Hibernate实现CRUD（附项目源码）

亦凉 2021-08-30 14:01 497阅读 0赞

本文主要讲解hibernate框架，ORM的概念和hibernate入门，相信大家看了之后就会使用hibernate了。

# 一、基本概念 #

hibernate是一种ORM框架，全称为Object\_Relative Database-Mapping，在java对象与关系数据库之间建立某种映射，以实现直接存取java对象。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d1b3J1aV9qYXZh_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

# 二、为什么要使用hibernate？ #

既然hibernate是关于java对象和关系数据库之间的联系的话，也就是我们MVC中的数据持久层DAO层。

首先，先来回顾一下编写DAO层的的经历：

在DAO层操作XML，将数据封装到XML文件上，读写XML文件数据实现CRUD。  
在DAO层使用原生JDBC连接数据库，实现CRUD。  
嫌弃JDBC的connection、statement、resultset等对象太繁琐，使用对原生JDBC的封装组件-->DbUtils组件  
我们来看看使用DbUtils之后，程序的代码是怎么样的：

public class CategoryDAOImpl implements zhongfucheng.dao.CategoryDao{
        @Override
        publicvoidaddCategory(Category category) {
            QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner(Utils2DB.getDataSource());
            String sql = "INSERT INTO category (id, name, description) VALUES(?,?,?)";
            try {
                queryRunner.update(sql, new Object[]{category.getId(), category.getName(), category.getDescription()});
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public Category findCategory(String id) {
            QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner(Utils2DB.getDataSource());
            String sql = "SELECT * FROM category WHERE id=?";
            try {
                Category category = (Category) queryRunner.query(sql, id, new BeanHandler(Category.class));
                return category;
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
     
        @Override
        public List<Category> getAllCategory() {
            QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner(Utils2DB.getDataSource());
            String sql = "SELECT * FROM category";
            try {
                List<Category> categories = (List<Category>) queryRunner.query(sql, new BeanListHandler(Category.class));
                return categories;
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                throw  new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
    }

其实使用DbUtils时，DAO层中的代码编写是很有规律的。

当插入数据的时候，就将Javabean对象拆分，拼装成SQL语句  
当查询数据的时候，用SQL把数据库表中的列组合，拼装成Javabean对象  
Javabean对象和数据库表中的列存在映射关系！如果程序能够自动生成SQL就好了，hibernate应运而生。

# 三、hibernate快速入门 #

学习一个框架无非就是三步：

*  引入jar包
 *  配置XML文件
 *  熟悉API

## 1、引入jar包 ##

我们使用的是Hibernate5.4的版本

**hibernate5.jar核心 + required 必须引入的(6个) + jpa 目录 + 数据库驱动包**

**![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d1b3J1aV9qYXZh_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]**

## 2、配置XML文件 ##

### （1）编写一个Entity对象->Employee.java ###

编写对象映射->Employee.hbm.xml。一般它和JavaBean对象放在同一目录下

**![20200618100015458.jpg][]**

在上面的模板上修改～下面会具体讲解这个配置文件!

<?xml version="1.0"?>
    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
    
    <hibernate-mapping>
        <class name="com.ssh.entities.Employee" table="SSH_EMPLOYEE">
            <id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer">
                <column name="ID" />
                <generator class="native" />
            </id>
            <property name="lastName" type="java.lang.String">
                <column name="LASTNAME" />
            </property>
            <property name="email" type="java.lang.String">
                <column name="EMAIL" />
            </property>
            <property name="birth" type="java.util.Date">
                <column name="BIRTH" />
            </property>
            <property name="createTime" type="java.util.Date">
                <column name="CREATE_TIME" />
            </property>
            <many-to-one name="department" class="com.ssh.entities.Department">
                <column name="DEPARTMENT_ID" />
            </many-to-one>
        </class>
    </hibernate-mapping>

### （2）主配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml ###

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
    		"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
    		"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
    <hibernate-configuration>
        <session-factory>
        	<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect</property>
    		<property name="hibernate.connection.driverClass">oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</property>
    		<property name="hibernate.connection.username">mine</property>
    		<property name="hibernate.connection.password">mine</property>
    		<property name="hibernate.connection.jdbcUrl">jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:orcl</property>
    		<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
    		<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
    		
    		<mapping resource="com/ssh/entities/Department.hbm.xml"/>
    		<mapping resource="com/ssh/entities/Employee.hbm.xml"/>
        </session-factory>
    </hibernate-configuration>

