linux 格式化工具 mkfs 简介

我会带着你远行 2021-08-27 17:56 400阅读 0赞

在linux系统上，当我们分区完之后，一般还要对分区进行格式化，我们使用mkfs命令，如下：

[gyz@archlinux ~]$ mkfs
    mkfs mkfs.cramfs mkfs.ext4 mkfs.minix mkfs.vfat
    mkfs.bfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.fat mkfs.msdos mkfs.xfs
    mkfs.btrfs mkfs.ext3 mkfs.jfs mkfs.reiserfs

方法1：

1，mkfs

[gyz@archlinux ~]$ man mkfs
    NAME
    mkfs - build a Linux filesystem
    SYNOPSIS
    mkfs [options] [-t type] [fs-options] device [size]

使用方法：

[gyz@archlinux ~]$ sudo mkfs -t vfat /dev/sda4
    mkfs.fat 4.1 (2017-01-24)

这里采用的就是-t去指定你要采用的文件系统（这里的vfat就是其中一种），下面的方法2就是采用.type的方式去指定文件系统格式。

方法2：

[gyz@archlinux ~]$ sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/sda5
    mkfs.fat 4.1 (2017-01-24)

2，mkfs.bfs

[gyz@archlinux ~]$ man mkfs.bfs
    NAME
           mkfs.bfs - make an SCO bfs filesystem
     
    SYNOPSIS
           mkfs.bfs [options] device [block-count]

SCO是公司名字，bfs是SCO unix系统的文件系统格式。

参考：[https://baike.baidu.com/item/SCO%20unix/8304482][https_baike.baidu.com_item_SCO_20unix_8304482]

3，mkfs.btrfs

[gyz@archlinux ~]$ man mkfs.btrfs
    NAME
           mkfs.btrfs - create a btrfs filesystem
     
    SYNOPSIS
           mkfs.btrfs [options] <device> [<device>...]

btrfs是甲骨文公司研发的文件系统，是linux的文件系统，和ext4并驾齐驱。

参考：[https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-cn-btrfs/][https_www.ibm.com_developerworks_cn_linux_l-cn-btrfs]

4，mkfs.cramfs

[gyz@archlinux ~]$ man mkfs.cramfs
    NAME
           mkfs.cramfs - make compressed ROM file system
     
    SYNOPSIS
           mkfs.cramfs [options] directory file

这个文件系统比较适合嵌入式。

参考：[https://baike.baidu.com/item/cramfs][https_baike.baidu.com_item_cramfs]

5，mkfs.ext2

[gyz@archlinux ~]$ man mkfs.ext2
    NAME
           mke2fs - create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
     
    SYNOPSIS
           mke2fs  [ -c | -l filename ] [ -b block-size ] [ -C cluster-size ] [ -d
           root-directory ] [ -D ] [ -g blocks-per-group ] [ -G number-of-groups ]
           [  -i bytes-per-inode ] [ -I inode-size ] [ -j ] [ -J journal-options ]
           [ -N number-of-inodes ] [ -n ] [ -m reserved-blocks-percentage ]  [  -o
           creator-os ] [ -O [^]feature[,...]  ] [ -q ] [ -r fs-revision-level ] [
           -E extended-options ] [ -v ] [ -F ] [ -L  volume-label  ]  [  -M  last-
           mounted-directory ] [ -S ] [ -t fs-type ] [ -T usage-type ] [ -U UUID ]
           [ -V ] [ -e errors-behavior ] [ -z undo_file ] device [ fs-size ]
     
           mke2fs -O journal_dev [ -b block-size ] [ -L volume-label ] [ -n ] [ -q
           ] [ -v ] external-journal [ fs-size ]

ext2是第二代扩展文件系统，是linux内核的文件系统。

参考：[https://baike.baidu.com/item/Ext2/822106?fr=aladdin][https_baike.baidu.com_item_Ext2_822106_fr_aladdin]

6，mkfs.ext3

[gyz@archlinux ~]$ man mkfs.ext3
    NAME
           mke2fs - create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
     
