Linux Oracle服务启动&停止脚本与开机自启动

小灰灰 2021-02-12 17:43 838阅读 0赞

在CentOS 6.3下安装完Oracle 10g R2，重开机之后，你会发现Oracle没有自行启动，这是正常的，因为在Linux下安装Oracle的确不会自行启动，必须要自行设定相关参数，首先先介绍一般而言如何启动oracle。

**一、在Linux下启动Oracle**

登录到CentOS，切换到oracle用户权限

\# su – oracle

接着输入：

$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

原本的画面会变为  
SQL>

接着请输入  
SQL> startup

就可以正常的启动数据库了。

![2012112316015357.jpg][]

另外停止数据库的指令如下：  
SQL> shutdown immediate

简单些：

我用的是Redhat Linux，用下面的步骤来启动oracle数据库。  
首先使用oracle用户登录Linux，然后在shell命令行中执行下面的命令：  
第一步：打开Oracle监听  
$ lsnrctl start  
第二步：进入sqlplus  
$ sqlplus /nolog  
SQL>  
第三步：使用sysdab角色登录sqlplus  
SQL> conn /as sysdba  
第四步：启动数据库  
SQL> startup  
经过上面的四个步骤，oracle数据库就可以启动了。

**二、检查Oracle DB监听器是否正常**

回到终端机模式，输入：

$ lsnrctl status

检查看看监听器是否有启动

![2012112316023398.jpg][]

如果没有启动，可以输入：

$ lsnrctl start

启动监听器

![2012112316025926.jpg][]

SQL> conn sys@orcl as sysdba

然后输入密码，sys以sysdba身份登入数据库。

![2012112316034994.jpg][]

**三、启动emctl**

另外也可以发现http://localhost.localdomain:1158/em 目前是没有反应的，这边要另外启动，启动的指令如下：

$ emctl start dbconsole

这个指令运行时间较长，执行完的画面如下：

![2012112316032450.jpg][]

手动启动Oracle数据库完毕，下面创建系统自行启动Oracle的脚本。

**四、Oracle启动&停止脚本**

1. 修改Oracle系统配置文件：/etc/oratab，只有这样，Oracle 自带的dbstart和dbshut才能够发挥作用。

\# vi /etc/oratab  
orcl:/opt/oracle/102:Y

*\# Entries are of the form:  
\# $ORACLE\_SID:$ORACLE\_HOME:<N|Y>:*

2. 在 /etc/init.d/ 下创建文件oracle，内容如下：

#!/bin/sh
    # chkconfig: 35 80 10
    # description: Oracle auto start-stop script.
    
    #
    # Set ORA_HOME to be equivalent to the $ORACLE_HOME
    # from which you wish to execute dbstart and dbshut;
    #
    # Set ORA_OWNER to the user id of the owner of the
    # Oracle database in ORA_HOME.
    ORA_HOME=/opt/oracle/102
    ORA_OWNER=oracle
    if [ ! -f $ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart ]
    then
        echo "Oracle startup: cannot start"
        exit
    fi
    case "$1" in
    'start')
    # Start the Oracle databases:
    echo "Starting Oracle Databases ... "
    echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
    date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Databases as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
    echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
    su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart" >>/var/log/oracle
    echo "Done"
    
    # Start the Listener:
    echo "Starting Oracle Listeners ... "
    echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
    date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Listeners as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
    echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
    su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start" >>/var/log/oracle
    echo "Done."
    echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
    date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
    echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
    touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle
    ;;
    
    'stop')
    # Stop the Oracle Listener:
    echo "Stoping Oracle Listeners ... "
    echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
    date +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Listener as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle
    echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
    su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" >>/var/log/oracle
    echo "Done."
    rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle
    
    # Stop the Oracle Database:
    echo "Stoping Oracle Databases ... "
    echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
    date +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Databases as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle
    echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
    su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut" >>/var/log/oracle
    echo "Done."
    echo ""
    echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
    date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
    echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
    ;;
    
