Windows环境下使用GTK

亦凉 2024-04-01 16:47 110阅读 0赞

## 一、前言 ##

![1db805339ceb4bc3bf777076b38579b1.png][]![71a911cb675047469a0cb22bff725391.png][]

维基百科：**[GTK][]**（原名**GTK+**）最初是[GIMP][]的专用开发库（GIMP Toolkit），后来发展为[Unix-like][]系统下开发[图形界面][Link 1]的应用程序的主流开发工具之一。GTK是[自由软件][Link 2]，并且是[GNU计划][GNU]的一部分。自2019年2月6日起，GTK+改名为GTK。

## 二、下载地址 ##

已编译好的GTK文件下载地址：

[GTK+][GTK 1]

也可以按照官网的方式使用MSYS2进行安装：

[The GTK Project - A free and open-source cross-platform widget toolkit][]

## 三、VS环境配置 ##

### Step1 解压GTK文件到本地 ###

本文使用32位的gtk+3.6.4，解压后文件如下图，根目录设置为Gtk

![012ae539624b43d6a0fc7419a198d790.png][]

### Step2 添加bin文件夹到环境变量 ###

Windows==>> 设置 ==>> 系统 ==>> 关于 ==>> 高级系统设置 ==>> 环境变量 ==>> 点击Path ==>> 新建 ==>> 输入bin 文件夹路径 ==>> 确定

![c7bee9c8b5c344668aa1c6702dd4f3ee.png][]

### Step3 配置Gtk本地环境 ###

输入代码（注意Gtk文件所在位置）：

> pkg-config --cflags gtk+-3.0
> 
> pango-querymodules > D:\\Gtk\\etc\\pango\\pango.modules  
> gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders > D:\\Gtk\\lib\\gdk-pixbuf-2.0\\2.10.0\\loaders.cache  
> gtk-query-immodules-3.0 > D:\\Gtk\\lib\\gtk-3.0\\3.0.0\\immodules.cache

### Step4 新建VS项目 ###

![85f54b144bcc44e1af6101b1ec64f9d6.png][]

#include <gtk/gtk.h>
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
        GtkWidget* window;
        GtkWidget* label;
    
        gtk_init(&argc, &argv);
    
        /* create the main, top level, window */
        window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
    
        /* give it the title */
        gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "Hello World");
    
        /* Connect the destroy signal of the window to gtk_main_quit
        * When the window is about to be destroyed we get a notification and
        * stop the main GTK+ loop
        */
        g_signal_connect(window, "destroy", G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), NULL);
    
        /* Create the "Hello, World" label  */
        label = gtk_label_new("Hello, World");
    
        /* and insert it into the main window  */
        gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), label);
    
        /* make sure that everything, window and label, are visible */
        gtk_widget_show_all(window);
    
        /* start the main loop, and let it rest there until the application is closed */
        gtk_main();
    
        return 0;
    }

### Step5 添加头文件夹 ###

项目==>> GtkTest属性==>> 配置属性==>> C/C++==>> 常规==>> 附加包含目录

![e2bf485de96c4546bf12c8bd8d2b6b64.png][]

> D:/Gtk/include
> 
> D:/Gtk/include/atk-1.0
> 
> D:/Gtk/include/cairo
> 
> D:/Gtk/include/freetype2
> 
> D:/Gtk/include/glib-2.0
> 
> D:/Gtk/include/gtk-3.0
> 
> D:/Gtk/include/libpng15
> 
> D:/Gtk/include/pixman-1
> 
> D:/Gtk/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0
> 
> D:/Gtk/lib/glib-2.0/include

