安卓笔记常用控件5.6——菜单

Love The Way You Lie 2024-03-31 12:53 78阅读 0赞

## 零、学习目标 ##

*  能说出安卓三种常用菜单
 *  能利用菜单编写简单安卓应用

## 一、菜单概述 ##

*  本次课我们准备讲解菜单，菜单在安卓应用程序中占有比较重要的位置。原生安卓提供了三种类型的菜单：选项菜单（OptionsMenu）、上下文菜单（ContextMenu）和子菜单（SubMenu）。在实际安卓项目中，往往会使用SlidingMenu（滑动菜单），但是要求我们学习如何使用第三方开源库。

## 二、选项菜单案例演示 ##

*  选项菜单针对整个应用程序，提供的是全局性的功能选项。

### （一）实现步骤 ###

#### 1、创建安卓应用【OptionsMenuDemo】 ####

![f809cfb3366e4b95aa4df283b03b3854.png][]

#### 2、将背景图片拷贝到drawable目录 ####

![5ecbc12767d146acb5d071c4aa34fd62.png][]

#### 3、[字符串][Link 1]资源文件strings.xml ####

![59b235c88a654cebac9aa9559d0c1333.png][]

<resources>
        <string name="app_name">选项菜单演示</string>
        <string name="popup_options_menu">弹出选项菜单</string>
    </resources>

#### 4、主布局资源文件activity\_main.[xml][] ####

![66b896e52ef44416bea57562de6ee390.png][]

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:background="@drawable/background"
        android:gravity="center"
        tools:context=".MainActivity">
    
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btnPopupOptionsMenu"
            android:layout_width="200dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:onClick="doPopupOptionsMenu"
            android:text="@string/popup_options_menu" />
    </LinearLayout>

#### 5、主界面类 - MainActivity ####

![71119ef3564d4dc3a7b856f8f3591f73.png][]

*  声明菜单标识常量
 *  ![9c2babe5038244c3878c503f201f38e4.png][]
 *  创建选项菜单
 *  ![cc508a19185b4b9f82b079c85ec2eced.png][]
 *  创建菜单项选择事件方法
 *  ![01a5afb520814ed3b80c91859aefe75e.png][]
 *  编写弹出选项菜单按钮单击事件处理方法
 *  ![6061a6144f9046c699474a9a43614051.png][]

运行查看效果

### 三、上下文菜单案例演示 ###

#### 1、新建一个项目 ####

![f94c7cf9f6514797ba054743fa0d7fc0.png][]

![a1ef5ce616a940d19ab0628239a0eea9.png][]

#### 2、准备图片素材 ####

![b056302fbc6d4610ab2e63a41a0a4b08.png][]

#### 3、字符串资源文件strings.xml ####

![f31a00c7ed9e46a08c7e9a7723a443e5.png][]

<resources>
        <string name="app_name">上下文菜单演示</string>
        <string name="file">文件</string>
        <string name="edit">编辑</string>
    </resources>

#### 4、主布局资源文件acitivity\_main.xml ####

![e526d702640c4e2381fa59e4c2ac3830.png][]

#### 5、主界面类 - MainActivity ####

主界面类的实现功能

![23075bd790e94c8884678d8b5c392e49.png][]

*  声明变量和常量
 *  ![97deacff9e9a4e91ab31bc4b34422c91.png][]
 *      通过资源标识符获取控件实例
 *  ![4f9246ebd13b489b883b90f99359e478.png][]
 *  给控件注册上下文菜单
 *  ![1cebef211c6a485da7f2ea768a722b71.png][]
 *  编写设置图标可用的方法
 *  ![7704e777f8fb49e0b1db8cbf8806a0ef.png][]
 *  编写创建上下文菜单的方法
 *  ![c3ab2b9ed70b4844944fb8941a5d1e1b.png][]
 *  编写上下文菜单项选择事件处理方法
 *  ![17c5e78e015b4c849503151ddd530dfb.png][]

#### 6、启动应用，查看效果 ####

长安【文件】或【编辑】标签，弹出上下文菜单

### 四、子菜单案例演示 ###

#### 1、创建安卓应用 ####

![50a5593092374f67889a8727f06cc5da.png][]

![6e831647cd0e49c19e4bbbcd47d6ffcc.png][]

#### 2、将背景图片拷贝到drawable目录 ####

![49e1786c677c421ab96be91a5ee113cc.png][]

#### 3、字符串资源文件strings.xml ####

![dc499ded5f3e4af695985a56aae214c9.png][]

<resources>
        <string name="app_name">子菜单演示</string>   
    </resources>

4、主布局资源文件activity\_main.xml

![5eea80f9b70d43de98321cbff2aa4370.png][]

