基于RabbitMQ 的 Web MQTT插件进行前端消息实时推送

川长思鸟来 2021-09-24 15:18 1646阅读 0赞

### 目录 ###

*  RabbitMQ
 *  What is AMQP, MQTT, STOMP ?
 *  How to use RabbitMQ with MQTT ?
 *   *  1. Docker 安装RabbitMQ
     *  2. MQTT插件启用
     *  3. 查看 rabbitmq\_mqtt 默认配置
     *  4. 采用JS 前端订阅发布mqtt消息
     *  5. 采用Java 订阅发布mqtt消息
     *  6. 稍作改动可切换阿里云MQTT消息队列

# RabbitMQ #

不多说了，它是实现了高级消息队列协议（AMQP）的开源消息代理软件（亦称面向消息的中间件）。用它解决微服务各种服务的解耦等等。

# What is AMQP, MQTT, STOMP ? #

先搞懂一些协议层面上的东西 AMQP, MQTT,STOMP

*  AMQP代表高级消息队列协议
 *  MQTT（消息队列遥测传输）
 *  STOMP（简单/流式文本导向的消息传递协议）是这三种协议中唯——种基于文本的协议

说的直白了，  
AMQP 用在后端微服务中比较多，RocketMQ、 Kafka等这些消息软件都实现了这种高级协议  
MQTT 能传递文本、语音、图片、视频等二进制数据  
STOMP 简单文本传输

**MQTT协议 用在终端消息推送比较多，现在的物联网产品里面大都有MQTT技术的身影。**

**RabbitMQ 支持以上三种协议**

选择你的消息协议 AMQP, MQTT,STOMP，请看大神博客：  
[https://www.yuque.com/noobwo/mq/hpiop0][https_www.yuque.com_noobwo_mq_hpiop0]

# How to use RabbitMQ with MQTT ? #

> 首先请确保你对 rabbitmq使用已经熟悉了，不熟悉的请自行学习，很简单的使用。

如果不想看英文官方文档，网上不错的rabbitmq基本使用 博客  
[https://www.cnblogs.com/refuge/category/1395422.html][https_www.cnblogs.com_refuge_category_1395422.html]

## 1. Docker 安装RabbitMQ ##

docker run -d --hostname myrabbit-test --name mq-rabbit -p 15674:15674 -p 15675:15675 -p 5672:5672 -p 15672:15672 -p 1883:1883 -e  RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_VHOST=my_vhost -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=admin -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=Admin123 rabbitmq:latest

**端口说明：**

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>端口</th> 
   <th>说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>5672</td> 
   <td>后台SDK TCP方式连接rabbitmq的端口，发送rabbitmq AMQP协议的消息</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>15672</td> 
   <td>rabbitmq 管理界面登录访问的端口</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>15674</td> 
   <td>rabbitmq STOMP WebSocket方式 访问的端口 ，比如JS订阅发布mqtt消息</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>15675</td> 
   <td>rabbitmq MQTT WebSocket方式 访问的端口 ，比如JS订阅发布mqtt消息</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>1883</td> 
   <td>rabbitmq MQTT TCP方式访问的端口 ，比如java订阅发布mqtt消息</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**RABBITMQ\_DEFAULT\_VHOST** 相当于一个相对独立的RabbitMQ服务器，每个VirtualHost  
之间是相互隔离的，里面的exchange、queue、message不能互通， VirtualHost可以看成相当于mysql中的一个Database.

## 2. MQTT插件启用 ##

镜像 rabbitmq:latest 启动的容器里面，默认没有启用各个插件，**请进入容器启用各个插件**。  
STOMP 不用可以不启用该插件。

rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
    rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_web_mqtt

## 3. 查看 rabbitmq\_mqtt 默认配置 ##

rabbitmq的配置文件在哪里？  
一般在 /etc/rabbitmq/下面，Windows可查看README.txt文，一般在 %APPDATA%\\RabbitMQ\\rabbitmq.config

具体说明，请查看官方文档：  
[https://www.rabbitmq.com/configure.html\#config-file-location][https_www.rabbitmq.com_configure.html_config-file-location]

如果你想使用默认配置文件时，请确保如下配置已经做好：

*  mqtt 默认vhost 为“/” 请登录rabbitmq管理后台创建该 vhost
 *  mqtt 默认 exchange 为 “amq.topic”
 *  mqtt 默认 用户名和密码 为 guest/guest，当然连接的时候可以指定其他用户，比如docker创建的时候指定的 admin用户，请确保该用户有访问 vhost “/”的权限  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d6dDE5ODgxMTIz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]