### applicationContext.xml ###

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
    		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
    		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd">
    	
    	<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties" ignore-unresolvable="true"/>
    	
    	<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
    		<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
    		<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
    		<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"></property>
    		<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}"></property>
    		
    		<property name="initialPoolSize" value="${jdbc.initialPoolSize}"></property>
    		<property name="maxPoolSize" value="${jdbc.maxPoolSize}"></property>
    	</bean>
    	
    	
        <bean id="sessionFactory"
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
            
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
            
            <property name="mappingResources">
                <list>
                    
                    <value>com/ssh/entities/Department.hbm.xml</value>
                    <value>com/ssh/entities/Employee.hbm.xml</value>
                    <value>hibernate.cfg.xml</value>
                </list>
            </property>
            
            <property name="hibernateProperties">
                <props>
                    
                    <prop key="hibernate.dialect">
                        org.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect</prop>
                    
                    <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
                    
                    <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
                    
                    <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
                </props>
            </property>
        </bean>
        
    	 <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager">   
            <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>   
        </bean>  
           
        <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>  
    	
    		
    	
    	
    </beans>

### applicationContext-beans.xml  ###

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
     
    	<bean id="employeeDao" class="com.ssh.dao.EmployeeDao">
    		<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
    	</bean>
    	<bean id="departmentDao" class="com.ssh.dao.DepartmentDao">
    		<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
    	</bean>
    	
    	
    	<bean id="employeeService" class="com.ssh.service.EmployeeService">
    		<property name="employeeDao" ref="employeeDao"></property>
    	</bean>
    	<bean id="departmentService" class="com.ssh.service.DepartmentService">
    		<property name="departmentDao" ref="departmentDao"></property>
    	</bean>
    	
    	<bean id="employeeAction" class="com.ssh.actions.EmployeeAction" scope="prototype">
    		<property name="employeeService" ref="employeeService"></property>
    		<property name="departmentService" ref="departmentService"></property>
    	</bean>
    </beans>

### struts.xml  ###

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    	"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
    	"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
     
    <struts>
     
        <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false" />
        <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
     
        <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        	
    		<interceptors>
    			<interceptor-stack name="sshStack">
    				<interceptor-ref name="paramsPrepareParamsStack">
    					<param name="prepare.alwaysInvokePrepare">false</param>
    				</interceptor-ref>
    			</interceptor-stack>
    		</interceptors>
    		
    		<default-interceptor-ref name="sshStack"></default-interceptor-ref> 
    		
    		<action name="emp-*" class="employeeAction" method="{1}">
            	<result name="list">/WEB-INF/views/emp-list.jsp</result>
            	<result type="stream" name="delete">
            		<param name="contentType">text/html</param>
            		<param name="inputName">inputStream</param>
            	</result> 
            	<result name="input">/WEB-INF/views/emp-input.jsp</result> 
                <result name="success" type="redirect">/emp-list</result> 
            </action>
        </package>
    </struts>

## 3、类文件 ##

### EmployeeAction ###

package com.ssh.actions;
     
    import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
    import java.util.Date;
    import java.util.Map;
    import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RequestAware;
    import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
    import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
    import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Preparable;
    import com.ssh.entities.Employee;
    import com.ssh.service.DepartmentService;
    import com.ssh.service.EmployeeService;
     
    public class EmployeeAction extends ActionSupport implements RequestAware,
    ModelDriven<Employee>,Preparable{
    	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    	
    	private EmployeeService employeeService;
    	public void setEmployeeService(EmployeeService employeeService) {
    		this.employeeService = employeeService;
    	}
    	             
    	private DepartmentService departmentService;
    	public void setDepartmentService(DepartmentService departmentService) {
    		this.departmentService = departmentService;
    	}
    	
    	public String list() {
    		request.put("employees",employeeService.getAll());
    		return "list";
    	}
    	
    	private Integer id;
    	public void setId(Integer id) {
    		this.id = id;
    	}
    	
    	public InputStream inputStream;
    	public InputStream getInputStream() {
    		return inputStream;
    	}
    	
    	public String delete() {
    		try {
    			employeeService.delete(id);
    			inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream("1".getBytes("UTF-8"));
    		} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		}
    		return SUCCESS;
    	}
    	
    	public String input() {
    		request.put("departments", departmentService.getAll());
    		return INPUT;
    	}
    	
    	public void prepareInput() {
    		if(id!=null) {
    			model = employeeService.get(id);
    		}
    	}
    	
    	public String save() {
    		if(id == null) {
    			model.setCreateTime(new Date());
    		}
    		employeeService.saveOrUpdate(model);
    		System.out.println("model");
    		return SUCCESS;
    	}
    	 
    	public void prepareSave() {
    		if(id == null) {
    			model = new Employee();
    		}else {
    			model = employeeService.get(id);
    		}
    	}
    	
    	private Map<String,Object> request;
    	@Override
    	public void setRequest(Map<String, Object> arg0) {
    		this.request = arg0;
    	}
     
