OSPF_高级配置

落日映苍穹つ 2021-07-26 16:02 447阅读 0赞

### OSPF高级配置 ###

*  1. 路由重分发
 *   *   *  2.LSA
         *  3.OSPF地址汇总的作用
         *   *  4.虚链路
             *   *  5.OSPF路由重分发配置命令

# 1. 路由重分发 #

**1.理解路由重分发**  
①一个单一IP路由协议是管理网络中IP路由的首选方案  
②Cisco IOS 能执行多个路由协议，每一个路由协议和该路由协议所服务的网络属于同一个自治系统  
③Cisco IOS使用路由重分发特性以交换由不同协议创建的路由信息  
**2.路由重分发的考虑**  
度量值  
管理距离  
**3.重分发到OSPF域中路由的路径选择**  
类型1的外部路径  
类型2的外部路径

### 2.LSA ###

**1.常见的6种LSA**  
LSA1、LSA2、LSA3、LSA4、LSA5、LSA7  
**2.每一种区域中允许泛洪的LSA**  
(1)  
骨干区域：1、2、3、4、5  
(2)  
标准区域：1、2、3、4、5  
(3)  
Stub区域：1、2、3、3类0.0.0.0/0（ABR向区域内发起的一条3类缺省路由LSA）  
(4)  
完全Stub区域：1、2、3类0.0.0.0/0（ABR向区域内发起的一条3类缺省路由LSA）  
(5)  
NSSA区域：1、2、3、7  
(6)  
完全NSSA区域：1、2、7、3类0.0.0.0/0（ABR向区域内发起的一条3类缺省路由LSA）

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
注：存根区域为末梢区域，完全存根区域为完全末梢区域，NSSA区域为非纯末梢区域。  
完全末梢区域中no\*表示为默认路由

### 3.OSPF地址汇总的作用 ###

①地址汇总也是通过减少泛洪的LSA数量节省资源  
②可以通过屏蔽一些网络不稳定的细节来节省资源  
③减少路由表中的路由条目

#### 4.虚链路 ####

**1.概述**  
虚链路：一条通过一个非骨干区域连接到骨干区域的链路  
**2.目的**  
虚链路目的:  
通过一个非骨干区域连接一个区域到骨干区域  
通过一个非骨干区域连接一个分段的骨干区域两边的部分区域  
**3.配置虚链路的规则及特点**  
①虚链路必须配置在两台ABR路由器之间  
②传送区域不能是一个末梢区域  
③虚链路的稳定性取决于其经过区域的稳定性  
④虚链路有助于提供逻辑冗余。

##### 5.OSPF路由重分发配置命令 #####

\[R1\]rip 1  
\[R1-rip-1\]version 2  
\[R1-rip-1\]undo summary  
\[R1-rip-1\]network 11.0.0.0  
\[R1-rip-1\]import-route ospf 1 cost 3  
\#\#把ospf协议注入到rip进行路由重分发，路径类型缺省为路径类型2（外部开销），成本开销为3（对于rip的度量值是跳数），rip中重分发把ospf要指定cost的值  
\[R1-ospf-1\]ospf 1  
\[R1-ospf-1\]import-route rip 1 type 1 cost 1  
\#\#把外部rip协议注入到ospf进行路由重分发，使用路径类型1（内部开销+外部开销），成本开销为1（cost=100M/BW）  
\[R1-ospf-1\]defaule-route-advertise always ——\# ospf重分发默认路由  
\[R2-ospf-1\]import-route direct ——\# ospf重分发直连路由  
\[R2-ospf-1\]import-route static ——\# ospf重分发静态路由  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]  
R1：  
u t m  
sys  
system-view  
\[Huawei\]sysname R1  
\[R1\]user-interface console 0  
\[R1-ui-console0\]idle-timeout 0 0  
\[R1-ui-console0\]q  
\[R1\]int g0/0/0  
\[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 192.168.10.1 24  
\[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]un sh  
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.  
\[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int loop 0  
\[R1-LoopBack0\]ip add 1.1.1.1 32  
\[R1-LoopBack0\]q  
\[R1\]q  
sys  
system-view  
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.  
\[R1\]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.10.2  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]

