解决C++编译时报错：ld: cannot find -lxxx方法

曾经终败给现在 2021-05-20 14:33 2024阅读 0赞

编译程序有时会遇到“ld: cannot find -lxxx”的错误，就是链接器说找不到xxx库。一般先使用如下命令查找系统中是否存在xxx库而ld程序未找到(以zlib为例)：

$ ld -lzlib --verbose

输出如下信息：

====================================
    attempt to open /usr/x86_64-linux-gnu/lib64/libzlib.so failed
    attempt to open /usr/x86_64-linux-gnu/lib64/libzlib.a faile
    dattempt to open /usr/local/lib64/libzlib.so failed
    attempt to open /usr/local/lib64/libzlib.a failed
    attempt to open /lib64/libzlib.so failed
    attempt to open /lib64/libzlib.a failed
    attempt to open /usr/lib64/libzlib.so failed
    attempt to open /usr/lib64/libzlib.a failed
    attempt to open /usr/x86_64-linux-gnu/lib/libzlib.so failed
    attempt to open /usr/x86_64-linux-gnu/lib/libzlib.a failed
    attempt to open /usr/local/lib/libzlib.so failed
    attempt to open /usr/local/lib/libzlib.a failed
    attempt to open /lib/libzlib.so failed
    attempt to open /lib/libzlib.a failed
    attempt to open /usr/lib/libzlib.so failed
    attempt to open /usr/lib/libzlib.a failed
    /usr/bin/ld.bfd.real: cannot find -lzlib
    =====================================

此时说明系统中确实未安装zlib库，则下载安装zlib库，并将安全路径加到LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH即可。

另一种情况，系统中存在库而ld程序未找到，如：

$ ld -lglog --verbose

输出如下信息：

==================================================
    attempt to open //usr/x86_64-redhat-linux/lib64/libglog.so failed
    attempt to open //usr/x86_64-redhat-linux/lib64/libglog.a failed
    attempt to open //usr/lib64/libglog.so failed
    attempt to open //usr/lib64/libglog.a failed
    attempt to open //usr/local/lib64/libglog.so failed
    attempt to open //usr/local/lib64/libglog.a failed
    attempt to open //lib64/libglog.so failed
    attempt to open //lib64/libglog.a failed
    attempt to open //usr/x86_64-redhat-linux/lib/libglog.so failed
    attempt to open //usr/x86_64-redhat-linux/lib/libglog.a failed
    attempt to open //usr/local/lib/libglog.so succeeded
    -lglog (//usr/local/lib/libglog.so)
    libgflags.so.2.2 needed by //usr/local/lib/libglog.so
    found libgflags.so.2.2 at //usr/local/lib/libgflags.so.2.2
    libpthread.so.0 needed by //usr/local/lib/libglog.so
    found libpthread.so.0 at //usr/lib64/libpthread.so.0
    libstdc++.so.6 needed by //usr/local/lib/libglog.so
    found libstdc++.so.6 at //usr/local/lib64/libstdc++.so.6
    libm.so.6 needed by //usr/local/lib/libglog.so
    found libm.so.6 at //usr/lib64/libm.so.6
    libc.so.6 needed by //usr/local/lib/libglog.so
    found libc.so.6 at //usr/lib64/libc.so.6
    libgcc_s.so.1 needed by //usr/local/lib/libglog.so
    found libgcc_s.so.1 at //usr/lib64/libgcc_s.so.1
    ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 needed by //usr/lib64/libpthread.so.0
    found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at //usr/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
    ld: warning: cannot find entry symbol _start; not setting start address

此时说明系统中安装了glog库，但是ld程序未找到。

一种方法是将glog库的路径加到LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH环境变量中，另一种方法是直接加编译器选项进行编译：

gcc -L/usr/lib64 -lglog