部署MongoDB复制集群（最全）

秒速五厘米 2024-03-31 10:09 71阅读 0赞

## 集群简介 ##

在生产环境中，MongoDB 经常会部署成一个三节点的复制集，或者一个分片集群。我们先来看左边。当 MongoDB 部署为一个复制集时，应用程序通过驱动，直接请求复制集中的主节点，完成读写操作。另外两个从节点，会自动和主节点同步，保持数据的更新。在集群运行的过程中，万一主节点遇到故障，两个从节点会在几秒的时间内选举出新的主节点，继续支持应用的读写操作。  
我们再来看右边，当 MongoDB 被部署为一个分片集群时，应用程序通过驱动，访问路由节点，也就是 Mongos 节点 Mongos 节点会根据读写操作中的片键值，把读写操作分发的特定的分片执行，然后把分片的执行结果合并，返回给应用程序。那集群中的数据是如何分布的呢？这些元数据记录在 Config Server 中，这也是一个高可用的复制集。每个分片管理集群中整体数据的一部分，也是一个高可用复制集。此外，路由节点，也就是 Mongos 节点在生产环境通常部署多个。这样，整个分片集群没有任何单点故障。  
![在这里插入图片描述][ea4f451f40df40c19b6a602676e24d7e.png]

## 1.下载 ##

https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86\_64-rhel70-5.0.14.tgz

## 2.解压 ##

tar -zxvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-5.0.14.tgz

## 3.创建复制集群 ##

[root@10-0-42-211 mongodb]# mkdir rs1 rs2 rs3
    [root@10-0-42-211 mongodb]# /home/mongodb/mongodb/bin/mongod --replSet rs --dbpath /data/mongodb/rs1 --port 27017 --fork --logpath /data/mongodb/rs1/mongod.log --bind_ip_all
    about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
    forked process: 843
    child process started successfully, parent exiting
    [root@10-0-42-211 mongodb]# /home/mongodb/mongodb/bin/mongod --replSet rs --dbpath /data/mongodb/rs2 --port 27018 --fork --logpath /data/mongodb/rs1/rs2/mongod.log --bind_ip_all
    about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
    forked process: 906
    child process started successfully, parent exiting
    [root@10-0-42-211 mongodb]# /home/mongodb/mongodb/bin/mongod --replSet rs --dbpath /data/mongodb/rs3 --port 27019 --fork --logpath /data/mongodb/rs1/rs3/mongod.log --bind_ip_all
    about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
    forked process: 967
    child process started successfully, parent exiting

## 4.查看端口情况 ##

[root@10-0-42-211 mongodb]# netstat -anop | grep 2701
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:27017           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      843/mongod           off (0.00/0/0)
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:27018           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      906/mongod           off (0.00/0/0)
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:27019           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      967/mongod           off (0.00/0/0)
    tcp        0      0 10.0.42.211:27019       10.6.1.26:59287         ESTABLISHED 967/mongod           keepalive (54.41/0/0)
    tcp        0      0 10.0.42.211:27018       10.6.1.26:59285         ESTABLISHED 906/mongod           keepalive (42.12/0/0)
    tcp        0      0 10.0.42.211:27017       10.6.1.26:59281         ESTABLISHED 843/mongod           keepalive (30.09/0/0)
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     116503   967/mongod           /tmp/mongodb-27019.sock
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     116478   843/mongod           /tmp/mongodb-27017.sock
    unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     116492   906/mongod           /tmp/mongodb-27018.sock

## 5.指定复制集配置 ##

/home/mongodb/mongodb/bin/mongo  
进入进行设置

rs.initiate()
    rs.add ('10.0.42.211:27018')
    rs.add ('10.0.42.211:27019')
    rs.status()