    'restart')
    $0 stop
    $0 start
    ;;
    esac

3. 改变文件权限  
\# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/oracle

4. 添加服务  
\# chkconfig --level 35 oracle on

5. 需要在关机或重启机器之前停止数据库，做一下操作  
\# ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc0.d/K01oracle //关机  
\# ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc6.d/K01oracle //重启

6. 使用方法  
\# service oracle start //启动oracle  
\# service oracle stop //关闭oracle  
\# service oracle restart //重启oracle

7. 测试

**a. 开机自启动**

Last login: Mon Nov 26 19:57:06 2012 from 10.0.0.145
    [root@ORS ~]# su - oracle
    [oracle@ORS ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
    
    SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 26 20:07:33 2012
    
    Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    
    
    Connected to:
    Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
    With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
    
    SQL> set linesize 300;
    SQL> set pagesize 30;
    SQL> select * from scott.emp;
    
         EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO
    ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
          7369 SMITH      CLERK           7902 17-DEC-80        800                    20
          7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN        7698 20-FEB-81       1600        300         30
          7521 WARD       SALESMAN        7698 22-FEB-81       1250        500         30
          7566 JONES      MANAGER         7839 02-APR-81       2975                    20
          7654 MARTIN     SALESMAN        7698 28-SEP-81       1250       1400         30
          7698 BLAKE      MANAGER         7839 01-MAY-81       2850                    30
          7782 CLARK      MANAGER         7839 09-JUN-81       2450                    10
          7788 SCOTT      ANALYST         7566 19-APR-87       3000                    20
          7839 KING       PRESIDENT            17-NOV-81       5000                    10
          7844 TURNER     SALESMAN        7698 08-SEP-81       1500          0         30
          7876 ADAMS      CLERK           7788 23-MAY-87       1100                    20
          7900 JAMES      CLERK           7698 03-DEC-81        950                    30
          7902 FORD       ANALYST         7566 03-DEC-81       3000                    20
          7934 MILLER     CLERK           7782 23-JAN-82       1300                    10
    
    14 rows selected.
    
    SQL>

![2012112714382845.jpg][]

**b. service oracle stop**

SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
    With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
    [oracle@ORS ~]$ logout
    [root@ORS ~]# service oracle stop
    Stoping Oracle Listeners ... 
    Done.
    Stoping Oracle Databases ... 
    Done.
    
    [root@ORS ~]# su - oracle
    [oracle@ORS ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
    
    SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 26 20:17:20 2012
    
    Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    
    Connected to an idle instance.
    
    SQL> set linesize 300;
    SQL> set pagesize 30;
    SQL> select * from scott.emp;
    select * from scott.emp
    *
    ERROR at line 1:
    ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
    
    
    SQL>

![2012112714442927.jpg][]

**c. service oracle start**

SQL> Disconnected
    [oracle@ORS ~]$ logout
    [root@ORS ~]# service oracle start
    Starting Oracle Databases ... 
    Done
    Starting Oracle Listeners ... 
    Done.
    [root@ORS ~]#

![2012112714524977.jpg][]

**d. service oracle restart**

[root@ORS ~]# service oracle restart
    Stoping Oracle Listeners ... 
    Done.
    Stoping Oracle Databases ... 
    Done.
    
    Starting Oracle Databases ... 
    Done
    Starting Oracle Listeners ... 
    Done.
    [root@ORS ~]#

![2012112715005379.jpg][]

至此，Oracle服务启动&停止脚本与开机自启动设置完毕。

[2012112316015357.jpg]: /images/1613151781675.jpg
[2012112316023398.jpg]: /images/1613151764085.jpg
[2012112316025926.jpg]: /images/1613151746225.jpg
[2012112316034994.jpg]: /images/1613151728690.jpg
[2012112316032450.jpg]: /images/1613151710889.jpg
[2012112714382845.jpg]: /images/1613151689249.jpg
[2012112714442927.jpg]: /images/1613151672028.jpg
[2012112714524977.jpg]: /images/1613151653625.jpg
[2012112715005379.jpg]: /images/1613151635215.jpg