云原生之kubectl命令详解

雨点打透心脏的1/2处 2024-04-01 13:28 83阅读 0赞

**目录**

1、查看版本信息：kubectl version

2、查看资源对象简写（缩写）：kubectl api-resources

3、查看集群信息：kubectl cluster-info

4、查看帮助信息：kubectl --help

5、node节点日志查看：journalctl -u kubelet -f

6、获取一个或多个资源信息：kubectl get

6.1、查看所有命名空间运行的pod信息： kubectl get pods -A

6.2、查看所有命名空间运行的pod详细信息： kubectl get pods -A -o wide

6.3、 查看所有资源对象：kubectl get all -A

6.4、查看node节点上的标签：kube get nodes --show-labels

6.5、查看pod节点上的标签：kubectl get pods --show-labels -A

6.6、查看节点状态信息：kubectl get cs

6.7、查看命名空间：kubectl get namespaces

7、创建命名空间 ：kubectl create ns app

8、删除命名空间：kubectl delete ns ceshi

9、在命名空间kube-public创建无状态控制器deployment来启动pod，暴露80端口，副本集为3

11、暴露发布pod中的服务供用户访问

12、删除pod中的nginx服务及service

13、查看endpoint的信息

14、修改/更新（镜像、参数......） kubectl set

15、调整副本集的数量：kubectl scale

16、查看详细信息：kubectl describe

16.1、显示所有的nodes的详细信息：kubectl describe nodes

16.2、查看某个node的详细信息

16.3、显示所有Pod的详细信息：kubectl describe pods

16.4、显示一个pod的详细信息 ：kubectl describe deploy/nginx

16.5、显示所有svc详细信息：kubectl describe svc

16.6、显示指定svc的详细信息：kubectl describe svc nginx-service

16.7、显示所有namespace的详细信息：kubectl describe ns

16.8、显示指定namespace的详细信息：kubectl describe ns kube-public

--------------------

## 1、查看版本信息：kubectl version ##

> \[root@master ~\]\# kubectl version

[root@master ~]# kubectl version
    Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"21", GitVersion:"v1.21.3", GitCommit:"ca643a4d1f7bfe34773c74f79527be4afd95bf39", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-07-15T21:04:39Z", GoVersion:"go1.16.6", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
    Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"21", GitVersion:"v1.21.3", GitCommit:"ca643a4d1f7bfe34773c74f79527be4afd95bf39", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-07-15T20:59:07Z", GoVersion:"go1.16.6", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
    [root@master ~]# kubectl

