from django.urls import path
    
    from . import views
    
    app_name = 'polls'
    # 增加命名空间，区分url
    urlpatterns = [
        path('', views.index, name='index'),
        # 获取最新的问题，默认作为初始页
        path('<int:question_id>/', views.detail, name='detail'),
        # 获取某个问题的详情页
        path('<int:question_id>/results/', views.results, name='results'),
        path('<int:question_id>/vote/', views.vote, name='vote'),
    ]

## polls/templates/polls/index.html ##

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>polls</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    {% if latest_question_list %}
        <ul>
        {% for question in latest_question_list %}
            <li><a href="/polls/{ { question.id }}/">{
       { question.question_text }}</a></li>
        {% endfor %}
        </ul>
    {% else %}
        <p>No polls are available.</p>
    {% endif %}
    </body>
    </html>

## polls/templates/polls/detail.html ##

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>polls 详情页</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1>{
       { question.question_text }}</h1>
    <ul>
    {% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}
        <li>{
       { choice.choice_text }}</li>
    {% endfor %}
    </ul>
    </body>
    </html>

## 运行项目 ##

py manage.py runserver

## 运行截图 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][20190812101933603.png]  
点击后  
![在这里插入图片描述][20190812101942688.png]

## 参考博客 ##

[Django表单][Django]  
[Django传值][Django 1]  
[用python专业版创建Django项目][python_Django]  
[Django创建一个应用项目][Django 2]  
[Django app2][]

[20190812101039254.png]: /images/20211018/3a3c9ad2250c4853920b116065b3de40.png
[20190812101933603.png]: /images/20211018/47e95b4be64340efa676efb90d00f887.png
[20190812101942688.png]: /images/20211018/57f8cba0ed874c5db855f2c7eafe91c7.png
[Django]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41146650/article/details/93660292
[Django 1]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41146650/article/details/93656232
[python_Django]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41146650/article/details/93654205
[Django 2]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41146650/article/details/99232683
[Django app2]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41146650/article/details/99238636