C++ gflas示例

拼搏现实的明天。 2021-05-17 14:18 528阅读 0赞

**1、下载、安装：**

Google 的 gflags 是一套命令行参数处理的开源库。比 getopt 更方便、功能更强大。包括 C++的版本和 python 的版本。

github地址：[https://github.com/gflags/gflags][https_github.com_gflags_gflags]

1）安装cmake工具：

在安装gflags前需要先安装cmake:

官网：[https://cmake.org/download/][https_cmake.org_download]

github：[https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases][https_github.com_Kitware_CMake_releases]

1.1）下载：

本文下载、安装3.8.1版本，地址：

wget [https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.8.1/cmake-3.8.1-Linux-x86\_64.tar.gz][https_github.com_Kitware_CMake_releases_download_v3.8.1_cmake-3.8.1-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz]

或者：

1.2）编译、安装：

install_specified_deps "cmake-3.8.1"
    if [ ! -d cmake-3.8.1 ]; then
        tar -zxf cmake-3.8.1.tar.gz
        cd cmake-3.8.1
        ./bootstrap
            check_install_status
        make -j8
            check_install_status
        make install
            check_install_status
        ldconfig
        cd ../
    fi

2）git下载、编译gflags：

git clone https://github.com/gflags/gflags.git
    cd gflags
    mkdir build && cd build #通过cmake生成的Makefile等文件放到build目录
    cmake ..
    make j8
    make install

3）下载gflags源码tar.gz包、编译安装：（方法二）

地址：

#install gflags
    install_specified_deps "gflags-2.2.0"
    if [ ! -d gflags-2.2.0 ]; then
        tar -zxf gflags-2.2.0.tar.gz
        cd gflags-2.2.0/
        cmake -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=1 -DBUILD_STATIC_LIBS=1 ./
            check_install_status
        make -j8
            check_install_status
        make install
            check_install_status
        ldconfig
        cd ../
    fi

注：这时 gflags 库会默认安装在 /usr/local/lib/ 下，头文件放在 /usr/local/include/gflags/ 中。

注：在编译gflags的时候如果不加参数（即：直接使用cmake），默认会采用静态编译。这个时候代码引入gflags库后，编译出来的业务代码会很大。

**2、基本功能：**

2.1）先看一个示例：

1）cpp代码：

#include <iostream>
    #include <gflags/gflags.h>
    
    using namespace std;
    
    DEFINE_string(host,"127.0.0.1","ip address");
    DEFINE_int32(port,3306,"server port");
    
    int main(int argc,char* argv[]){
      gflags::ParseCommandLineFlags(&argc,&argv,true);
      cout<<"server ip:"<<FLAGS_host<<",port:"<<FLAGS_port<<endl;
      return 0;
    }

2）编译：

g++ -o run test\_gflag1.cpp -lgflags -lpthread

注：不加-lpthread会报如下错：

//usr/local/lib/libgflags.a(gflags.cc.o): In function `google::(anonymous namespace)::FlagRegistry::GlobalRegistry()':
    gflags.cc:(.text+0xef6): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_wrlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0xf16): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_unlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0xfb7): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_init'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0xfd0): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_init'
    //usr/local/lib/libgflags.a(gflags.cc.o): In function `google::(anonymous namespace)::RegisterCommandLineFlag(char const*, char const*, char const*, google::(anonymous namespace)::FlagValue*, google::(anonymous namespace)::FlagValue*)':
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x1265): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_wrlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x1285): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_unlock'
    //usr/local/lib/libgflags.a(gflags.cc.o): In function `google::(anonymous namespace)::AddFlagValidator(void const*, bool (*)())':
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x1524): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_unlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x153c): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_wrlock'
    //usr/local/lib/libgflags.a(gflags.cc.o): In function `google::GetCommandLineOption(char const*, std::string*)':
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x2554): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_wrlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x256e): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_wrlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x25de): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_unlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x266d): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_unlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x2854): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_init'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x286f): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_init'
    //usr/local/lib/libgflags.a(gflags.cc.o): In function `google::GetCommandLineFlagInfo(char const*, google::CommandLineFlagInfo*)':
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x29ac): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_wrlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x29c6): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_wrlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x2a3e): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_unlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x2a54): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_unlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x2b18): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_init'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x2b37): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_init'
    //usr/local/lib/libgflags.a(gflags.cc.o): In function `google::GetCommandLineFlagInfoOrDie(char const*)':
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x2c4c): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_wrlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x2c96): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_wrlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x2d0e): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_unlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x2d24): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_unlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x2dc8): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_init'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x2de7): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_init'
    //usr/local/lib/libgflags.a(gflags.cc.o): In function `google::FlagSaver::FlagSaver()':
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x3317): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_unlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x332e): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_wrlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x3397): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_wrlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x33ae): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_unlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x3486): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_init'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x349c): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_init'
    //usr/local/lib/libgflags.a(gflags.cc.o): In function `google::FlagSaver::~FlagSaver()':
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x38b7): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_unlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x38cd): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_wrlock'
    //usr/local/lib/libgflags.a(gflags.cc.o): In function `google::ShutDownCommandLineFlags()':
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x4591): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_destroy'
    //usr/local/lib/libgflags.a(gflags.cc.o): In function `google::SetCommandLineOptionWithMode(char const*, char const*, google::FlagSettingMode)':
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x660c): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_wrlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x6624): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_unlock'
    //usr/local/lib/libgflags.a(gflags.cc.o): In function `google::ReadFlagsFromString(std::string const&, char const*, bool)':
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x7827): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_unlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x783e): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_wrlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x7855): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_unlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x786a): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_wrlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x7880): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_unlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x7895): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_wrlock'
    //usr/local/lib/libgflags.a(gflags.cc.o): In function `google::SetCommandLineOption(char const*, char const*)':
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x7b64): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_wrlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x7b7c): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_unlock'
    //usr/local/lib/libgflags.a(gflags.cc.o): In function `google::ParseCommandLineFlagsInternal(int*, char***, bool, bool)':
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x867a): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_unlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x868f): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_wrlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x86aa): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_unlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x86c0): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_wrlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x86d6): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_unlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x86ec): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_wrlock'
    //usr/local/lib/libgflags.a(gflags.cc.o): In function `google::GetAllFlags(std::vector<google::CommandLineFlagInfo, std::allocator<google::CommandLineFlagInfo> >*)':
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x9cd8): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_unlock'
    gflags.cc:(.text+0x9cf3): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_wrlock'
    //usr/local/lib/libgflags.a(gflags.cc.o): In function `gflags_mutex_namespace::Mutex::~Mutex()':
    gflags.cc:(.text._ZN22gflags_mutex_namespace5MutexD2Ev[_ZN22gflags_mutex_namespace5MutexD5Ev]+0x15): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_destroy'
    //usr/local/lib/libgflags.a(gflags.cc.o): In function `gflags_mutex_namespace::Mutex::Unlock()':
    gflags.cc:(.text._ZN22gflags_mutex_namespace5Mutex6UnlockEv[_ZN22gflags_mutex_namespace5Mutex6UnlockEv]+0x15): undefined reference to `pthread_rwlock_unlock'
    collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