## 4. 采用JS 前端订阅发布mqtt消息 ##

不多说，直接上代码，html代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
    <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="zh-CN">
    <head>
        <title>Mqtt Websockets</title>
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/paho-mqtt/1.0.1/mqttws31.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
        <script src="http://libs.baidu.com/jquery/2.0.0/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    
        <style type="text/css"> .button { background-color: #4CAF50; border: none; color: white; padding: 8px 20px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; font-size: 16px; margin: 4px 2px; cursor: pointer; } </style>
        <script type="text/javascript"> // 工具类 日期函数 function getFormatDate() { var date = new Date(); var month = date.getMonth() + 1; var strDate = date.getDate(); var strHours = date.getHours(); var strMinutes = date.getMinutes(); var strSeconds = date.getSeconds(); if (month >= 1 && month <= 9) { month = "0" + month; } if (strDate >= 0 && strDate <= 9) { strDate = "0" + strDate; } if (strHours >= 0 && strHours <= 9) { strHours = "0" + strHours; } if (strMinutes >= 0 && strMinutes <= 9) { strMinutes = "0" + strMinutes; } if (strSeconds >= 0 && strSeconds <= 9) { strSeconds = "0" + strSeconds; } return date.getFullYear() + "-" + month + "-" + strDate + " " + strHours + ":" + strMinutes + ":" + strSeconds; } </script>
    
        <script type="text/javascript"> // RabbitMq 服务器IP地址或域名地址 const host = '127.0.0.1'; //WebSocket 协议服务端口，如果是走 HTTPS，设置443端口 const port = 15675; //需要操作的 Topic,第一级父级 topic const topic = 'MIDDOL-TEST'; //设备唯一id const clientId = "myclientid_" + parseInt(Math.random() * 10000, 10); //服务连接失败后重新尝试连接的时间间隔 const reconnectTimeout = 10000; // RabbitMq 用户名密码，确保该用户可以访问mqtt资源权限 const cleansession = true; // RabbitMq 用户名密码，确保该用户可以访问mqtt资源权限 const username = 'admin'; const password = 'Admin123'; //是否走加密 HTTPS，如果走 HTTPS，设置为 true const useTLS = false; // MQTT 客户端引用对象 let mqtt; function MQTTconnect() { mqtt = new Paho.MQTT.Client(host, port, "/ws", clientId); mqtt.onConnectionLost = onConnectionLost; mqtt.onMessageArrived = onMessageArrived; let options = { timeout: 3, keepAliveInterval: 60, mqttVersion: 4, cleanSession: cleansession, onSuccess: onConnect, onFailure: onFailure, useSSL: useTLS, userName: username, password: password }; mqtt.connect(options); } // 连接服务器失败 function onFailure(message) { console.log("onFailure : " + message); $("#arrivedDiv").append("<div style='color: red'> " + getFormatDate() + " onFailure : " + message.errorMessage + " </div>"); setTimeout(MQTTconnect, reconnectTimeout); } // 连接上服务器 function onConnect() { // 订阅某个主题 mqtt.subscribe(topic, { qos: 0}); // 订阅P2P主题 mqtt.subscribe(topic + "/p2p/" + clientId, { qos: 0}); // 发布主题消息 let message = new Paho.MQTT.Message("Connect success, Hello mqtt!"); // set topic message.destinationName = topic; mqtt.send(message); //发送 P2P 消息 message = new Paho.MQTT.Message("Connect success, Hello mqtt P2P Msg!"); // set topic message.destinationName = topic + "/p2p/" + clientId; mqtt.send(message); } // 未连接服务器 function onConnectionLost(response) { console.log("onConnectionLost : " + response); setTimeout(MQTTconnect, reconnectTimeout); } // 接收到mqtt消息 function onMessageArrived(message) { let topic = message.destinationName; let payload = message.payloadString; // console.log("recv msg : " + topic + " " + payload); $("#arrivedDiv").append("<div> " + getFormatDate() + " recv msg : topic=" + topic + " ,payload=" + payload + " </div>") } // MQTT 连接初始化 MQTTconnect(); // 发送测试 function testMessageSend() { let msg = $("#testMessage").val(); if (msg == null || msg === '') { $("#arrivedDiv").append("<div style='color: red'>请在文本框输入消息后点击发送按钮</div>") return; } // 发布主题消息 //set body let message = new Paho.MQTT.Message(msg); // set topic message.destinationName = topic; mqtt.send(message); } function testMessageClean() { $("#arrivedDiv").html("<br/>"); } $(function () { $("#myClientIdSpan").html("" + clientId); }) </script>
    </head>
    
    <div style="margin-top: 30px;">
        <span>MQTT设备ID（clientId）：</span><span id="myClientIdSpan" style="font-weight: bold;"></span>
        <br/><br/>
        <label style="font-weight: bold" for="testMessage">MQTT消息：</label>
        <input style="height: 25px; width: 180px;" maxlength="60" value="这是一条测试消息" id="testMessage"/>
        <button class="button" id="mySendBtn" onclick="testMessageSend()"> 点击发送</button>
    