### Step6 添加库文件夹 ###

项目==>> GtkTest属性==>> 配置属性==>> 链接器==>> 常规==>> 附加库目录

> D:/Gtk/lib

### Step7 添加库文件 ###

项目==>> GtkTest属性==>> 配置属性==>> 链接器==>> 输入==>> 附加依赖项

> atk-1.0.lib  
> cairo.lib  
> fontconfig.lib  
> gailutil.lib  
> gdk\_pixbuf-2.0.lib  
> gdk-win32-3.0.lib  
> gio-2.0.lib  
> glib-2.0.lib  
> gmodule-2.0.lib  
> gobject-2.0.lib  
> gthread-2.0.lib  
> gtk-win32-3.0.lib  
> pango-1.0.lib  
> pangocairo-1.0.lib  
> pangoft2-1.0.lib  
> pangowin32-1.0.lib

### Step8 运行 ###

![15b421dc2d24497180cd5b6ec8af0c09.png][]

> **隐藏控制台的方法：**
> 
> 项目右键 -> 属性 -> 配置属性 -> 链接器 ->
> 
>  *  系统 -> 子系统 -> 窗口(/SUBSYSTEM:WINDOWS)
>  *  高级 -> 入口点 -> mainCRTStartup

## 四、使用教程 ##

[GTK+ 教程 · ZetCode 中文系列教程 · 看云][GTK_ _ _ ZetCode _ _]

[gtk学习总结：GTK从入门到放弃，三天包教包会\_rtoax的博客-CSDN博客\_gtk][gtk_GTK_rtoax_-CSDN_gtk]

[gtk3基础知识的学习(C语言)\_小陌白的博客-CSDN博客\_gtk3][gtk3_C_-CSDN_gtk3]

## 附录 使用示例 ##

### 1. 显示图片 ###

#include<gtk/gtk.h>
    int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    
    	GtkWidget* window;
    	GtkWidget* frame;
    	GtkWidget* image;
    	GdkPixbuf* pixbuf;
    	//这个函数在所有的 GTK 程序都要调用。参数由命令行中解析出来并且送到该程序中
    	gtk_init(&argc, &argv);
    	//建立主窗口
    	window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
    	//设置窗口标题和大小
    	gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "Demo");
    	gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window), 300, 200);
    	//从文件中建立pixbuf像素缓冲区
    	pixbuf = gdk_pixbuf_new_from_file("1.png", NULL);
    	//从像素缓冲区中建立图像
    	image = gtk_image_new_from_pixbuf(pixbuf);
    	//释放缓冲区
    	g_object_unref(pixbuf);
    	//创建框架
    	frame = gtk_frame_new("this is a picture");
    	//将图像加入框架
    	gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(frame), image);
    	//将框架加入窗口
    	gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), frame);
    	//窗口退出事件添加回调函数
    	g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window), "destroy", G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), NULL);
    	//显示窗口
    	gtk_widget_show_all(window);
    	//所有的 GTK 程序必须有一个 gtk_main() 函数。程序运行停在这里 等待事件 (如键盘事件或鼠标事件) 的发生。
    	gtk_main();
    	return 0;
    }

### 2. 显示表格 ###

[GTK+ 2.0 Tree View Tutorial][GTK_ 2.0 Tree View Tutorial]

#include <gtk/gtk.h>
    
    enum
    {
        COL_NAME = 0,
        COL_AGE,
        NUM_COLS
    };
    
    
    // GtkTreeModel用于保存数据
    static GtkTreeModel*
    create_and_fill_model(void)
    {
        GtkListStore* store;
        GtkTreeIter    iter;
    
        store = gtk_list_store_new(NUM_COLS, G_TYPE_STRING, G_TYPE_UINT);
    
        /* 添加一行数据 */
        gtk_list_store_append(store, &iter);
        gtk_list_store_set(store, &iter,
            COL_NAME, "Heinz El-Mann",
            COL_AGE, 51,
            -1);
    
        /* 再添加一行数据 */
        gtk_list_store_append(store, &iter);
        gtk_list_store_set(store, &iter,
            COL_NAME, "Jane Doe",
            COL_AGE, 23,
            -1);
    