    	@Override
    	public void prepare() throws Exception {}
     
    	private Employee model;
    	
    	@Override
    	public Employee getModel() {
    		return model;
    	}
    }

### EmployeeService ###

package com.ssh.service;
     
    import java.util.List;
     
    import com.ssh.dao.EmployeeDao;
    import com.ssh.entities.Employee;
     
    public class EmployeeService {
    	private EmployeeDao employeeDao;
    	public void setEmployeeDao(EmployeeDao employeeDao) {
    		this.employeeDao = employeeDao;
    	}
    	
    	public void saveOrUpdate(Employee employee) {
    		employeeDao.saveOrUpdate(employee);
    	}
    	
    	public void delete(Integer id) {
    		employeeDao.delete(id);
    	}
    	
    	public List<Employee> getAll(){
    		List<Employee> employees = employeeDao.getAll();
    		return employees;
    	}
     
    	public Employee get(Integer id) {
    		return employeeDao.get(id);
    	}
     
    }

### EmployeeDao  ###

package com.ssh.dao;
     
    import java.util.List;
     
    import com.ssh.entities.Employee;
     
    public class EmployeeDao extends BaseDao{
    	public void delete(Integer id) {
    		String hql = "DELETE From Employee e where e.id=?0";
    		getSession().createQuery(hql).setParameter(0,id).executeUpdate();
    	}
     
    	public List<Employee> getAll() {
    		//String hql = "From Employee e LEFT OUTER JOIN FETCH e.department";
    		String hql = "From Employee";
    		return getSession().createQuery(hql).list();
    	}
    	
    	public void saveOrUpdate(Employee employee) {
    		getSession().saveOrUpdate(employee);
    	}
    	
    	public Employee get(Integer id) {
    		return (Employee)getSession().get(Employee.class,id);
    	}
    }

### emp-list.jsp ###

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
        pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
    <%@ taglib  prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Insert title here</title>
    <script type="text/javascript" src = "js/jquery-2.1.4.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
    $(function(){
    	$(".delete").click(function(){
    		var lastName = $(this).next(":input").val();
    		var flag = confirm("确定要删除"+lastName+"的信息吗？");
    		if(flag){
    			var $tr = $(this).parent().parent();
    			var url = this.href;
    			var args = {"time":new Date()}
    			$.post(url,args,function(data){
    				if(data=="1"){
    					alert("删除成功!");
    					$tr.remove();
    				}else{
    					alert("删除失败!");
    				} 
    			}); 
    		} 
    		return false;
    	})
    })
    </script>
    </head>
    <body>
    	<h4>Employee List Page</h4>
    	<s:if test="#request.employees == null||#request.employees.size() == 0">
    		没有任何员工信息
    	</s:if>
    	<s:else>
    		<table border="1" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0">
    			<tr>
    				<td>ID</td>
    				<td>LASTNAME</td>
    				<td>EMAIL</td>
    				<td>BIRTH</td>
    				<td>CREATETIME</td>
    				<td>delete</td>
    				<td>edit</td>
    			</tr>
    			<s:iterator value="#request.employees">
    				<tr>
    					<td>${id }</td>
    					<td>${lastName }</td>
    					<td>${email }</td>
    					<td>${birth }</td>
    					<td>${createTime }</td>
    					<td>
    						<a href="emp-delete?id=${id } " class="delete">Delete</a>
    						<input type="hidden" value="${lastName }"/>
    					</td>
    					<td><a href="emp-input?id=${id }">Edit</a></td>
    				</tr>
    			</s:iterator>
    		</table>
    	</s:else>
    </body>
    </html>

