解读JDK8中的Optional.of和Optional.ofNullable方法的区别和用法

- 日理万妓 2021-10-09 08:28 997阅读 0赞

话不多说，因为笔者用他反而报NPE了。。。。

通常来说，我使用Optional是用来设置默认值的，杜绝null的出现。但是最近使用Optional.of报空指针了。。

那么我们先看看源码：

/**
         * Returns an {@code Optional} with the specified present non-null value.
         *
         * @param <T> the class of the value
         * @param value the value to be present, which must be non-null
         * @return an {@code Optional} with the value present
         * @throws NullPointerException if value is null
         */
        public static <T> Optional<T> of(T value) {
            return new Optional<>(value);
        }
    
        /**
         * Constructs an instance with the value present.
         *
         * @param value the non-null value to be present
         * @throws NullPointerException if value is null
         */
        private Optional(T value) {
            this.value = Objects.requireNonNull(value);
        }
    
      /**
         * Checks that the specified object reference is not {@code null}. This
         * method is designed primarily for doing parameter validation in methods
         * and constructors, as demonstrated below:
         * <blockquote><pre>
         * public Foo(Bar bar) {
         *     this.bar = Objects.requireNonNull(bar);
         * }
         * </pre></blockquote>
         *
         * @param obj the object reference to check for nullity
         * @param <T> the type of the reference
         * @return {@code obj} if not {@code null}
         * @throws NullPointerException if {@code obj} is {@code null}
         */
        public static <T> T requireNonNull(T obj) {
            if (obj == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            return obj;
        }

顺着方法一步步走查，发现，如果T value是null，那么使用Optional.of(T value)就会手动抛出NullPointerException()。

所以，使用该方法格外注意，不能有null。

那么我们该用哪个方法呢：

Optional.ofNullable：

/**
         * Returns an {@code Optional} describing the specified value, if non-null,
         * otherwise returns an empty {@code Optional}.
         *
         * @param <T> the class of the value
         * @param value the possibly-null value to describe
         * @return an {@code Optional} with a present value if the specified value
         * is non-null, otherwise an empty {@code Optional}
         */
        public static <T> Optional<T> ofNullable(T value) {
            return value == null ? empty() : of(value);
        }
    
        /**
         * Returns an empty {@code Optional} instance.  No value is present for this
         * Optional.
         *
         * @apiNote Though it may be tempting to do so, avoid testing if an object
         * is empty by comparing with {@code ==} against instances returned by
         * {@code Option.empty()}. There is no guarantee that it is a singleton.
         * Instead, use {@link #isPresent()}.
         *
         * @param <T> Type of the non-existent value
         * @return an empty {@code Optional}
         */
        public static<T> Optional<T> empty() {
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
            Optional<T> t = (Optional<T>) EMPTY;
            return t;
        }
    
        /**
         * Common instance for {@code empty()}.
         */
        private static final Optional<?> EMPTY = new Optional<>();
    
        /**
         * Constructs an empty instance.
         *
         * @implNote Generally only one empty instance, {@link Optional#EMPTY},
         * should exist per VM.
         */
        private Optional() {
            this.value = null;
        }
    
        /**
         * Return the value if present, otherwise return {@code other}.
         *
         * @param other the value to be returned if there is no value present, may
         * be null
         * @return the value, if present, otherwise {@code other}
         */
        public T orElse(T other) {
            return value != null ? value : other;
        }

诶，这个方法可以，如果value为null，那么就会手动创建一个new Optional()；但是this.value = null。所以这个时候就跳出了手动抛空指针那个代码块。这个时候，我们就可以使用orElse(T other)。看源码，如果value == null，那么将取other的值。