rs:PRIMARY> rs.status()
    {
            "set" : "rs",
            "date" : ISODate("2022-11-22T07:52:54.485Z"),
            "myState" : 1,
            "term" : NumberLong(1),
            "syncSourceHost" : "",
            "syncSourceId" : -1,
            "heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000),
            "majorityVoteCount" : 2,
            "writeMajorityCount" : 2,
            "votingMembersCount" : 3,
            "writableVotingMembersCount" : 3,
            "optimes" : {
                    "lastCommittedOpTime" : {
                            "ts" : Timestamp(1669103566, 1),
                            "t" : NumberLong(1)
                    },
                    "lastCommittedWallTime" : ISODate("2022-11-22T07:52:46.945Z"),
                    "readConcernMajorityOpTime" : {
                            "ts" : Timestamp(1669103566, 1),
                            "t" : NumberLong(1)
                    },
                    "appliedOpTime" : {
                            "ts" : Timestamp(1669103566, 1),
                            "t" : NumberLong(1)
                    },
                    "durableOpTime" : {
                            "ts" : Timestamp(1669103566, 1),
                            "t" : NumberLong(1)
                    },
                    "lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2022-11-22T07:52:46.945Z"),
                    "lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2022-11-22T07:52:46.945Z")
            },
            "lastStableRecoveryTimestamp" : Timestamp(1669103536, 1),
            "electionCandidateMetrics" : {
                    "lastElectionReason" : "electionTimeout",
                    "lastElectionDate" : ISODate("2022-11-22T07:24:15.765Z"),
                    "electionTerm" : NumberLong(1),
                    "lastCommittedOpTimeAtElection" : {
                            "ts" : Timestamp(1669101855, 1),
                            "t" : NumberLong(-1)
                    },
                    "lastSeenOpTimeAtElection" : {
                            "ts" : Timestamp(1669101855, 1),
                            "t" : NumberLong(-1)
                    },
                    "numVotesNeeded" : 1,
                    "priorityAtElection" : 1,
                    "electionTimeoutMillis" : NumberLong(10000),
                    "newTermStartDate" : ISODate("2022-11-22T07:24:16.518Z"),
                    "wMajorityWriteAvailabilityDate" : ISODate("2022-11-22T07:24:16.905Z")
            },
            "members" : [
                    {
                            "_id" : 0,
                            "name" : "10-0-42-211:27017",
                            "health" : 1,
                            "state" : 1,
                            "stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
                            "uptime" : 1950,
                            "optime" : {
                                    "ts" : Timestamp(1669103566, 1),
                                    "t" : NumberLong(1)
                            },
                            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2022-11-22T07:52:46Z"),
                            "lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2022-11-22T07:52:46.945Z"),
                            "lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2022-11-22T07:52:46.945Z"),
                            "syncSourceHost" : "",
                            "syncSourceId" : -1,
                            "infoMessage" : "",
                            "electionTime" : Timestamp(1669101855, 2),
                            "electionDate" : ISODate("2022-11-22T07:24:15Z"),
                            "configVersion" : 5,
                            "configTerm" : 1,
                            "self" : true,
                            "lastHeartbeatMessage" : ""
                    },
                    {
                            "_id" : 1,
                            "name" : "10.0.42.211:27018",
                            "health" : 1,
                            "state" : 2,
                            "stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
                            "uptime" : 1688,
                            "optime" : {
                                    "ts" : Timestamp(1669103566, 1),
                                    "t" : NumberLong(1)
                            },
                            "optimeDurable" : {
                                    "ts" : Timestamp(1669103566, 1),
                                    "t" : NumberLong(1)
                            },
                            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2022-11-22T07:52:46Z"),
                            "optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2022-11-22T07:52:46Z"),
                            "lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2022-11-22T07:52:46.945Z"),
                            "lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2022-11-22T07:52:46.945Z"),
                            "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2022-11-22T07:52:52.764Z"),
                            "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2022-11-22T07:52:52.764Z"),
                            "pingMs" : NumberLong(0),
                            "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",
                            "syncSourceHost" : "10-0-42-211:27017",
                            "syncSourceId" : 0,
                            "infoMessage" : "",
                            "configVersion" : 5,
                            "configTerm" : 1
                    },
                    {
                            "_id" : 2,
                            "name" : "10.0.42.211:27019",
                            "health" : 1,
                            "state" : 2,
                            "stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
                            "uptime" : 1670,
                            "optime" : {
                                    "ts" : Timestamp(1669103566, 1),
                                    "t" : NumberLong(1)
                            },
                            "optimeDurable" : {
                                    "ts" : Timestamp(1669103566, 1),
                                    "t" : NumberLong(1)
                            },
                            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2022-11-22T07:52:46Z"),
                            "optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2022-11-22T07:52:46Z"),
                            "lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2022-11-22T07:52:46.945Z"),
                            "lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2022-11-22T07:52:46.945Z"),
                            "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2022-11-22T07:52:52.764Z"),
                            "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2022-11-22T07:52:52.763Z"),
                            "pingMs" : NumberLong(0),
                            "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",
                            "syncSourceHost" : "10.0.42.211:27018",
                            "syncSourceId" : 1,
                            "infoMessage" : "",
                            "configVersion" : 5,
                            "configTerm" : 1
                    }
            ],
            "ok" : 1,
            "$clusterTime" : {
                    "clusterTime" : Timestamp(1669103566, 1),
                    "signature" : {
                            "hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
                            "keyId" : NumberLong(0)
                    }
            },
            "operationTime" : Timestamp(1669103566, 1)
    }

## 6.创建用户 ##

use admin
    
    db.createUser({ user:'admin',pwd:'123456',roles:[ { role:'userAdminAnyDatabase', db: 'admin'},"readWriteAnyDatabase"]});
    
    db.auth('admin', '123456')

## 7.navcat 登录 ##

只登录主节点可以进行读写，从节点只能读不可写

[ea4f451f40df40c19b6a602676e24d7e.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/31/91ae23161f144f2b98bd913ba9eed2a7.png