        <button class="button" id="cleanSendBtn" onclick="testMessageClean()"> 清空日志</button>
    </div>
    
    <div style="margin-top: 30px">
    
        <div style="font-size: 20px;color: darkcyan"> 接收到的mqtt消息日志</div>
        <hr/>
        <div id="arrivedDiv" style="height:600px; width:1000px; overflow:scroll; background:#EEEEEE;">
            <br/>
        </div>
    
    </div>
    </html>

主要查看上面js里面 RabbitMq 服务器IP地址或域名地址和端口号主要信息，运行如下界面：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d6dDE5ODgxMTIz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]

## 5. 采用Java 订阅发布mqtt消息 ##

mqtt作为行业通用协议，支持很多种语言开发，具体SDK请查看如下：

[https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/zh/doc-detail/44866.htm?spm=a2c63.p38356.b99.49.18af6586hItGUj][https_www.alibabacloud.com_help_zh_doc-detail_44866.htm_spm_a2c63.p38356.b99.49.18af6586hItGUj]

本次采用 org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3 SDK进行订阅发布MQTT消息。

POM.xml引入Maven依赖：

<dependency>
                <groupId>org.eclipse.paho</groupId>
                <artifactId>org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3</artifactId>
                <version>1.2.2</version>
            </dependency>

JAVA 主要代码如下：

package com.test.rabbitmq.mqtt;
    
    import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.*;
    import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.persist.MemoryPersistence;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    
    import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
    import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
    import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
    
    /** * MqttClient demo service * * @author admin */
    public class MyMqttService { 
    
        private static org.slf4j.Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyMqttService.class);
    
        private MqttClient client;
        private String defaultTopic;
    
        /** * Builder模式构造实例 */
        public static class Builder { 
            private String host;
            private String userName;
            private String passWord;
            private String clientId;
            private String defaultTopic = "MyMqttTopic";
            private MqttCallback callback;
            private boolean cleanSession;
    
            public Builder host(String host) { 
                this.host = host;
                return this;
            }
    
            public Builder userName(String userName) { 
                this.userName = userName;
                return this;
            }
    
            public Builder passWord(String passWord) { 
                this.passWord = passWord;
                return this;
            }
    
            public Builder clientId(String clientId) { 
                this.clientId = clientId;
                return this;
            }
    
            public Builder defaultTopic(String defaultTopic) { 
                this.defaultTopic = defaultTopic;
                return this;
            }
    
            public Builder callback(MqttCallback callback) { 
                this.callback = callback;
                return this;
            }
    
            public Builder cleanSession(boolean cleanSession) { 
                this.cleanSession = cleanSession;
                return this;
            }
    
            public MyMqttService build() { 
                return new MyMqttService(this);
            }
        }
    
        public static Builder builder() { 
            return new Builder();
        }
    
        private MyMqttService(Builder builder) { 
            defaultTopic = builder.defaultTopic;
            final ExecutorService executorService = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1, 0, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                    new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(), r -> { 
                Thread t = new Thread(r);
                t.setName("MyMQTT线程");
                return t;
            });
            try { 
                //id应该保持唯一性
                client = new MqttClient(builder.host, builder.clientId, new MemoryPersistence());
                MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
                options.setCleanSession(builder.cleanSession);
                options.setUserName(builder.userName);
                options.setPassword(builder.passWord.toCharArray());
                options.setConnectionTimeout(10);
                options.setKeepAliveInterval(20);
                if (builder.callback == null) { 
                    client.setCallback(new MqttCallbackExtended() { 
    
                        @Override
                        public void connectComplete(boolean reconnect, String serveruri) { 
                            // 客户端连接成功后就需要尽快订阅需要的 topic
                            logger.debug(builder.clientId + " connectComplete reconnect=" + reconnect + ", serveruri=" + serveruri);
    
                            // 参考阿里云mqtt文档 https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/zh/doc-detail/42420.htm?spm=a2c63.p38356.b99.12.87851d06uHImcQ
                            /* * cleanSession=true：客户端再次上线时，将不再关心之前所有的订阅关系以及离线消息。 * cleanSession=false：客户端再次上线时，还需要处理之前的离线消息，而之前的订阅关系也会持续生效 * QoS0 代表最多分发一次 * QoS1 代表至少达到一次 * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * |QoS级别 | cleanSession=true |cleanSession=false | * | QoS0 | 无离线消息，在线消息只尝试推一次。 |无离线消息，在线消息只尝试推一次。 | * | QoS1 | 无离线消息，在线消息保证可达。 |有离线消息，所有消息保证可达。 | * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
                            final String[] topicFilter = { builder.defaultTopic, builder.defaultTopic.concat("/p2p/").concat(builder.clientId)};
                            final int[] qos = { 0, 0};
                            executorService.submit(() -> subscribe(topicFilter, qos));
                        }
    
