基于Vue的管理后台设计（布局篇）

缺乏、安全感 2021-10-14 02:44 1007阅读 1赞

**文章系列：**

*  [基于Vue的管理后台设计（布局篇）][Vue]
 *  [基于Vue的管理后台设计（登录鉴权篇）][Vue 1]
 *  [基于Vue的管理后台设计（打包部署篇）][Vue 2]

# 前言  #

我打算把接下来要写的几篇文章写成一个系列，用来记录一下如何基于Vue一步一步地搭建一个后台管理系统。

**文章前传：**

[《Vue组件中引入jQuery》][Vue_jQuery]

[《Webpack项目中引入Bootstrap4.x》][Webpack_Bootstrap4.x]

[《Webpack项目中使用ToolTipster》][Webpack_ToolTipster]

本篇文章就是这个系列的第一篇，将对整个系统的页面布局进行设计。在菜单目录树的实现中我们还将使用到前一篇 《前端无小事--Webpack项目中使用ToolTipster》中创建好的提示框组件，最终实现的页面效果如下。

![20190817172702876.gif][]

# Layout.vue #

整个页面的布局分为三块区域：左侧菜单区、顶部菜单栏和内容区。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3BlbmdqdW5sZWU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

下面是它的完整代码：

<template>
      <div class="layout">
        <div class="left-container" :style="{width: status.isCollapsed?'64px':'200px'}">
          <div class="logo-wrapper">
            <img style="width:50px;height:50px;" src="./DigitalX1.png" />
          </div>
          <div class="menu-wrapper">
            <v-menu v-for="(menu,index) in this.menu_list" :key="index" :menu="menu" :status="status"></v-menu>
          </div>
        </div>
    
        <div class="topbar-container" :style="{left: this.status.isCollapsed?'64px':'200px'}">
          <div class="btn btn-mini btn-success" @click="collapsed">
            <i class="icon-exchange"></i>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="content-container" :style="{left: this.status.isCollapsed?'64px':'200px'}">
          <div class="content">
            <router-view></router-view>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </template>
    <script>
    import $ from "jquery";
    import MenuItem from "../menu/MenuItem";
    
    export default {
      components: {
        "v-menu": MenuItem
      },
      data() {
        return {
          menu_list: [
            {
              path: "/home",
              title: "首页",
              icon: "icon-home icon-large"
            },
            {
              path: "/user",
              title: "用户管理",
              icon: "icon-user icon-large",
              children: [
                { path: "/user/roles", title: "用户角色" },
                { path: "/user/auths", title: "用户权限" }
              ]
            },
            {
              path: "/sys",
              title: "系统管理",
              icon: "icon-heart icon-large",
              children: [
                { path: "/sys/jobs", title: "定时任务" },
                { path: "/sys/menus", title: "菜单管理" }
              ]
            }
          ],
          status: {
            isCollapsed: false,
            currentMenu: "首页",
            parentMenu: "首页"
          }
        };
      },
      methods: {
        collapsed: function() {
          if (this.status.isCollapsed) {
            this.status.isCollapsed = false;
            $(".l2").removeClass("hidden");
          } else {
            this.status.isCollapsed = true;
            $(".l2").addClass("hidden");
          }
        }
      }
    };
    </script>
    <style scoped>
    .left-container {
      position: fixed;
      top: 0;
      bottom: 0;
      left: 0;
      z-index: 99;
      background-color: #f6f6f6;
      transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(96, 125, 139, 0.9),
        0 0 6px 0 rgba(96, 125, 139, 0.4);
    }
    .logo-wrapper {
      display: block;
      margin: 20px 5px;
      text-align: center;
    }
    .topbar-container {
      position: fixed;
      right: 0;
      top: 0;
      height: 48px;
      line-height: 48px;
      padding: 0 10px;
      background-color: #f6f6f6;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(96, 125, 139, 0.9),
        0 0 6px 0 rgba(96, 125, 139, 0.4);
      transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
      z-index: 99;
    }
    .content-container {
      position: fixed;
      right: 0;
      top: 48px;
      bottom: 0;
      padding: 16px;
      overflow: auto;
      transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
    }
    </style>

