vue、react等单页面项目应该这样子部署到服务器

你的名字 2021-09-14 16:34 176阅读 0赞

**转自：https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000012675012**

**仅用于学习，不可商用！！！！！！！！！**

服务端渲染：[next.js、nuxt.js等服务端渲染框架构建的项目部署到服务器，并用PM2守护程序][next.js_nuxt.js_PM2]

最近好多伙伴说，我用vue做的项目本地是可以的，但部署到服务器遇到好多问题：`资源找不到`，`直接访问index.html页面空白`，`刷新当前路由404`。。。用react做的项目也同样遇到类似问题。现在我们一起讨论下单页面如何部署到服务器？

**由于前端路由缘故，单页面应用应该放到nginx或者apache、tomcat等web代理服务器中，千万不要直接访问index.html，同时要根据自己服务器的项目路径更改react或vue的路由地址。**

如果说项目是直接跟在域名后面的，比如:[http://www.sosout.com][http_www.sosout.com] ，根路由就是 '/'。  
如果说项目是直接跟在域名后面的一个子目录中的，比如:[http://www.sosout.com/children][http_www.sosout.com_children] ，根路由就是 '/children '，不能直接访问index.html。

以配置Nginx为例，配置过程大致如下：（假设：  
1、项目文件目录： **/mnt/html/spa（spa目录下的文件就是执行了npm run dist 后生成的dist目录下的文件）**  
2、访问域名：**spa.sosout.com**）   
进入nginx.conf新增如下配置：

server {
        listen 80;
        server_name  spa.sosout.com;
        root /mnt/html/spa;
        index index.html;
        location ~ ^/favicon\.ico$ {
            root /mnt/html/spa;
        }
    
        location / {
            try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
            proxy_set_header   Host             $host;
            proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-Proto  $scheme;
        }
        access_log  /mnt/logs/nginx/access.log  main;
    }

注意事项：  
`1、配置域名的话，需要80端口，成功后，只要访问域名即可访问的项目`  
`2、如果你使用了react-router的 browserHistory 模式或 vue-router的 history 模式，在nginx配置还需要重写路由：`

server {
        listen 80;
        server_name  spa.sosout.com;
        root /mnt/html/spa;
        index index.html;
        location ~ ^/favicon\.ico$ {
            root /mnt/html/spa;
        }
    
        location / {
            try_files $uri $uri/ @fallback;
            index index.html;
            proxy_set_header   Host             $host;
            proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-Proto  $scheme;
        }
        location @fallback {
            rewrite ^.*$ /index.html break;
        }
        access_log  /mnt/logs/nginx/access.log  main;
    }

为什么要重写路由？`因为我们的项目只有一个根入口，当输入类似/home的url时，如果找不到对应的页面，nginx会尝试加载index.html，这是通过react-router或vue-router就能正确的匹配我们输入的/home路由，从而显示正确的home页面，如果browserHistory模式或history模式的项目没有配置上述内容，会出现404的情况。`

简单举两个例子，一个vue项目一个react项目：

**vue项目：**

域名：[http://tb.sosout.com][http_tb.sosout.com]

![SouthEast][]

import App from '../App'
    
    // 首页
    const home = r => require.ensure([], () => r(require('../page/home/index')), 'home')
    
    // 物流
    const logistics = r => require.ensure([], () => r(require('../page/logistics/index')), 'logistics')
    
    // 购物车
    const cart = r => require.ensure([], () => r(require('../page/cart/index')), 'cart')
    
    // 我的
    const profile = r => require.ensure([], () => r(require('../page/profile/index')), 'profile')
    
    // 登录界面
    const login = r => require.ensure([], () => r(require('../page/user/login')), 'login')
    
    export default [{
      path: '/',
      component: App, // 顶层路由，对应index.html
      children: [{
        path: '/home', // 首页
        component: home
      }, {
        path: '/logistics', // 物流
        component: logistics,
        meta: {
          login: true
        }
      }, {
        path: '/cart', // 购物车
        component: cart,
        meta: {
          login: true
        }
      }, {
        path: '/profile', // 我的
        component: profile
      }, {
        path: '/login', // 登录界面
        component: login
      }, {
        path: '*',
        redirect: '/home'
      }]
    }]

![SouthEast 1][]

############
    # 其他配置
    ############
    
    http {
        ############
        # 其他配置
        ############
        server {
            listen 80;
            server_name  tb.sosout.com;
            root /mnt/html/tb;
            index index.html;
            location ~ ^/favicon\.ico$ {
                root /mnt/html/tb;
            }
        
            location / {
                try_files $uri $uri/ @fallback;
                index index.html;
                proxy_set_header   Host             $host;
                proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
                proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
                proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-Proto  $scheme;
            }
            location @fallback {
                rewrite ^.*$ /index.html break;
            }
            access_log  /mnt/logs/nginx/access.log  main;
        }
        ############
        # 其他配置
        ############   
    }

**react项目：**

域名：[http://antd.sosout.com][http_antd.sosout.com]

![SouthEast 2][]