R2:  
u t m  
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.  
sys  
system-view  
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.  
\[Huawei\]sys  
\[Huawei\]sysname R2  
R2\]user-interface co  
\[R2\]user-interface console 0  
\[R2-ui-console0\]idle-timeout 0 0  
\[R2-ui-console0\]q  
\[R2\]int g0/0/0  
\[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 192.168.10.2 24  
\[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]un sh  
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.  
\[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int g0/0/1  
\[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]ip add 192.168.20.2 24  
\[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]un sh  
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.  
\[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]int loop 0  
\[R2-LoopBack0\]ip add 2.2.2.2 32  
\[R2-LoopBack0\]q  
\[R2\]ospf 1  
\[R2-ospf-1\]area 1  
\[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255  
\[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0  
\[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]q  
\[R2-ospf-1\]q  
\[R2\]ip route-static 1.1.1.1 32 192.168.10.1  
\[R2\]ospf 1  
\[R2-ospf-1\]import-route rou  
\[R2-ospf-1\]import-route static  
\[R2-ospf-1\]import-route direct  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 2]  
R3:  
u t m  
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.  
sys  
system-view co  
system-view  
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.  
\[Huawei\]sysname R3  
R3\]user-interface console 0  
\[R3-ui-console0\]id  
\[R3-ui-console0\]idle-timeout 0 0  
\[R3-ui-console0\]q  
\[R3\]int g0/0/1  
\[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]ip add 192.168.20.3 24  
\[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]un sh  
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.  
\[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]int g0/0/0  
\[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 192.168.30.3 24  
\[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int g0/0/2  
\[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2\]ip add 192.168.40.3 24  
\[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2\]  
\[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2\]int loop 0  
\[R3-LoopBack0\]ip add 3.3.3.3 32  
R3-LoopBack0\]ospf 1  
\[R3-ospf-1\]area 0  
\[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]net  
\[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255  
\[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0  
\[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]os  
\[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]q  
\[R3-ospf-1\]area 1  
\[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255  
\[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]q  
\[R3-ospf-1\]q  
\[R3\]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.40.5  
\[R3\]os  
\[R3\]ospf 1  
\[R3-ospf-1\]default-route-advertise always  
\[R3-ospf-1\]import-route direct  
\[R3-ospf-1\]q  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 3]  
R4:  
u t m  
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.  
sys  
system-view  
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.  
\[Huawei\]sys  
\[Huawei\]sysname R4  
\[R4\]user-interface co  
\[R4\]user-interface console 0  
\[R4-ui-console0\]idle-timeout 0 0  
\[R4-ui-console0\]q  
\[R4\]int g0/0/0  
\[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 192.168.30.4 24  
\[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int g0/0/1  
\[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]ip add 192.168.50.4 24  
\[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]int loop 0  
\[R4-LoopBack0\]ip add 4.4.4.4 32  
\[R4-LoopBack0\]ospf 1  
\[R4-ospf-1\]area 0  
\[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255  
\[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0  
\[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]q  
\[R4-ospf-1\]rip 1  
\[R4-rip-1\]version 2  
\[R4-rip-1\]undo  
\[R4-rip-1\]undo sum  
\[R4-rip-1\]undo summary  
\[R4-rip-1\]network 192.168.50.0  
R4-rip-1\]import-route ospf 1 cost 3  
\[R4-rip-1\]os  
\[R4-rip-1\]q  
\[R4\]ospf 1  
\[R4-ospf-1\]import-route rip 1 type 1 cost 1  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 4]

R5:  
u t m  
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.  
sys  
system-view  
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.  
\[Huawei\]sysname R5  
R5\]user-interface console 0  
\[R5-ui-console0\]idle-timeout 0 0  
\[R5-ui-console0\]q  
\[R5\]int g0/0/0  
\[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 192.168.40.5 24  
\[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int loop 0  
\[R5-LoopBack0\]ip add 5.5.5.5 32  
\[R5-LoopBack0\]q  
\[R5\]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.40.3  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 5]  
R6:  
u t m  
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.  
sys  
system-view  
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.  
\[Huawei\]sy  
\[Huawei\]sysname R6  
\[R6\]user-interface co  
\[R6\]user-interface console 0  
\[R6-ui-console0\]idle-timeout 0 0  
\[R6-ui-console0\]q  
\[R6\]int g0/0/0  
\[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 192.168.50.6 24  
\[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int loop 0  
\[R6-LoopBack0\]ip add 6.6.6.6 32  
\[R6-LoopBack0\]q  
\[R6\]rip 1  
\[R6-rip-1\]version 2  
\[R6-rip-1\]undo summary  
\[R6-rip-1\]network 192.168.50.0  
\[R6-rip-1\]network 6.0.0.0  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 6]查看状态表：dis ip routing-table:

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 7]在R1中PING R5 和R6：

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 8]

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20210726/aff569af6d3e4c1aabb701afab7da7a8.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]: /images/20210726/899c1fbe220c41bcb84ec667bda7a88c.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]: /images/20210726/f2072bd39009492f825605791eaed659.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 2]: /images/20210726/2df5fbd52f9546728abd8b15280a607f.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 3]: /images/20210726/12fc8ac6a5a749eeaa102291735db639.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 4]: /images/20210726/d7e1f471f0e349ffbe75b6e54d159771.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 5]: /images/20210726/29c0cb88ed644f5baac33bc841a54385.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 6]: /images/20210726/ef4a210c8fa54357bc88806d341210c0.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 7]: /images/20210726/5abec6dd7af942c6938610f2a7ef2a06.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 8]: /images/20210726/421f4d8529eb44069d4a4156547f2d36.png