### emp-input.jsp ###

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
        pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
    <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Insert title here</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    	<h4>Employee Input Page</h4>
    	<s:form action="emp-save" method="post">
    		<s:if test="id != null">
    			<s:textfield name="lastName" label="LastName" disabled="true"></s:textfield>
    			<s:hidden name="id"></s:hidden>
    		</s:if>
    		<s:else>
    			<s:textfield name="lastName" label="LastName"></s:textfield>
    		</s:else> 
    		<s:textfield name="email" label="Email"></s:textfield>
    		<s:textfield name="birth" label="Birth"></s:textfield>
    		<s:select list="#request.departments" 
    			listKey="id" listValue="departmentName" 
    			name="department.id" label="Department">
    		</s:select>
    		<s:submit></s:submit>
    	</s:form>
    </body>
    </html>

# 四、完成hibernate增删改查 #

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d1b3J1aV9qYXZh_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

# 五、configuration #

## 1、配置管理类：主要管理配置文件的一个类 ##

它拥有一个子类annotationConfiguration，也就是说我们可以使用注解来代替XML配置文件来配置相对应的信息。

![20200618100508157.jpg][]

## 2、方法 ##

（1）configure方法用于加载配置文件：

如果指定参数，那么加载参数的路径配置文件  
如果不指定参数，默认加载src/目录下的hibernate.cfg.xml  
（2）buildSessionFactory()用于创建session工厂

（3）sessionFactory方法

SessionFactory-->Session的工厂，也可以说代表了hibernate.cfg.xml这个文件...hibernate.cfg.xml的就有<session-factory>这么一个节点

（4）openSession方法，创建一个session对象

（5）getCurrentSession方法，创建session对象或取出session对象

## 3、session ##

session是hibernate最重要的对象，session维护了一个连接（connection），只要使用hibernate操作数据库，都需要使用session对象。

更新操作

使用save方法，调用这个方法把对象保存在数据库中，session对象提供其他方法进行对数据库的更新

*  session.save(obj); 【保存一个对象】
 *  session.update(obj); 【更新一个对象】
 *  session.saveOrUpdate(obj); 【保存或者更新的方法】
 *  没有设置主键，执行保存；
 *  有设置主键，执行更新操作;
 *  如果设置主键不存在报错！

# 六、HQL查询 #

## 1、HQL ##

hibernate query language即hibernate提供的面向对象的查询语言

查询的是对象以及对象的属性，区分大小写

## 2、SQL ##

strut query language结构化查询语言。不区分大小写

## 3、本地SQL查询 ##

有的时候，如果SQL是非常复杂的，我们不能靠SQL查询来实现功能的话，我们就需要使用原生的SQL进行复杂查询，但是它有一个缺陷，不能跨平台，因此我们在主配置文件中已经配置了数据库的“方言”了。

//将所有的记录封装成User对象存进List集合中
    SQLQuery sqlQuery = session.createSQLQuery("SELECT * FROM user").addEntity(User.class);
     
    List list = sqlQuery.list();
     
    System.out.println(list);

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d1b3J1aV9qYXZh_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

#  **六、beginTransaction方法** #

开启事务，返回的是一个事务对象，hibernate规定所有的数据库都必须在事务环境下进行，否者报错！

## 1、数据库配置 ##

<session-factory>
        <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect</property>
    	<property name="hibernate.connection.driverClass">oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</property>
    	<property name="hibernate.connection.username">mine</property>
    	<property name="hibernate.connection.password">mine</property>
    	<property name="hibernate.connection.jdbcUrl">jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:orcl</property>
    	<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
    	<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
    		
    	<mapping resource="com/ssh/entities/Department.hbm.xml"/>
    	<mapping resource="com/ssh/entities/Employee.hbm.xml"/>
    </session-factory>

### 2、其它参数配置 ###

<property name="hibernateProperties">
        <props>
            
            <prop key="hibernate.dialect">
                org.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect</prop>
            
            <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
            
            <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
            
            <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
        </props>
    </property>

## 3、加载映射文件 ##

<property name="mappingResources">
        <list>
            
            <value>com/ssh/entities/Department.hbm.xml</value>
            <value>com/ssh/entities/Employee.hbm.xml</value>
            <value>hibernate.cfg.xml</value>
        </list>
    </property>

# 七、hibernate执行流程图 #

**![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d1b3J1aV9qYXZh_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]**

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SSH项目源码：

链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1BK0V1wxA-GQrWco10WEzeg 提取码: 2e3e

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[Java_SSH_]: https://www.bilibili.com/video/av36549598