Windows下安装pymssql 常见错误及解决方法

爱被打了一巴掌 2021-05-16 20:36 1400阅读 0赞

## 错误一 ##

ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:  
command: ‘e:\\python38\\python.exe’ -c ‘import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv\[0\] = ‘"’"‘C:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-mt89hzm\_\\pymssql\\setup.py’"’"’; **file**=’"’"‘C:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-mt89hzm\_\\pymssql\\setup.py’"’"’;f=getattr(tokenize, ‘"’"‘open’"’"’, open)(**file**);code=f.read().replace(’"’"’\\r\\n’"’"’, ‘"’"’\\n’"’"’);f.close();exec(compile(code, **file**, ‘"’"‘exec’"’"’))’ egg\_info --egg-base ‘C:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-pip-egg-info-qsowisnk’  
cwd: C:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-mt89hzm\_\\pymssql  
Complete output (7 lines):  
e:\\python38\\lib\\site-packages\\setuptools\\dist.py:45: DistDeprecationWarning: Do not call this function  
warnings.warn(“Do not call this function”, DistDeprecationWarning)  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
File “”, line 1, in  
File “C:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-mt89hzm\_\\pymssql\\setup.py”, line 88, in  
from Cython.Distutils import build\_ext as \_build\_ext  
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘Cython’  
\----------------------------------------  
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg\_info Check the logs for full command output.

我们可以看到分割线上面的第一行内容：  
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘Cython’

意思就是缺少这个模块，所以我们可以直接安装这个模块：

python -m pip install cython

再次运行就不会报这个错误了

## 错误二 ##

还是看分割线上面第一行：  
error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required. Get it with “Microsoft Visual C++ Build Tools”: https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/

意思是需要安装 Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 这个环境  
安装包下载地址：[https://pan.baidu.com/s/188G-kvNRHi9cCfCxOaWyvQ][https_pan.baidu.com_s_188G-kvNRHi9cCfCxOaWyvQ]  
提取码：y7y1

下载完成后直接安装就可以了

## 错误三 ##

ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:  
command: ‘E:\\python38\\python.exe’ -u -c ‘import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv\[0\] = ‘"’"‘C:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-kqototoj\\pymssql\\setup.py’"’"’; **file**=’"’"‘C:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-kqototoj\\pymssql\\setup.py’"’"’;f=getattr(tokenize, ‘"’"‘open’"’"’, open)(**file**);code=f.read().replace(’"’"’\\r\\n’"’"’, ‘"’"’\\n’"’"’);f.close();exec(compile(code, **file**, ‘"’"‘exec’"’"’))’ install --record ‘C:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-record-y5hiy9r0\\install-record.txt’ --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers ‘E:\\python38\\Include\\pymssql’  
cwd: C:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-kqototoj\\pymssql  
Complete output (23 lines):  
E:\\python38\\lib\\site-packages\\setuptools\\dist.py:45: DistDeprecationWarning: Do not call this function  
warnings.warn(“Do not call this function”, DistDeprecationWarning)  
setup.py: platform.system() => ‘Windows’  
setup.py: platform.architecture() => (‘64bit’, ‘WindowsPE’)  
running install  
running build  
running build\_ext  
cythoning src\_mssql.pyx to src\_mssql.c  
E:\\python38\\lib\\site-packages\\Cython\\Compiler\\Main.py:369: FutureWarning: Cython directive ‘language\_level’ not set, using 2 for now (Py2). This will change in a later release! File: C:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-kqototoj\\pymssql\\src\_mssql.pxd  
tree = Parsing.p\_module(s, pxd, full\_module\_name)  
warning: src\_mssql.pyx:150:4: Exception already a builtin Cython type  
cythoning src\\pymssql.pyx to src\\pymssql.c  
E:\\python38\\lib\\site-packages\\Cython\\Compiler\\Main.py:369: FutureWarning: Cython directive ‘language\_level’ not set, using 2 for now (Py2). This will change in a later release! File: C:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-kqototoj\\pymssql\\src\\pymssql.pyx  
tree = Parsing.p\_module(s, pxd, full\_module\_name)  
building ‘\_mssql’ extension  
creating build  
creating build\\temp.win-amd64-3.8  
creating build\\temp.win-amd64-3.8\\Release  
creating build\\temp.win-amd64-3.8\\Release\\src  
C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\\VC\\BIN\\x86\_amd64\\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -IC:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-kqototoj\\pymssql\\freetds\\vs2015\_64\\include -IC:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-kqototoj\\pymssql\\build\\include -IE:\\python38\\include -IE:\\python38\\include “-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\\VC\\INCLUDE” “-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\include\\10.0.10240.0\\ucrt” “-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\8.1\\include\\shared” “-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\8.1\\include\\um” “-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\8.1\\include\\winrt” /Tcsrc\_mssql.c /Fobuild\\temp.win-amd64-3.8\\Release\\src\_mssql.obj -DMSDBLIB  
\_mssql.c  
src\_mssql.c(607): fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: ‘sqlfront.h’: No such file or directory  
error: command ‘C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\\VC\\BIN\\x86\_amd64\\cl.exe’ failed with exit status 2  
\----------------------------------------  
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: ‘E:\\python38\\python.exe’ -u -c ‘import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv\[0\] = ‘"’"‘C:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-kqototoj\\pymssql\\setup.py’"’"’; **file**=’"’"‘C:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-kqototoj\\pymssql\\setup.py’"’"’;f=getattr(tokenize, ‘"’"‘open’"’"’, open)(**file**);code=f.read().replace(’"’"’\\r\\n’"’"’, ‘"’"’\\n’"’"’);f.close();exec(compile(code, **file**, ‘"’"‘exec’"’"’))’ install --record ‘C:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-record-y5hiy9r0\\install-record.txt’ --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers ‘E:\\python38\\Include\\pymssql’ Check the logs for full command output.