3）运行：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpdXhpYW83MjM4NDY_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

**2.2）说明：**

1）定义命令行标记：

通过DEFINE\_type宏实现，该支持三种参数：变量名、默认值、说明。例如：

DEFINE\_string(host,"localhost","sever ip address");

gflags 一共支持 5 种类型的命令行参数定义：

*  DEFINE\_bool: 布尔类型
 *  DEFINE\_int32: 32 位整数
 *  DEFINE\_int64: 64 位整数
 *  DEFINE\_uint64: 无符号 64 位整数
 *  DEFINE\_double: 浮点类型 double
 *  DEFINE\_string: C++ string 类型

2）访问命令行标记：

所有我们定义的 gflags 变量都可以通过 FLAGS\_ 前缀加参数名访问，gflags 变量也可以被自由修改。

3）命令行中指定标记：

*  可以使用--或者-；
 *  可以有等号（=），也可以直接用空格；

**3、进阶：**

正常来说我们的代码不可能只有1个cpp，还会有很多模块。而每个模块可能都会使用命令行参数值。如何在其他模块怎么引用和使用呢？so easy，与DEFINE相对应的有DECLARE。

*  DECLARE\_bool: boolean
 *  DECLARE\_int32: 32-bit integer
 *  DECLARE\_int64: 64-bit integer
 *  DECLARE\_uint64: unsigned 64-bit integer
 *  DECLARE\_double: double
 *  DECLARE\_string: C++ string

它的作用就相当于用 extern 声明变量。为了方便的管理变量，我们推荐在 .cpp 文件中 DEFINE 变量，然后只在对应 .h 中或者单元测试中 DECLARE 变量。看一个例子：

![20190824212024109.png][]

编译：g++ demo.cpp logic.cpp -lgflags -lpthread

**4、参数检查**

一般情况下，我们获取到所有命令行参数的值后，都会做一次检查。gflags里面建议使用 RegisterFlagValidator 这个方法来做参数检查。参数不通过的时候，程序是启动失败的。例如：

#include <iostream>
    #include <gflags/gflags.h>
    
    using namespace std;
    
    DEFINE_string(host,"127.0.0.1","ip address");
    DEFINE_int32(port,3306,"server port");
    static bool ValidatePort(const char* flagname, gflags::int32 value) {
      if (value >= 36800 && value <= 36888) {
        cout<<"param "<<flagname<<"="<<value<<" is valid!"<<endl;
        return true;
      }
    
      cout<<"param "<<flagname<<"="<<value<<" is invalid!"<<endl;
      return false;
    }
    
    static const bool port_dummy = gflags::RegisterFlagValidator(&FLAGS_port, &ValidatePort);
    
    int main(int argc,char* argv[]){
      gflags::ParseCommandLineFlags(&argc,&argv,true);
      cout<<"server ip:"<<FLAGS_host<<",port:"<<FLAGS_port<<endl;
      return 0;
    }

编译：g++ test\_gflag2.cpp -lgflags -lpthread

运行：

![20190824212156984.png][]

**5、使用flagfile：**

如果我们定义了很多参数，那么每次启动时都在命令行指定对应的参数显然是不合理的。gflags允许把 flag 参数和对应的值写在文件中，然后运行时使用 -flagfile 来指定对应的 flag 文件就好。例如：

1）编辑一个flags文件：vim ./test\_gflag2.flags

里面的内如：

\--port=36810

2）运行程序：

\# ./a.out --flagfile=./test\_gflag2.flags

param port=36810 is valid!

server ip:127.0.0.1,port:36810

[https_github.com_gflags_gflags]: https://github.com/gflags/gflags
[https_cmake.org_download]: https://cmake.org/download/
[https_github.com_Kitware_CMake_releases]: https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases
[https_github.com_Kitware_CMake_releases_download_v3.8.1_cmake-3.8.1-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz]: https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.8.1/cmake-3.8.1-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpdXhpYW83MjM4NDY_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20210511/e0b7addee8af4113ba35fe5a49d41e7b.png
[20190824212024109.png]: /images/20210511/af4c8957c8bc46bd95661edcc710a4f5.png
[20190824212156984.png]: /images/20210511/5cc4fef986b54c2d9c7641f186821c51.png