        /* 再添加一行数据 */
        gtk_list_store_append(store, &iter);
        gtk_list_store_set(store, &iter,
            COL_NAME, "Joe Bungop",
            COL_AGE, 91,
            -1);
    
        // 返回树模型
        return GTK_TREE_MODEL(store);
    }
    
    
    // GtkTreeView用于数据的显示
    static GtkWidget*
    create_view_and_model(void)
    {
        GtkCellRenderer* renderer;
        GtkTreeModel* model;
        GtkWidget* view;
    
        view = gtk_tree_view_new();
    
        /* --- 第一列 --- */
    
        renderer = gtk_cell_renderer_text_new();
        gtk_tree_view_insert_column_with_attributes(GTK_TREE_VIEW(view),
            -1,
            "Name",
            renderer,
            "text", COL_NAME,
            NULL);
    
        /* --- 第二列 --- */
    
        renderer = gtk_cell_renderer_text_new();
        gtk_tree_view_insert_column_with_attributes(GTK_TREE_VIEW(view),
            -1,
            "Age",
            renderer,
            "text", COL_AGE,
            NULL);
    
        model = create_and_fill_model();
    
        gtk_tree_view_set_model(GTK_TREE_VIEW(view), model);
    
        /* The tree view has acquired its own reference to the
         *  model, so we can drop ours. That way the model will
         *  be freed automatically when the tree view is destroyed */
    
        g_object_unref(model);
    
        return view;
    }
    
    
    int main(int argc, char** argv)
    {
        GtkWidget* window;
        GtkWidget* view;
    
        gtk_init(&argc, &argv);
    
        window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
        g_signal_connect(window, "delete_event", gtk_main_quit, NULL); /* dirty */
    
        view = create_view_and_model();
    
        gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), view);
    
        gtk_widget_show_all(window);
    
        gtk_main();
    
        return 0;
    }

[1db805339ceb4bc3bf777076b38579b1.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/1db805339ceb4bc3bf777076b38579b1.png
[71a911cb675047469a0cb22bff725391.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/4ab36195daeb44f186a865ea971538c4.png
[GTK]: https://www.gtk.org/
[GIMP]: https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIMP
[Unix-like]: https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix-like
[Link 1]: https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A2
[Link 2]: https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6
[GNU]: https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83
[GTK 1]: http://www.tarnyko.net/dl/gtk.htm
[The GTK Project - A free and open-source cross-platform widget toolkit]: https://www.gtk.org/docs/installations/windows/
[012ae539624b43d6a0fc7419a198d790.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/4f24b1ceb3a840beb7b27142137bc204.png
[c7bee9c8b5c344668aa1c6702dd4f3ee.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/f64965442a3149fca48d986f891d9d60.png
[85f54b144bcc44e1af6101b1ec64f9d6.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/c2ef351b32044f8988a9b0bed153eb74.png
[e2bf485de96c4546bf12c8bd8d2b6b64.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/6c9fd17ad389483798b8a579562cda27.png
[15b421dc2d24497180cd5b6ec8af0c09.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/edfe0784a1534c94b2d6ecf1efa7ae32.png
[GTK_ _ _ ZetCode _ _]: https://www.kancloud.cn/apachecn/zetcode-zh/1950310
[gtk_GTK_rtoax_-CSDN_gtk]: https://blog.csdn.net/Rong_Toa/article/details/85856499?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522166805256016782414961185%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334..%2522%257D&request_id=166805256016782414961185&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2~all~top_positive~default-1-85856499-null-null.142%5Ev63%5Econtrol,201%5Ev3%5Econtrol,213%5Ev2%5Et3_esquery_v3&utm_term=gtk&spm=1018.2226.3001.4187
[gtk3_C_-CSDN_gtk3]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_48842132/article/details/121249430
[GTK_ 2.0 Tree View Tutorial]: http://scentric.net/tutorial/treeview-tutorial.html