# MenuItem.vue #

MenuItem是一个自定义的菜单组件，每一个一级菜单都会被渲染成一个MenuItem实例，并包含了该一级菜单下面的二级菜单。

<template>
      <div class="menu">
        <div class="menu-box l1">
          <vue-tooltipster
            :tooltipsterOptions="{side:'right'}"
            v-if="hasChildren && status.isCollapsed"
          >
            <div
              :class="menu.title==status.parentMenu || menu.title==status.currentMenu? 'menu-item current-menu':'menu-item'"
              @click="menuClick($event)"
            >
              <span class="icon-span">
                <i v-bind:class="menu.icon"></i>
              </span>
            </div>
            <div slot="content">
              <li
                class="tip-menu"
                v-for="(submenu,index) in menu.children"
                :key="index"
                :title="submenu.title"
                @click="tipMenuClick($event)"
              >
                <span>{
       {submenu.title}}</span>
              </li>
            </div>
          </vue-tooltipster>
          <div
            v-else
            :class="menu.title==status.currentMenu? 'menu-item current-menu':'menu-item'"
            @click="menuClick($event)"
          >
            <span class="icon-span">
              <i v-bind:class="menu.icon"></i>
            </span>
            <span v-if="!status.isCollapsed">{
       {menu.title}}</span>
            <span class="arrow-span" v-if="hasChildren && !status.isCollapsed">
              <i v-if="showSubMenu" class="menu-arrow icon-angle-up icon-large"></i>
              <i v-else class="menu-arrow icon-angle-down icon-large"></i>
            </span>
          </div>
          <ul class="menu-box l2" v-if="showSubMenu && hasChildren && !status.isCollapsed">
            <li
              v-for="(submenu,index) in menu.children"
              :key="index"
              :class="submenu.title==status.currentMenu? 'menu-item current-menu':'menu-item'"
              :title="submenu.title"
              @click="subMenuClick($event)"
            >
              <span class="icon-span"></span>
              <span v-if="!status.isCollapsed">{
       {submenu.title}}</span>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </div>
      </div>
    </template>
    <script>
    import $ from "jquery";
    import VueTooltipster from "../tooltip/V-ToolTip";
    
    export default {
      data() {
        return {
          showSubMenu: this.menu.title == this.status.parentMenu
        };
      },
      components: {
        VueTooltipster
      },
      props: ["menu", "status"],
      computed: {
        hasChildren: function() {
          return this.menu.children && this.menu.children.length > 0;
        }
      },
      methods: {
        menuClick: function(event) {
          var $this = $(event.currentTarget);
          var $arrow = $this.find(".menu-arrow");
          if (this.hasChildren) {
            if ($arrow.hasClass("icon-angle-down")) {
              $arrow.removeClass("icon-angle-down").addClass("icon-angle-up");
              this.showSubMenu = true;
            } else {
              $arrow.removeClass("icon-angle-up").addClass("icon-angle-down");
              this.showSubMenu = false;
            }
          } else {
            this.status.parentMenu = this.menu.title;
            this.status.currentMenu = this.menu.title;
            $(".menu-item").removeClass("current-menu");
            $this.addClass("current-menu");
            console.log("进入菜单:"+this.status.currentMenu);
          }
        },
        subMenuClick: function(event) {
          var $this = $(event.currentTarget);
          $(".menu-item").removeClass("current-menu");
          $this.addClass("current-menu");
          this.status.parentMenu = this.menu.title;
          this.status.currentMenu = $this.attr("title");
          console.log("进入菜单:"+this.status.currentMenu);
        },
        tipMenuClick: function(event) {
          var $this = $(event.currentTarget);
          this.status.currentMenu = $this.attr("title");
          this.status.parentMenu = this.menu.title;
          console.log("进入菜单:"+this.status.currentMenu);
        }
      }
    };
    </script>
    <style scoped>
    .menu-box {
      text-align: left;
      list-style: none;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }
    .menu-item {
      cursor: pointer;
      color: black;
      line-height: 48px;
      white-space: nowrap;
      list-style: none;
    }
    .menu-item:hover {
      color: #7bb6e4;
      background-color: rgba(40, 167, 69, 0.5);
    }
    .current-menu {
      color: white !important;
      background-color: #28a745 !important;
    }
    .tip-menu {
      cursor: pointer;
      color: black;
      line-height: 48px;
      white-space: nowrap;
      list-style: none;
    }
    .tip-menu:hover {
      color: #28a745;
    }
    .icon-span {
      display: inline-block;
      width: 64px;
      padding-left: 22px;
    }
    .arrow-span {
      display: inline-block;
      position: absolute;
      right: 20px;
    }
    .hidden {
      display: none !important;
    }
    </style>

**==============================我是分割线===============================**

如果你想和我一样自己写一个目录树组件，我的建议是 最好不要自己写 ，原因很简单 可能出现的意外太多了，你很难能考虑到所有情况。所以，你的目录树组件好用不好用还不一定。我上面自己写的那个组件在实际使用时就出现了问题：当用户直接在地址栏输入地址时，如何定位到菜单；当用户输入一个错误的地址时，菜单要如何展示；云云。。。