看分割线上面第二行内容：  
src\_mssql.c(607): fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: ‘sqlfront.h’: No such file or directory

意思是没有这个文件或文件夹，但其实这里不止一个文件，当你保存好这个文件后，他又会报错没有另一个文件或文件夹，所以这里我把所有文件都提供给大家，大家下载后可以把文件夹里的所有文件都复制到python安装目录中的include目录中。再次执行安装命令，应该就不会报错了。

## 错误四 ##

ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:  
command: ‘E:\\python38\\python.exe’ -u -c ‘import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv\[0\] = ‘"’"‘C:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-7nfiir\_3\\pymssql\\setup.py’"’"’; **file**=’"’"‘C:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-7nfiir\_3\\pymssql\\setup.py’"’"’;f=getattr(tokenize, ‘"’"‘open’"’"’, open)(**file**);code=f.read().replace(’"’"’\\r\\n’"’"’, ‘"’"’\\n’"’"’);f.close();exec(compile(code, **file**, ‘"’"‘exec’"’"’))’ install --record ‘C:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-record-\_uoh8yju\\install-record.txt’ --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers ‘E:\\python38\\Include\\pymssql’  
cwd: C:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-7nfiir\_3\\pymssql  
Complete output (28 lines):  
E:\\python38\\lib\\site-packages\\setuptools\\dist.py:45: DistDeprecationWarning: Do not call this function  
warnings.warn(“Do not call this function”, DistDeprecationWarning)  
setup.py: platform.system() => ‘Windows’  
setup.py: platform.architecture() => (‘64bit’, ‘WindowsPE’)  
running install  
running build  
running build\_ext  
cythoning src\_mssql.pyx to src\_mssql.c  
E:\\python38\\lib\\site-packages\\Cython\\Compiler\\Main.py:369: FutureWarning: Cython directive ‘language\_level’ not set, using 2 for now (Py2). This will change in a later release! File: C:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-7nfiir\_3\\pymssql\\src\_mssql.pxd  
tree = Parsing.p\_module(s, pxd, full\_module\_name)  
warning: src\_mssql.pyx:150:4: Exception already a builtin Cython type  
cythoning src\\pymssql.pyx to src\\pymssql.c  
E:\\python38\\lib\\site-packages\\Cython\\Compiler\\Main.py:369: FutureWarning: Cython directive ‘language\_level’ not set, using 2 for now (Py2). This will change in a later release! File: C:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-7nfiir\_3\\pymssql\\src\\pymssql.pyx  
tree = Parsing.p\_module(s, pxd, full\_module\_name)  
building ‘\_mssql’ extension  
creating build  
creating build\\temp.win-amd64-3.8  
creating build\\temp.win-amd64-3.8\\Release  
creating build\\temp.win-amd64-3.8\\Release\\src  
C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\\VC\\BIN\\x86\_amd64\\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -IC:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-7nfiir\_3\\pymssql\\freetds\\vs2015\_64\\include -IC:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-7nfiir\_3\\pymssql\\build\\include -IE:\\python38\\include -IE:\\python38\\include “-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\\VC\\INCLUDE” “-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\include\\10.0.10240.0\\ucrt” “-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\8.1\\include\\shared” “-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\8.1\\include\\um” “-IC:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\8.1\\include\\winrt” /Tcsrc\_mssql.c /Fobuild\\temp.win-amd64-3.8\\Release\\src\_mssql.obj -DMSDBLIB  
\_mssql.c  
src\_mssql.c(13887): warning C4244: ‘=’: conversion from ‘Py\_ssize\_t’ to ‘int’, possible loss of data  
src\_mssql.c(19220): warning C4267: ‘=’: conversion from ‘size\_t’ to ‘int’, possible loss of data  
src\_mssql.c(30204): warning C4146: unary minus operator applied to unsigned type, result still unsigned  
creating C:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-7nfiir\_3\\pymssql\\build\\lib.win-amd64-3.8  
C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\\VC\\BIN\\x86\_amd64\\link.exe /nologo /INCREMENTAL:NO /LTCG /DLL /MANIFEST:EMBED,ID=2 /MANIFESTUAC:NO /LIBPATH:C:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-7nfiir\_3\\pymssql\\build\\lib /LIBPATH:C:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-7nfiir\_3\\pymssql\\freetds\\vs2015\_64\\lib /LIBPATH:E:\\python38\\libs /LIBPATH:E:\\python38\\PCbuild\\amd64 “/LIBPATH:C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\\VC\\LIB\\amd64” “/LIBPATH:C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10\\lib\\10.0.10240.0\\ucrt\\x64” “/LIBPATH:C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\8.1\\lib\\winv6.3\\um\\x64” iconv.lib replacements.lib db-lib.lib tds.lib tdsutils.lib ws2\_32.lib wsock32.lib kernel32.lib shell32.lib /EXPORT:PyInit\_\_mssql build\\temp.win-amd64-3.8\\Release\\src\_mssql.obj /OUT:build\\lib.win-amd64-3.8\_mssql.cp38-win\_amd64.pyd /IMPLIB:build\\temp.win-amd64-3.8\\Release\\src\_mssql.cp38-win\_amd64.lib  
LINK : fatal error LNK1181: cannot open input file ‘iconv.lib’  
error: command ‘C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\\VC\\BIN\\x86\_amd64\\link.exe’ failed with exit status 1181  
\----------------------------------------  
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: ‘E:\\python38\\python.exe’ -u -c ‘import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv\[0\] = ‘"’"‘C:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-7nfiir\_3\\pymssql\\setup.py’"’"’; **file**=’"’"‘C:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-7nfiir\_3\\pymssql\\setup.py’"’"’;f=getattr(tokenize, ‘"’"‘open’"’"’, open)(**file**);code=f.read().replace(’"’"’\\r\\n’"’"’, ‘"’"’\\n’"’"’);f.close();exec(compile(code, **file**, ‘"’"‘exec’"’"’))’ install --record ‘C:\\Users\\wang9\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-record-\_uoh8yju\\install-record.txt’ --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers ‘E:\\python38\\Include\\pymssql’ Check the logs for full command output.

