FastAPI从入门到实战（7）——请求体函数的参数设置

系统管理员 2024-03-31 12:29 102阅读 0赞

> 上一篇记录了FastAPI中声明请求体的相关内容，本文记录一下零碎的函数特性和参数特性相关内容。

### Pydantic schema\_extra ###

可以使用 `Config` 和 `schema_extra` 为Pydantic模型声明一个示例:

class City(BaseModel):
        country:str = "中国"
        provence:str = Field(...,example = "四川") # Field可以定义请求体的格式和类型
        citys: Optional[List] = None
        population: int = Field(default=None,title="人口数",ge=1000)
    
        class Config:
            schema_extra = {
        
                "example":{
        
                    "country":"中国",
                    "provence":"四川",
                    "citys":["绵阳","成都","遂宁","..."],
                    "population":66666666
                }
            }

![image-20221125215909375][]

### Field参数设置 ###

> `field`同`Path`、`Query`、`Body`可以设置default、title等信息；具体参看源码;

def Field(
        default: Any = Undefined,
        *,
        default_factory: Optional[NoArgAnyCallable] = None,
        alias: str = None,
        title: str = None,
        description: str = None,
        exclude: Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny', Any] = None,
        include: Union['AbstractSetIntStr', 'MappingIntStrAny', Any] = None,
        const: bool = None,
        gt: float = None,
        ge: float = None,
        lt: float = None,
        le: float = None,
        multiple_of: float = None,
        allow_inf_nan: bool = None,
        max_digits: int = None,
        decimal_places: int = None,
        min_items: int = None,
        max_items: int = None,
        unique_items: bool = None,
        min_length: int = None,
        max_length: int = None,
        allow_mutation: bool = True,
        regex: str = None,
        discriminator: str = None,
        repr: bool = True,
        **extra: Any,
    )

### Body参数设置 ###

> `Body`和`Path`、`Query`是一个性质的，分别声明请求体、路径参数、查询参数

# 无 Body 额外参数
    @app04.post("/stu04/notbodyfield")
    def stu04_not_bdy_field(
            param:Dog
    ):
        return param
    
    
    # Body 额外参数
    @app04.post("/stu04/bodyfield")
    def stu04_bdy_field(
            param:Dog = Body(
                example={
        
                    "name":"小七",
                    "age":15,
                    "varieties":"泰迪",
                    "birthday":date.today()
                }
            )
    ):
        return param

![image-20221125220527054][]

![image-20221125220553476][]

### 其他数据类型 ###

> 目前用的都是常见的数据类型，包括`int、float、str、bool`等等；
> 
> 也可以使用其他数据类型，几乎所有Pydantic支持的数据类型都可以：[Pydantic-字段类型][Pydantic-]
> 
> 也可以参看源码：

__all__ = [
        # annotated types utils
        'create_model_from_namedtuple',
        'create_model_from_typeddict',
        # dataclasses
        'dataclasses',
        # class_validators
        'root_validator',
        'validator',
        # config
        'BaseConfig',
        'ConfigDict',
        'Extra',
        # decorator
        'validate_arguments',
        # env_settings
        'BaseSettings',
        # error_wrappers
        'ValidationError',
        # fields
        'Field',
        'Required',
        # main
        'BaseModel',
        'create_model',
        'validate_model',
        # network
        'AnyUrl',
        'AnyHttpUrl',
        'FileUrl',
        'HttpUrl',
        'stricturl',
        'EmailStr',
        'NameEmail',
        'IPvAnyAddress',
        'IPvAnyInterface',
        'IPvAnyNetwork',
        'PostgresDsn',
        'CockroachDsn',
        'AmqpDsn',
        'RedisDsn',
        'MongoDsn',
        'KafkaDsn',
        'validate_email',
        # parse
        'Protocol',
        # tools
        'parse_file_as',
        'parse_obj_as',
        'parse_raw_as',
        'schema_of',
        'schema_json_of',
        # types
        'NoneStr',
        'NoneBytes',
        'StrBytes',
        'NoneStrBytes',
        'StrictStr',
        'ConstrainedBytes',
        'conbytes',
        'ConstrainedList',
        'conlist',
        'ConstrainedSet',
        'conset',
        'ConstrainedFrozenSet',
        'confrozenset',
        'ConstrainedStr',
        'constr',
        'PyObject',
        'ConstrainedInt',
        'conint',
        'PositiveInt',
        'NegativeInt',
        'NonNegativeInt',
        'NonPositiveInt',
        'ConstrainedFloat',
        'confloat',
        'PositiveFloat',
        'NegativeFloat',
        'NonNegativeFloat',
        'NonPositiveFloat',
        'FiniteFloat',
        'ConstrainedDecimal',
        'condecimal',
        'ConstrainedDate',
        'condate',
        'UUID1',
        'UUID3',
        'UUID4',
        'UUID5',
        'FilePath',
        'DirectoryPath',
        'Json',
        'JsonWrapper',
        'SecretField',
        'SecretStr',
        'SecretBytes',
        'StrictBool',
        'StrictBytes',
        'StrictInt',
        'StrictFloat',
        'PaymentCardNumber',
        'PrivateAttr',
        'ByteSize',
        'PastDate',
        'FutureDate',
        # version
        'compiled',
        'VERSION',
    ]

### 源码 ###

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    # @Time: 2022/11/25 21:21
    # @Author: MinChess
    # @File: stu04.py
    # @Software: PyCharm
    from fastapi import APIRouter,Body
    from pydantic import BaseModel,Field
    from typing import Optional,List
    
    from datetime import date
    
    app04 = APIRouter()
    
    # 创建一个数据模型
    class City(BaseModel):
        country:str = "中国"
        provence:str = Field(...,example = "四川") # Field可以定义请求体的格式和类型
        citys: Optional[List] = None
        population: int = Field(default=None,title="人口数",ge=1000)
    
        class Config:
            schema_extra = {
        
                "example":{
        
                    "country":"中国",
                    "provence":"四川",
                    "citys":["绵阳","成都","遂宁","..."],
                    "population":66666666
                }
            }
    
    # Pydantic schema_extra
    
    @app04.post("/stu04/schemaextra")
    def stu04_schema_extra(
            city:City
    ):
        return city
    
    # Field 的附加参数
    class Dog(BaseModel):
        name:str = Field(example = "小黑")
        age:int = Field(...,description="狗的年龄",gt=0,le=20)
        varieties:str = Field(default="拉布拉多",title="狗的品种")
        birthday:date
    
    # 无 Body 额外参数
    @app04.post("/stu04/notbodyfield")
    def stu04_not_bdy_field(
            param:Dog
    ):
        return param
    
    
    # Body 额外参数
    @app04.post("/stu04/bodyfield")
    def stu04_bdy_field(
            param:Dog = Body(
                example={
        
                    "name":"小七",
                    "age":15,
                    "varieties":"泰迪",
                    "birthday":date.today()
                }
            )
    ):
        return param

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[image-20221125215909375]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/31/02605cf410c1481b8b3ef8e974583f48.png
[image-20221125220527054]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/31/fe0c2798bfab425987220e5c4704cc9f.png
[image-20221125220553476]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/31/f0619ddd3612436c8100f53eb590625e.png
[Pydantic-]: https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/usage/types/
[30b7b3ba49344b6691969078c7df196e.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/31/94528f5420424bb29786e744aa1e9db8.png