Gradle简介

分手后的思念是犯贱 2021-07-24 19:24 499阅读 0赞

**一 构建工具的作用**

1 依赖管理

2 测试、打包、发布

3 机器能干的活，绝不自己动手

**二 主流构建工具**

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**三 Gradle是什么**

一个开源的项目自动化构建工具，建立在Apache Ant和Apache Maven概念的基础上，并引入了基于Groovy的特定领域语言（DSL），而不再使用XML形式去管理构建脚本。

**四 安装**

1 确保已经安装JDK

C:\Users\cakin>java -version
    java version "1.8.0_162"
    Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_162-b12)
    Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.162-b12, mixed mode)

2 从官网下载Gradle

官网地址：https://gradle.org

3 安装

3.1 解压

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NoZW5ncWl1bWluZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

3.2  配置环境变量

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3 验证安装是否成功

C:\Users\cakin>gradle -version
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    Gradle 4.0
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    Build time:   2017-06-14 15:11:08 UTC
    Revision:     316546a5fcb4e2dfe1d6aa0b73a4e09e8cecb5a5
    Groovy:       2.4.11
    Ant:          Apache Ant(TM) version 1.9.6 compiled on June 29 2015
    JVM:          1.8.0_162 (Oracle Corporation 25.162-b12)
    OS:           Windows 10 10.0 amd64

**五 Groovy是什么**

Groovy是用于Java虚拟机的一种敏捷的动态语言，它是一种成熟的面向对象编程语言，既可以用于面向对象编程，又可以用作纯粹的脚本语言。使用该语言不必编写过多代码，同时又具有闭包和动态语言的其他特性。

**六 Groovy与Java比较**

1 Groovy完全兼容Java的语法

2 分号是可选的

3 类、方法默认是public的

4 编译器给属性自动添加getter/setter方法

5 属性可以直接用点号获取

6 最后一个表达式的值会被作为返回值

7 ==等同于equals(),不会有NullPointerExceptions

**七 高效的Groovy特性**

1 assert语句

2 可选类型定义

3 可选的括号

4 字符串

5 集合API

6 闭包

**八 Gradle项目建立步骤**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NoZW5ncWl1bWluZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

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**九 打开Groovy的控制台并定制**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NoZW5ncWl1bWluZw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

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**十 Groovy与Java比较实战**

1 代码

public class ProjectVersin{
        private int major;
        private int minor;
    
    
        public ProjectVersin(int major,int minor){
            this.major = major;
            // 分号可选
            this.minor = minor
        }
    
    
        public int getMajor(){
            // 最后一个表达式可作为返回值
            major;
    //        return major;
        }
        public void setMajor(int major){
            // 分号可选
            this.major = major
        }
    
    
        // getter 和 setter方法可不写，会自动增加
    //    public int getMinor(){
    //        return minor;
    //    }
    //    public  void setMinor(int minor){
    //        this.minor = minor;
    //    }
    
    
    }
    ProjectVersin v1= new ProjectVersin(1,1)
    // 用点号可获取属性
    // 方法可不用括号
    println v1.major
    
    
    ProjectVersin v2=null
    // 不会抛出NullPointerExceptions
    print v2==v1

2 运行结果

1
    false

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