看分割线上面第二行：  
LINK : fatal error LNK1181: cannot open input file ‘iconv.lib’

意思是缺少这个库，大家可以去下载这个文件，然后放到目录 C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\\VC\\lib 中。  
这个方法我没有亲身试验过，所以有试过的朋友可以在评论中留言，说明一下这个方法管不管用，或者出现了什么问题。

## 如果最后还是安不上，那在这里我提供一种最直接的安装方法 ##

到这个网址中：[https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/\#pymssql][https_www.lfd.uci.edu_gohlke_pythonlibs_pymssql]  
下载对应python版本对应Windows版本的whl文件  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1Njc1NDQ5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
然后将下载的whl文件放入python的安装目录中，比如我的python安装目录是 E:\\python38 那么我就应该将whl文件放入该目录中，此时我下载的文件所处的目录是 E:\\python38\\pymssql-2.1.4-cp38-cp38-win\_amd64.whl

然后 win+r 输入 cmd 进入命令字符界面，将目录切换到你的python安装目录，然后执行 pip install 命令

E:\python38>pip install pymssql-2.1.4-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl

我们可以看到提示：

WARNING: pip is being invoked by an old script wrapper. This will fail in a future version of pip.
    Please see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5599 for advice on fixing the underlying issue.
    To avoid this problem you can invoke Python with '-m pip' instead of running pip directly.
    Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
    Processing e:\python38\pymssql-2.1.4-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl
    Installing collected packages: pymssql
    Successfully installed pymssql-2.1.4

**最后一句，成功安装pymssql。**

做一个小小的科普：  
上面的显示结果中有一个WARNING警告，WARNING警告提示我们pip正被一个旧的脚本包装器调用，这种命令格式在以后可能会被弃用，所以会存在一些问题，所以他推荐我们安装使用 python -m pip install 安装模块 这种格式的安装命令，所以以后安装模块可以用这种格式的安装命令

这是我目前为止安装pymssql所遇到的错误和一般的解决方法，如果在排查错误中出现什么问题或者有什么其他的错误，可以在评论区留言，这样我们可以一起讨论一起解决。

[https_pan.baidu.com_s_188G-kvNRHi9cCfCxOaWyvQ]: https://pan.baidu.com/s/188G-kvNRHi9cCfCxOaWyvQ
[https_www.lfd.uci.edu_gohlke_pythonlibs_pymssql]: https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#pymssql
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1Njc1NDQ5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20210516/ba7a6951c3c844a3bcdb87a3deddc363.png