SpringCloud教程三：服务消费者（Feign）

太过爱你忘了你带给我的痛 2021-09-14 10:54 520阅读 0赞

一、Feign简介

Feign是一个声明式的伪Http客户端，它使得写Http客户端变得更简单。使用Feign，只需要创建一个接口并注解。它具有可插拔的注解特性，可使用Feign 注解和JAX-RS注解。Feign支持可插拔的编码器和解码器。Feign默认集成了Ribbon，并和Eureka结合，默认实现了负载均衡的效果。

简而言之：

Feign 采用的是基于接口的注解  
Feign 整合了ribbon

启动以前课程中的工程，server:端口7080，client，client2:端口8082，8083

1：新建Feign工程，idea自身支持创建。  
新建完后，pom配置如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.springcloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>service-feign</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>jar</packaging>
    
        <name>service-feign</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.8.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath/> 
        </parent>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
                <version>1.3.5.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
        <repositories>
            <repository>
                <id>spring-milestones</id>
                <name>Spring Milestones</name>
                <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
                <snapshots>
                    <enabled>false</enabled>
                </snapshots>
            </repository>
        </repositories>
    
    
    </project>

修改配置和文件如下：

eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone= http://localhost:7080/eureka/
    server.port= 8085
    spring.application.name=service-feign

程序启动类如下：

@SpringBootApplication
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    @EnableFeignClients
    public class ServiceFeignApplication { 
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(ServiceFeignApplication.class, args);
        }
    }

定义一个feign接口，通过@ FeignClient（“服务名”），来指定调用哪个服务。比如在代码中调用了service-hi服务的“/hi”接口，代码如下

@FeignClient(value = "service-hi",fallback = SchedualServiceHiHystric.class)
    public interface SchedualServiceHi {
    
        @RequestMapping(value = "/hi",method = RequestMethod.GET)
        String sayHiFromClientOne(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
    
    }

在Web层的controller层，对外暴露一个”/hi”的API接口，通过上面定义的Feign客户端SchedualServiceHi 来消费服务。代码如下：、

@RestController
    public class HiController { 
    
        @Autowired
        SchedualServiceHi schedualServiceHi;
        @RequestMapping(value = "/hi",method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public String sayHi(@RequestParam String name){
            return schedualServiceHi.sayHiFromClientOne(name);
        }
    }

启动程序，多次访问[http://localhost:8085/hi?name=wang][http_localhost_8085_hi_name_wang]

返回结果为

> hi wang,i am from port:8082  
> hi wang,i am from port:8083

说明Feign已经自动实现了负载均衡

[http_localhost_8085_hi_name_wang]: http://localhost:8085/hi?name=wang