                        @Override
                        public void connectionLost(Throwable arg0) { 
                            logger.debug(builder.clientId + " connectionLost " + arg0);
                        }
    
                        @Override
                        public void deliveryComplete(IMqttDeliveryToken arg0) { 
    
                            logger.debug(builder.clientId + " deliveryComplete " + arg0);
                        }
    
                        @Override
                        public void messageArrived(String arg0, MqttMessage arg1) { 
    
                            logger.debug(builder.clientId + " messageArrived: " + arg1.toString());
                        }
                    });
                } else { 
                    client.setCallback(builder.callback);
                }
                client.connect(options);
            } catch (MqttException e) { 
                logger.error("MyMqttService 初始化异常 ", e);
            }
        }
    
        /** * 发送消息，默认主题 * * @param msg 消息 */
        public void sendMessage(String msg) { 
            sendMessage(defaultTopic, msg);
        }
    
        /** * 发送指定主题消息 * * @param topic 主题 * @param msg 消息 */
        public void sendMessage(String topic, String msg) { 
            try { 
                MqttMessage message = new MqttMessage(msg.getBytes());
                message.setQos(0);
                message.setRetained(false);
                client.publish(topic, message);
                logger.info("发送消息成功 topic={},msg={}", topic, msg);
            } catch (MqttException e) { 
                logger.error("发送主题消息异常 topic={} ,msg={}", topic, msg, e);
            }
        }
    
        /** * 订阅主题 * * @param topicFilters 主题名称 * @param qos 规则 */
        public void subscribe(String[] topicFilters, int[] qos) { 
            try { 
                client.subscribe(topicFilters, qos);
                for (int i = 0; i < topicFilters.length; i++) { 
                    logger.info("subscribe success topicFilters={}, qos={}", topicFilters[i], qos[i]);
                }
    
            } catch (MqttException e) { 
                logger.error("订阅主题", e);
            }
        }
    
        /** * 取消订阅某个主题 * * @param topicFilters 主题名称 */
        public void unsubscribe(String[] topicFilters) { 
            try { 
                client.unsubscribe(topicFilters);
            } catch (MqttException e) { 
                logger.error("取消订阅某个主题", e);
            }
        }
    
        public void closeClient(boolean force) { 
            try { 
                client.close(force);
            } catch (MqttException e) { 
                logger.error("closeClient异常", e);
            }
        }
    }

写个main方法测试一下哦：

package com.test.rabbitmq.mqtt;
    
    public class MyMqttTestService { 
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { 
    
            MyMqttService service = MyMqttService.builder()
                    .host("tcp://127.0.0.1:1883")
                    .userName("admin")
                    .passWord("Admin123")
                    .clientId("myclientid_10001")
                    .defaultTopic("MIDDOL-TEST")
                    .cleanSession(true).build();
    
            Thread.sleep(3000L);
            service.sendMessage("这是java后端发送的消息");
    
            // service.closeClient(false);
        }
    }

运行一下看发生了什么？  
控制台信息如下：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d6dDE5ODgxMTIz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 2]

刚刚运行的html页面也同时受到了java后端发送的消息。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d6dDE5ODgxMTIz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 3]  
查看rabbitmq 管理后台的channel 出现两个链接  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d6dDE5ODgxMTIz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 4]

前端发送一个消息看看：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d6dDE5ODgxMTIz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 5]

后端同样可以受到消息：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d6dDE5ODgxMTIz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 6]

## 6. 稍作改动可切换阿里云MQTT消息队列 ##

阿里云的MQTT消息队列的SDK代码几乎和上面一致，多了 accessKey权限校验等。  
[https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/zh/doc-detail/59721.htm?spm=a2c63.p38356.b99.48.28d04a9bVXkQM4][https_www.alibabacloud.com_help_zh_doc-detail_59721.htm_spm_a2c63.p38356.b99.48.28d04a9bVXkQM4]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d6dDE5ODgxMTIz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 7]

[https_www.yuque.com_noobwo_mq_hpiop0]: https://www.yuque.com/noobwo/mq/hpiop0
[https_www.cnblogs.com_refuge_category_1395422.html]: https://www.cnblogs.com/refuge/category/1395422.html
[https_www.rabbitmq.com_configure.html_config-file-location]: https://www.rabbitmq.com/configure.html#config-file-location
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d6dDE5ODgxMTIz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]: /images/20210923/7708babb62754509b75dffb3faf2a353.png
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[https_www.alibabacloud.com_help_zh_doc-detail_44866.htm_spm_a2c63.p38356.b99.49.18af6586hItGUj]: https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/zh/doc-detail/44866.htm?spm=a2c63.p38356.b99.49.18af6586hItGUj
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