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
        android:id="@+id/root"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:background="@drawable/background"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        tools:context=".MainActivity">
    
    </LinearLayout>

#### 5、主界面类 - MainActivity ####

![9358bf104e5a41d191ca54c7a9bee3b6.png][]

*  声明变量和常量
 *  ![d28d54ba14114f8ca8ab8155dab1d3a2.png][]
 *  通过资源标识符获取控件实例
 *  ![6c9490d61b9549fa9a4db62facbe564e.png][]
 *  编写菜单项事件处理方法

![2838368796ff4c45a7fc97d5b3e233bc.png][]

编写菜单项事件处理方法

![c0b9d6585c5a494bbc3e61f73bc9a91c.png][]

#### 6、启动应用，查看效果 ####

### 五、利用菜单配置文件生成菜单 ###

#### 1、创建安卓应用 ####

![f18abd28309f45889f942454e9124546.png][]

![d29abbb184f44474a30b9355dd337a32.png][]

#### 2、准备素材 ####

![6c7b1f601bce4ad396ccca05f96befdd.png][]

#### 3、字符串资源文件strings.xml ####

![4fc07b0904f848ab97f1045269a1f792.png][]

<resources>
        <string name="app_name">利用XML配置生成菜单</string>
        <string name="file_menu">文件</string>
        <string name="new_file">新建文件</string>
        <string name="open_file">打开文件</string>
        <string name="save_file">保存文件</string>
        <string name="exit">退出程序</string>
        <string name="edit_menu">编辑</string>
        <string name="cut">剪切</string>
        <string name="copy">复制</string>
        <string name="paste">粘贴</string>
    </resources>

4、主布局资源文件activity\_main.xml

![1feeec4c7eb546d4b7b1d06ccb34a5c5.png][]

#### 5、菜单配置文件main.xml ####

*  在res目录里创建menu目录，然后在里面创建菜单配置文件main.xml
 *  ![cf8bac4d6cda47fb9050aaf81ff4c7f5.png][]
 *      <menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
            xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
            xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
            tools:context="net.hw.xml_menu.MainActivity">
        
            <item
                android:id="@+id/file_menu"
                android:title="@string/file_menu"
                app:showAsAction="always">
                <menu>
                    <item
                        android:id="@+id/new_file_menu_item"
                        android:icon="@drawable/new_file"
                        android:title="@string/new_file"
                        app:showAsAction="ifRoom|withText" />
                    <item
                        android:id="@+id/open_file_menu_item"
                        android:icon="@drawable/open_file"
                        android:title="@string/open_file"
                        app:showAsAction="ifRoom|withText" />
                    <item
                        android:id="@+id/save_file_menu_item"
                        android:icon="@drawable/save_file"
                        android:title="@string/save_file"
                        app:showAsAction="ifRoom|withText" />
                    <item
                        android:id="@+id/exit_menu_item"
                        android:icon="@drawable/exit"
                        android:title="@string/exit"
                        app:showAsAction="ifRoom|withText" />
                </menu>
            </item>
            <item
                android:id="@+id/edit_menu"
                android:title="@string/edit_menu"
                app:showAsAction="always">
                <menu>
                    <item
                        android:id="@+id/cut_menu_item"
                        android:icon="@drawable/cut"
                        android:title="@string/cut"
                        app:showAsAction="ifRoom|withText" />
                    <item
                        android:id="@+id/copy_menu_item"
                        android:icon="@drawable/copy"
                        android:title="@string/copy"
                        app:showAsAction="ifRoom|withText" />
                    <item
                        android:id="@+id/paste_menu_item"
                        android:icon="@drawable/paste"
                        android:title="@string/paste"
                        app:showAsAction="ifRoom|withText" />
                </menu>
            </item>
        </menu>
    
    #### 6、主界面类 - MainActivity ####
 *  ![bd6e0b0b18464e1690b50cd6f47d014e.png][]

*  利用菜单配置文件生成选项菜单
 *  利用getMenuInflator()获取菜单填充器，调用其inflate()方法将菜单配置文件生成选项菜单，第一个参数是菜单配置文件标识，第二个参数是选项菜单对象
 *  ![62f613b89ccc425491547edf6695923a.png][]
 *  编写菜单项事件处理方法
 *  ![67df8cb8079f4cdfa747411c91129f32.png][]

#### 7、启动应用，查看效果 ####

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[Link 1]: https://so.csdn.net/so/search?q=%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2&spm=1001.2101.3001.7020
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[xml]: https://so.csdn.net/so/search?q=xml&spm=1001.2101.3001.7020
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