明智的做法是使用开源的组件，省得去重复造轮子，关键是稳定性也是经过大家考验的。

例如，我使用的是 [Element ][Element]，对上面的布局进行调整后代码如下：

<template>
      <div class="layout">
        <div class="left-container" :style="{width: status.isCollapsed?'64px':'200px'}">
          <div class="logo-wrapper">
            <img style="width:50px;height:50px;" src="./DigitalX1.png" />
          </div>
          <div class="menu-wrapper">
            <el-menu
              text-color="#000000"
              active-text-color="#ffffff"
              router
              unique-opened
              :collapse="status.isCollapsed"
              :default-active="$route.path"
            >
              <template v-for="(menu, index) in menu_list">
                <el-menu-item class="menu-item" v-if="!menu.children" :index="menu.path" :key="index">
                  <i :class="menu.icon" style="font-size:24px;"></i>
                  <span slot="title">{
       {menu.title}}</span>
                </el-menu-item>
                <el-submenu v-else :index="menu.path">
                  <template slot="title">
                    <i :class="menu.icon" style="font-size:24px;"></i>
                    <span slot="title">{
       {menu.title}}</span>
                  </template>
                  <el-menu-item
                    class="menu-item"
                    v-for="(subMenu, subIndex) in menu.children"
                    :index="subMenu.path"
                    :key="subIndex"
                  >
                    <span slot="title" style="margin-left:13px;">{
       {subMenu.title}}</span>
                  </el-menu-item>
                </el-submenu>
              </template>
            </el-menu>
          </div>
        </div>
    
        <div class="topbar-container" :style="{left: this.status.isCollapsed?'64px':'200px'}">
          <div class="el-button el-button--default el-button--small" @click="collapsed">
            <i id="collapsedIcon" class="el-icon-s-fold"></i>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="content-container" :style="{left: this.status.isCollapsed?'64px':'200px'}">
          <div class="content" style="height: 100%;">
            <router-view></router-view>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </template>
    <script>
    export default {
      data() {
        return {
          menu_list: [
            {
              path: "/home",
              title: "首页",
              icon: "el-icon-s-home"
            },
            {
              path: "/user",
              title: "用户管理",
              icon: "el-icon-user-solid",
              children: [
                { path: "/user/roles", title: "用户角色" },
                { path: "/user/auths", title: "用户权限" }
              ]
            },
            {
              path: "/sys",
              title: "系统管理",
              icon: "el-icon-s-tools",
              children: [
                { path: "/sys/jobs", title: "定时任务" },
                { path: "/sys/menus", title: "菜单管理" }
              ]
            }
          ],
          status: {
            isCollapsed: false,
            parentMenu: "用户管理"
          }
        };
      },
      methods: {
        collapsed: function() {
          if (this.status.isCollapsed) {
            this.status.isCollapsed = false;
            $("#collapsedIcon")
              .removeClass("el-icon-s-unfold")
              .addClass("el-icon-s-fold");
          } else {
            this.status.isCollapsed = true;
            $("#collapsedIcon")
              .removeClass("el-icon-s-fold")
              .addClass("el-icon-s-unfold");
          }
        }
      }
    };
    </script>
    <style scoped>
    .left-container {
      position: fixed;
      top: 0;
      bottom: 0;
      left: 0;
      z-index: 99;
      background-color: #f6f6f6;
      transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(96, 125, 139, 0.9),
        0 0 6px 0 rgba(96, 125, 139, 0.4);
    }
    .logo-wrapper {
      display: block;
      margin: 20px 5px;
      text-align: center;
    }
    .topbar-container {
      position: fixed;
      right: 0;
      top: 0;
      height: 48px;
      line-height: 48px;
      padding: 0 10px;
      background-color: #f6f6f6;
      box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(96, 125, 139, 0.9),
        0 0 6px 0 rgba(96, 125, 139, 0.4);
      transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
      z-index: 99;
    }
    .content-container {
      position: fixed;
      right: 0;
      top: 48px;
      bottom: 0;
      padding: 16px;
      overflow: auto;
      transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
    }
    .menu-item.is-active {
      background-color: #28a745 !important;
    }
    </style>

代码少了不少，是不是清爽了许多！！！

[Vue]: https://blog.csdn.net/pengjunlee/article/details/99695639
[Vue 1]: https://blog.csdn.net/pengjunlee/article/details/100070729
[Vue 2]: https://blog.csdn.net/pengjunlee/article/details/100746827
[Vue_jQuery]: https://blog.csdn.net/pengjunlee/article/details/98758301
[Webpack_Bootstrap4.x]: https://blog.csdn.net/pengjunlee/article/details/98976445
[Webpack_ToolTipster]: https://blog.csdn.net/pengjunlee/article/details/99471301
[20190817172702876.gif]: /images/20211013/92e5357ab3534a409e90f661988fd1b9.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3BlbmdqdW5sZWU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20211013/a5f894fd4172438bb59bd7598b2f2c81.png
[Element]: https://element.eleme.cn/#/zh-CN