    SYNOPSIS
           mke2fs  [ -c | -l filename ] [ -b block-size ] [ -C cluster-size ] [ -d
           root-directory ] [ -D ] [ -g blocks-per-group ] [ -G number-of-groups ]
           [  -i bytes-per-inode ] [ -I inode-size ] [ -j ] [ -J journal-options ]
           [ -N number-of-inodes ] [ -n ] [ -m reserved-blocks-percentage ]  [  -o
           creator-os ] [ -O [^]feature[,...]  ] [ -q ] [ -r fs-revision-level ] [
           -E extended-options ] [ -v ] [ -F ] [ -L  volume-label  ]  [  -M  last-
           mounted-directory ] [ -S ] [ -t fs-type ] [ -T usage-type ] [ -U UUID ]
           [ -V ] [ -e errors-behavior ] [ -z undo_file ] device [ fs-size ]
     
           mke2fs -O journal_dev [ -b block-size ] [ -L volume-label ] [ -n ] [ -q
           ] [ -v ] external-journal [ fs-size ]

ext3是第三代扩展文件系统，从名字上可以看到，ext3是ext2是改良版，ext4则是ext3的改良版。

参考：[https://baike.baidu.com/item/Ext3/822591?fr=aladdin][https_baike.baidu.com_item_Ext3_822591_fr_aladdin]

7，mkfs.ext4

[gyz@archlinux ~]$ man mkfs.ext4
    NAME
           mke2fs - create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
     
    SYNOPSIS
           mke2fs  [ -c | -l filename ] [ -b block-size ] [ -C cluster-size ] [ -d
           root-directory ] [ -D ] [ -g blocks-per-group ] [ -G number-of-groups ]
           [  -i bytes-per-inode ] [ -I inode-size ] [ -j ] [ -J journal-options ]
           [ -N number-of-inodes ] [ -n ] [ -m reserved-blocks-percentage ]  [  -o
           creator-os ] [ -O [^]feature[,...]  ] [ -q ] [ -r fs-revision-level ] [
           -E extended-options ] [ -v ] [ -F ] [ -L  volume-label  ]  [  -M  last-
           mounted-directory ] [ -S ] [ -t fs-type ] [ -T usage-type ] [ -U UUID ]
           [ -V ] [ -e errors-behavior ] [ -z undo_file ] device [ fs-size ]
     
           mke2fs -O journal_dev [ -b block-size ] [ -L volume-label ] [ -n ] [ -q
           ] [ -v ] external-journal [ fs-size ]

ext4是第四代扩展文件系统。

参考：[https://baike.baidu.com/item/Ext4/1858450?fr=aladdin][https_baike.baidu.com_item_Ext4_1858450_fr_aladdin]

8，mkfs.fat

[gyz@archlinux ~]$ man mkfs.fat
    NAME
           mkfs.fat - create an MS-DOS filesystem under Linux
     
    SYNOPSIS
           mkfs.fat [OPTIONS] DEVICE [BLOCK-COUNT]

fat是微软研发的，微软在Dos/Windows系列操作系统中共使用的一种文件系统的总称，FAT12、FAT16、FAT32均是Fat文件系统。

参考：[https://baike.baidu.com/item/FAT%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F/9172225?fr=aladdin][https_baike.baidu.com_item_FAT_E6_96_87_E4_BB_B6_E7_B3_BB_E7_BB_9F_9172225_fr_aladdin]

9，mkfs.jfs

[gyz@archlinux ~]$ man mkfs.jfs
    NAME
           jfs_mkfs - create a JFS formatted partition
     
    SYNOPSIS
           jfs_mkfs [options] device [ blocks ]

jfs主要用于服务器。

参考：[https://baike.baidu.com/item/jfs/1258770?fr=aladdin][https_baike.baidu.com_item_jfs_1258770_fr_aladdin]

10，mkfs.minix

[gyz@archlinux ~]$ man mkfs.minix
    NAME
           mkfs.minix - make a Minix filesystem
     
    SYNOPSIS
           mkfs.minix [options] device [size-in-blocks]

11，mkfs.msdos

[gyz@archlinux ~]$ man mkfs.msdos
    NAME
           mkfs.fat - create an MS-DOS filesystem under Linux
     
    SYNOPSIS
           mkfs.fat [OPTIONS] DEVICE [BLOCK-COUNT]

msdos是微软研发的，适合于wins系统。

参考：[https://baike.baidu.com/item/MS-DOS/1120792?fr=aladdin][https_baike.baidu.com_item_MS-DOS_1120792_fr_aladdin]

12，mkfs.reiserfs

[gyz@archlinux ~]$ man mkfs.reiserfs
    NAME
           mkreiserfs - The create tool for the Linux ReiserFS filesystem.
     
