华为交换机5720常用命令

太过爱你忘了你带给我的痛 2021-09-22 13:28 855阅读 0赞

（一）交换机的概念

交换机（Switch）意为“开关”是一种用于电（光）信号转发的网络设备。它可以为接入交换机的任意两个网络节点提供独享的电信号通路。

以太网交换机是基于以太网传输数据的交换机，以太网采用共享总线型传输媒体方式的局域网。以太网交换机的结构是每个端口都直接与主机相连，并且一般都工作在全双工方式。交换机能同时连通许多对端口，使每一对相互通信的主机都能像独占通信媒体那样，进行无冲突地传输数据。

（二）华为5720的配置命令

1 配置IP地址

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:148.6pt;"> 命令 </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:70.9pt;"> 缩写 </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:195.3pt;"> 解释 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:148.6pt;"> system-view&nbsp; </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:70.9pt;"> sy&nbsp; </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:195.3pt;"> 系统视图 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:148.6pt;"> vlan &nbsp;4 </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:70.9pt;"> &nbsp; </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:195.3pt;"> 创建交换机管理vlan 4 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:148.6pt;"> management-vlan </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:70.9pt;"> &nbsp; </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:195.3pt;"> &nbsp; </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:148.6pt;"> quit </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:70.9pt;"> q </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:195.3pt;"> 退出 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:148.6pt;"> interface vlanif 4 </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:70.9pt;"> &nbsp; </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:195.3pt;"> 进入虚拟局域网接口4 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:148.6pt;"> ip address 192.168.11.11&nbsp;24 </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:70.9pt;"> &nbsp; </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:195.3pt;"> 虚拟局域网4 配置IP地址11.11&nbsp; </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:148.6pt;"> quit </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:70.9pt;"> &nbsp; </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:195.3pt;"> &nbsp; </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:148.6pt;"> &nbsp; </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:70.9pt;"> &nbsp; </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:195.3pt;"> &nbsp; </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

2 配置Telnet

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:483px;"> 命令 </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:366px;"> 解释 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:483px;"> telnet server enable </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:366px;"> telnet 出厂时候是关闭的，需要打开 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:483px;"> user-interface vty 0 4 </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:366px;"> 最大允许虚拟终端用户0 1 2 3 4 共5个 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:483px;"> protocol inbound telnet </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:366px;"> 配置允许登录接入的用户类型 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:483px;"> authentication-mode aaa </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:366px;"> 推荐使用aaa认证 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:483px;"> idle-timeout&nbsp; 15 </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:366px;"> 设置终端用户超时 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:483px;"> quit </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:366px;"> 退出 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:483px;">aaa</td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:366px;">telnet常用于设备管理员登录，推荐使用aaa认证</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:483px;"> local-user admin password irreversible-cipher ***&nbsp; </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:366px;"> &nbsp;配置用户名和密码 使用不可逆密码 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:483px;">local-user admin privilege level 15</td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:366px;">将管理员的权限设置为15 (最高)</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;width:483px;">local-user admin server-type telnet</td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:366px;">admin 开启telnet服务</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

3配置Vlan的部分命令

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> vlan 3 </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> 创建VLAN 3 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> port GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> 在VLAN中增加端口 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> port GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 to 0/0/5 </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> 在VLAN中增加端口 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> port Gig 0/0/1 to 0/0/5 </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> 在VLAN中增加端口 </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

4 配置端口的部分命令

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> int GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> 进入到GigabitEthernet &nbsp;0/0/1端口下 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> speed 10|100|1000|auto </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> 端口速率选择 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> mdi across|auto|normal </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> 配置端口平接按钮 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> port link-type {trunk|access|hybrid} </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> 设置端口工作模式 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> port access vlan 3 </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> 当前端口加入到vlan </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> port trunk permit vlan {ID|All} 　 </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> 设置trunk允许的VLAN </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> port trunk pvid vlan 3 </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> 设置trunk端口的PVID </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> undo shutdown </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> 激活端口 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> shutdown </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> 关闭端口 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> quit </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:207.4pt;"> 返回 </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

5 其它常用命令

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:155.7pt;"> display current-configuration </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:63.8pt;"> dis cur </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:195.3pt;"> 显示当前配置 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:155.7pt;"> display interfaces </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:63.8pt;"> &nbsp; </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:195.3pt;"> 显示接口信息 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:155.7pt;"> display vlan </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:63.8pt;"> &nbsp; </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:195.3pt;"> 显示路由信息 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:155.7pt;"> display version </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:63.8pt;"> &nbsp; </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:195.3pt;"> 显示版本信息 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:155.7pt;"> super password </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:63.8pt;"> &nbsp; </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:195.3pt;"> 修改特权用户密码 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:155.7pt;"> sysname </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:63.8pt;"> &nbsp; </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:195.3pt;"> 交换机命名 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:155.7pt;"> interfaceGigabitEthernet &nbsp;0/0/1 </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:63.8pt;"> &nbsp; </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:195.3pt;"> 进入接口视图 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:155.7pt;"> interface XGigabitEthernet 0/0/1 </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:63.8pt;"> &nbsp; </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:195.3pt;"> 进入接口视图 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:155.7pt;"> interface vlan X </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:63.8pt;"> &nbsp; </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:195.3pt;"> 进入接口视图 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:155.7pt;"> ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.2.2.2 </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:63.8pt;"> &nbsp; </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:195.3pt;"> 静态路由=网关 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:155.7pt;"> rip </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:63.8pt;"> &nbsp; </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:195.3pt;"> 三层交换支持 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:155.7pt;"> stp&nbsp; enable|disable </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:63.8pt;"> &nbsp; </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:195.3pt;"> 设置生成树,默认关闭 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:155.7pt;"> stp priority 4096 </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:63.8pt;"> &nbsp; </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:195.3pt;"> 设置交换机的优先级 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:155.7pt;"> stp root primary|secondary </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:63.8pt;"> &nbsp; </td> 
 <td style="vertical-align:top;width:195.3pt;"> 设置为根或者为根的备份 </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

（三）一些名词介绍

1　 mdi across|auto|normal

MDI口是快速以太网100BASE-T定义的与介质有关接口(Media Dependent Interface)。MDI是指通过收发器发送的100BASE-T信号，即100BASE-TX、FX、T4或T2信号。将[集线器][Link 1]连接[网络接口][Link 2]卡时， 其发送和接收对通常是相互连接的。

创建交换机管理vlan

2 port link-type \{trunk|access|hybrid\} ;

Access 类型的端口只能属于1个VLAN,一般用于连接计算机的端口,也可以连接交换机和交换机。

Trunk   类型的端口可以允许多个VLAN通过,可以接收和发送多个VLAN的报文,trunk口一般用于连接两台交换机,这样可以只用一条trunk连接实现多个vlan的扩展。

Hybrid  类型的端口可以允许多个VLAN通过，可以接收和发送多个VLAN的报文，可以用于交换机之间连接，也可以用于连接用户的计算机。

3 pvid:

PVID为Port-base Vlan ID，也就是端口的虚拟局域网ID号，关系到端口收发数据帧时的VLAN TAG 标记。

[Link 1]: http://www.chinabyte.com/keyword/%E9%9B%86%E7%BA%BF%E5%99%A8/
[Link 2]: http://www.chinabyte.com/keyword/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3/