Linux下安装python3.6、pip3和numpy

红太狼 2021-09-28 18:40 1120阅读 0赞

# Linux下安装python3.6.8、pip3和numpy #

本文是基于ubuntu系统环境，安装和使用python3.6和pip3

*  **Ubuntu 14.04**
 *  **python 3.6.8**

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### (1) 安装python3.6.8 ###

*  **官网下载python 3.6.8**  
    [Python-3.6.8.tgz ][Python-3.6.8.tgz]
 *  **进入下载目录，进行解压**

tar -xzvf Python-3.6.8.tgz
    # 可能会出现解压错误，那么执行下面代码
    gzip -d Python-3.6.8.tgz
    tar -xvf Python-3.6.8.tar

*  **进入解压目录**

cd Python-3.6.8

*  **设置安装路径并安装**

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.6 --enable-shared
    make
    sudo make install
    # 在make install的时候可能会出现ZipImportError异常，
    # 此时可以考虑在一台相同系统的机器下利用sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev 解决，
    # 然后将生成的包python3.6拷贝至此电脑中
    # 检查/usr/bin/目录下是否有链接 python3，如果有则删除
    sudo rm -r /usr/bin/python3
    # 如果没有则，执行下面的命令
    sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3.6/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
    sudo cp -R /usr/local/python3.6/lib/* /usr/lib
    sudo cp /usr/local/python3.6.3/lib/libpython3.6m.so.1.0 /usr/lib64/

*  **检查python 3.6.8是否安装成功**

python3 -V

### (2) 安装pip ###

*  **python 3.6.8中自带了pip，所以只需要建立链接就行**

sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3.6/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip

*  **检查pip是否安装成功**

pip -V

### (3) 安装第三方包numpy ###

### 使用pip安装numpy ###

sudo pip install numpy

### 离线安装numpy ###

*  **去官网下载numpy安装包.whl文件**  
    [numpy-1.16.4-cp36-cp36m-manylinux1\_x86\_64.whl][numpy-1.16.4-cp36-cp36m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl]
 *  **打开命令终端**

pip install numpy-1.16.4-cp36-cp36m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl

*  **去官网下载numpy安装包.tgz文件**

# ".tar.gz"文件解压
    tar -xzvf numpy-1.15.0.tar.gz 
    # 进入目录"numpy-1.15.0"
    cd numpy-1.15.0
    # 找到“setup.py”文件，然后安装
    python3 setup.py install

### (4) 安装异常问题 ###

*  **ZipImportError异常**

# 如果在make install的时候出现下面的错误
    # zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available
    # Makefile:1079: recipe for target 'install' failed
    # make: *** [install] Error 1
    # 那么，执行下面的命令，并且重新 make & make install
    sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev
    make
    sudo make install

*  **ModuleNotFoundError异常**

# 如果在sudo pip install numpy的时候出现下面的错误
    # File"/usr/local/lib/python3.6/subprocess.py", line 418,in run 
    # output=stdout, stderr=stderr)subprocess.CalledProcessError:
    # Command'('lsb_release', '-a')'returned non-zeroexitstatus 1.
    # 解决思路：
    # 找到lsb_release.py文件和CommandNotFound目录，把它们拷贝到报的错误中
    # subprocess.py所在文件夹
    sudo find / -name 'lsb_release.py'
    # result：
    # /usr/share/pyshared/lsb_release.py
    # /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/lsb_release.py
    # /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/lsb_release.py
    sudo cp /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/lsb_release.py /usr/local/python3.6/lib/python3.6/

--------------------

[Python-3.6.8.tgz]: https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.8/
[numpy-1.16.4-cp36-cp36m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl]: https://pypi.org/project/numpy/#files