    SYNOPSIS
           mkreiserfs [ -dfV ] [ -b | --block-size N ] [ -h | --hash HASH ] [ -u |
           --uuid UUID ] [ -l | --label LABEL ] [ --format FORMAT ] [ -q | --quiet
           ]  [  -j  |  --journal-device  FILE  ] [ -s | --journal-size N ] [ -o |
           --journal-offset N ] [ -t | --transaction-max-size N ] [  -B  |  --bad‐
           blocks file ]  device [ filesystem-size ]

reiserfs是比较新的文件系统，其研发团队领导者因冲冠一怒为红颜而进入铁窗。

参考：[https://baike.baidu.com/item/reiserfs/7240464?fr=aladdin][https_baike.baidu.com_item_reiserfs_7240464_fr_aladdin]

13，mkfs.vfat

[gyz@archlinux ~]$ man mkfs.vfat
    NAME
           mkfs.fat - create an MS-DOS filesystem under Linux
     
    SYNOPSIS
           mkfs.fat [OPTIONS] DEVICE [BLOCK-COUNT]

VFAT是“扩展文件分配表系统”的意思,它对FAT16文件系统进行扩展。

参考：[https://blog.csdn.net/luckywang1103/article/details/49822375][https_blog.csdn.net_luckywang1103_article_details_49822375]

14，mkfs.xfs

[gyz@archlinux ~]$ man mkfs.xfs
    NAME
           mkfs.xfs - construct an XFS filesystem
     
    SYNOPSIS
           mkfs.xfs  [ -b block_size_options ] [ -m global_metadata_options ] [ -d
           data_section_options ] [ -f ]  [  -i  inode_options  ]  [  -l  log_sec‐
           tion_options ] [ -n naming_options ] [ -p protofile ] [ -q ] [ -r real‐
           time_section_options ] [ -s sector_size_options ] [ -L label ] [ -N ] [
           -K ] device
           mkfs.xfs -V

xfs是一种高性能的日志文件系统。

参考：[https://baike.baidu.com/item/xfs/8713636?fr=aladdin][https_baike.baidu.com_item_xfs_8713636_fr_aladdin]

[https_baike.baidu.com_item_SCO_20unix_8304482]: https://baike.baidu.com/item/SCO%20unix/8304482
[https_www.ibm.com_developerworks_cn_linux_l-cn-btrfs]: https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-cn-btrfs/
[https_baike.baidu.com_item_cramfs]: https://baike.baidu.com/item/cramfs
[https_baike.baidu.com_item_Ext2_822106_fr_aladdin]: https://baike.baidu.com/item/Ext2/822106?fr=aladdin
[https_baike.baidu.com_item_Ext3_822591_fr_aladdin]: https://baike.baidu.com/item/Ext3/822591?fr=aladdin
[https_baike.baidu.com_item_Ext4_1858450_fr_aladdin]: https://baike.baidu.com/item/Ext4/1858450?fr=aladdin
[https_baike.baidu.com_item_FAT_E6_96_87_E4_BB_B6_E7_B3_BB_E7_BB_9F_9172225_fr_aladdin]: https://baike.baidu.com/item/FAT%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F/9172225?fr=aladdin
[https_baike.baidu.com_item_jfs_1258770_fr_aladdin]: https://baike.baidu.com/item/jfs/1258770?fr=aladdin
[https_baike.baidu.com_item_MS-DOS_1120792_fr_aladdin]: https://baike.baidu.com/item/MS-DOS/1120792?fr=aladdin
[https_baike.baidu.com_item_reiserfs_7240464_fr_aladdin]: https://baike.baidu.com/item/reiserfs/7240464?fr=aladdin
[https_blog.csdn.net_luckywang1103_article_details_49822375]: https://blog.csdn.net/luckywang1103/article/details/49822375
[https_baike.baidu.com_item_xfs_8713636_fr_aladdin]: https://baike.baidu.com/item/xfs/8713636?fr=aladdin