/** * 疑惑一： * React createClass 和 extends React.Component 有什么区别? * 之前写法： * let app = React.createClass({ * getInitialState: function(){ * // some thing * } * }) * ES6写法(通过es6类的继承实现时state的初始化要在constructor中声明)： * class exampleComponent extends React.Component { * constructor(props) { * super(props); * this.state = {example: 'example'} * } * } */
    
    import React, {Component, PropTypes} from 'react'; // react核心
    import { Router, Route, Redirect, IndexRoute, browserHistory, hashHistory } from 'react-router'; // 创建route所需
    import Config from '../config/index';
    import layout from '../component/layout/layout'; // 布局界面
    
    import login from '../containers/login/login'; // 登录界面
    
    /** * (路由根目录组件，显示当前符合条件的组件) * * @class Roots * @extends {Component} */
    class Roots extends Component {
        render() {
            // 这个组件是一个包裹组件，所有的路由跳转的页面都会以this.props.children的形式加载到本组件下
            return (
                <div>{this.props.children}</div>
            );
        }
    }
    
    // const history = process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' ? browserHistory : hashHistory;
    
    // 快速入门
    const home = (location, cb) => {
        require.ensure([], require => {
            cb(null, require('../containers/home/homeIndex').default)
        }, 'home');
    }
    
    // 百度图表-折线图
    const chartLine = (location, cb) => {
        require.ensure([], require => {
            cb(null, require('../containers/charts/lines').default)
        }, 'chartLine');
    }
    
    // 基础组件-按钮
    const button = (location, cb) => {
        require.ensure([], require => {
            cb(null, require('../containers/general/buttonIndex').default)
        }, 'button');
    }
    
    // 基础组件-图标
    const icon = (location, cb) => {
        require.ensure([], require => {
            cb(null, require('../containers/general/iconIndex').default)
        }, 'icon');
    }
    
    // 用户管理
    const user = (location, cb) => {
        require.ensure([], require => {
            cb(null, require('../containers/user/userIndex').default)
        }, 'user');
    }
    
    // 系统设置
    const setting = (location, cb) => {
        require.ensure([], require => {
            cb(null, require('../containers/setting/settingIndex').default)
        }, 'setting');
    }
    
    // 广告管理
    const adver = (location, cb) => {
        require.ensure([], require => {
            cb(null, require('../containers/adver/adverIndex').default)
        }, 'adver');
    }
    
    // 组件一
    const oneui = (location, cb) => {
        require.ensure([], require => {
            cb(null, require('../containers/ui/oneIndex').default)
        }, 'oneui');
    }
    
    // 组件二
    const twoui = (location, cb) => {
        require.ensure([], require => {
            cb(null, require('../containers/ui/twoIndex').default)
        }, 'twoui');
    }
    
    // 登录验证
    const requireAuth = (nextState, replace) => {
        let token = (new Date()).getTime() - Config.localItem('USER_AUTHORIZATION');
        if(token > 7200000) { // 模拟Token保存2个小时
            replace({
                pathname: '/login',
                state: { nextPathname: nextState.location.pathname }
            });
        }
    }
    
    const RouteConfig = (
        <Router history={browserHistory}>
            <Route path="/home" component={layout} onEnter={requireAuth}>
                <IndexRoute getComponent={home} onEnter={requireAuth} /> // 默认加载的组件，比如访问www.test.com,会自动跳转到www.test.com/home
                <Route path="/home" getComponent={home} onEnter={requireAuth} />
                <Route path="/chart/line" getComponent={chartLine} onEnter={requireAuth} />
                <Route path="/general/button" getComponent={button} onEnter={requireAuth} />
                <Route path="/general/icon" getComponent={icon} onEnter={requireAuth} />
                <Route path="/user" getComponent={user} onEnter={requireAuth} />
                <Route path="/setting" getComponent={setting} onEnter={requireAuth} />
                <Route path="/adver" getComponent={adver} onEnter={requireAuth} />
                <Route path="/ui/oneui" getComponent={oneui} onEnter={requireAuth} />
                <Route path="/ui/twoui" getComponent={twoui} onEnter={requireAuth} />
            </Route>
            <Route path="/login" component={Roots}> // 所有的访问，都跳转到Roots
                <IndexRoute component={login} /> // 默认加载的组件，比如访问www.test.com,会自动跳转到www.test.com/home
            </Route>
            <Redirect from="*" to="/home" />
        </Router>
    );
    
    export default RouteConfig;

![SouthEast 3][]

############
    # 其他配置
    ############
    
    http {
        ############
        # 其他配置
        ############
        server {
            listen 80;
            server_name  antd.sosout.com;
            root /mnt/html/reactAntd;
            index index.html;
            location ~ ^/favicon\.ico$ {
                root /mnt/html/reactAntd;
            }
    
            location / {
                try_files $uri $uri/ @router;
                index index.html;
                proxy_set_header   Host             $host;
                proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
                proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
                proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-Proto  $scheme;
            }
            location @router {

[next.js_nuxt.js_PM2]: https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000012774650
[http_www.sosout.com]: http://www.sosout.com/
[http_www.sosout.com_children]: http://www.sosout.com/children
[http_tb.sosout.com]: http://tb.sosout.com/
[SouthEast]: /images/20210813/87b0a5e765e1432da514bce6b410b9e6.png
[SouthEast 1]: /images/20210813/d698d24a310049a6aa205ddfb013be86.png
[http_antd.sosout.com]: http://antd.sosout.com/
[SouthEast 2]: /images/20210813/1b1f1e11a6f743368e0595f42da4c391.png
[SouthEast 3]: /images/20210813/2bd7c37dceb84b0f80838dc2d3613cc9.png