## 2、查看资源对象简写（缩写）：kubectl api-resources ##

> \[root@master ~\]\# kubectl api-resources

Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"21", GitVersion:"v1.21.3", GitCommit:"ca643a4d1f7bfe34773c74f79527be4afd95bf39", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-07-15T21:04:39Z", GoVersion:"go1.16.6", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
    Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"21", GitVersion:"v1.21.3", GitCommit:"ca643a4d1f7bfe34773c74f79527be4afd95bf39", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-07-15T20:59:07Z", GoVersion:"go1.16.6", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
    [root@master ~]# kubectl api-resources
    NAME                              SHORTNAMES   APIVERSION                             NAMESPACED   KIND
    bindings                                       v1                                     true         Binding
    componentstatuses                 cs           v1                                     false        ComponentStatus
    configmaps                        cm           v1                                     true         ConfigMap
    endpoints                         ep           v1                                     true         Endpoints
    events                            ev           v1                                     true         Event
    limitranges                       limits       v1                                     true         LimitRange
    namespaces                        ns           v1                                     false        Namespace
    nodes                             no           v1                                     false        Node
    persistentvolumeclaims            pvc          v1                                     true         PersistentVolumeClaim
    persistentvolumes                 pv           v1                                     false        PersistentVolume
    pods                              po           v1                                     true         Pod
    podtemplates                                   v1                                     true         PodTemplate
    replicationcontrollers            rc           v1                                     true         ReplicationController
    resourcequotas                    quota        v1                                     true         ResourceQuota
    secrets                                        v1                                     true         Secret
    serviceaccounts                   sa           v1                                     true         ServiceAccount
    services                          svc          v1                                     true         Service
    mutatingwebhookconfigurations                  admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1        false        MutatingWebhookConfiguration
    validatingwebhookconfigurations                admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1        false        ValidatingWebhookConfiguration
    customresourcedefinitions         crd,crds     apiextensions.k8s.io/v1                false        CustomResourceDefinition
    apiservices                                    apiregistration.k8s.io/v1              false        APIService
    controllerrevisions                            apps/v1                                true         ControllerRevision
    daemonsets                        ds           apps/v1                                true         DaemonSet
    deployments                       deploy       apps/v1                                true         Deployment
    replicasets                       rs           apps/v1                                true         ReplicaSet
    statefulsets                      sts          apps/v1                                true         StatefulSet
    tokenreviews                                   authentication.k8s.io/v1               false        TokenReview
    localsubjectaccessreviews                      authorization.k8s.io/v1                true         LocalSubjectAccessReview
    selfsubjectaccessreviews                       authorization.k8s.io/v1                false        SelfSubjectAccessReview
    selfsubjectrulesreviews                        authorization.k8s.io/v1                false        SelfSubjectRulesReview
    subjectaccessreviews                           authorization.k8s.io/v1                false        SubjectAccessReview
    horizontalpodautoscalers          hpa          autoscaling/v1                         true         HorizontalPodAutoscaler
    cronjobs                          cj           batch/v1                               true         CronJob
    jobs                                           batch/v1                               true         Job
    certificatesigningrequests        csr          certificates.k8s.io/v1                 false        CertificateSigningRequest
    leases                                         coordination.k8s.io/v1                 true         Lease
    endpointslices                                 discovery.k8s.io/v1                    true         EndpointSlice
    events                            ev           events.k8s.io/v1                       true         Event
    ingresses                         ing          extensions/v1beta1                     true         Ingress
    flowschemas                                    flowcontrol.apiserver.k8s.io/v1beta1   false        FlowSchema
    prioritylevelconfigurations                    flowcontrol.apiserver.k8s.io/v1beta1   false        PriorityLevelConfiguration
    ingressclasses                                 networking.k8s.io/v1                   false        IngressClass
    ingresses                         ing          networking.k8s.io/v1                   true         Ingress
    networkpolicies                   netpol       networking.k8s.io/v1                   true         NetworkPolicy
    runtimeclasses                                 node.k8s.io/v1                         false        RuntimeClass
    poddisruptionbudgets              pdb          policy/v1                              true         PodDisruptionBudget
    podsecuritypolicies               psp          policy/v1beta1                         false        PodSecurityPolicy
    clusterrolebindings                            rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1           false        ClusterRoleBinding
    clusterroles                                   rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1           false        ClusterRole
    rolebindings                                   rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1           true         RoleBinding
    roles                                          rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1           true         Role
    priorityclasses                   pc           scheduling.k8s.io/v1                   false        PriorityClass
    csidrivers                                     storage.k8s.io/v1                      false        CSIDriver
    csinodes                                       storage.k8s.io/v1                      false        CSINode
    csistoragecapacities                           storage.k8s.io/v1beta1                 true         CSIStorageCapacity
    storageclasses                    sc           storage.k8s.io/v1                      false        StorageClass
    volumeattachments                              storage.k8s.io/v1                      false        VolumeAttachment

## 3、查看集群信息：kubectl cluster-info ##

> \[root@master ~\]\# kubectl cluster-info

Kubernetes control plane is running at https://192.168.159.10:6443
    CoreDNS is running at https://192.168.159.10:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy
    
    To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.

## 4、查看帮助信息：kubectl --help ##

> \[root@master ~\]\# kubectl --help

kubectl controls the Kubernetes cluster manager.
    
     Find more information at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/
    
    Basic Commands (Beginner):
      create        Create a resource from a file or from stdin.
      expose        使用 replication controller, service, deployment 或者 pod 并暴露它作为一个 新的 Kubernetes
    Service
      run           在集群中运行一个指定的镜像
      set           为 objects 设置一个指定的特征
    
    Basic Commands (Intermediate):
      explain       查看资源的文档
      get           显示一个或更多 resources
      edit          在服务器上编辑一个资源
      delete        Delete resources by filenames, stdin, resources and names, or by resources and label selector
    
    Deploy Commands:
      rollout       Manage the rollout of a resource
      scale         Set a new size for a Deployment, ReplicaSet or Replication Controller
      autoscale     Auto-scale a Deployment, ReplicaSet, StatefulSet, or ReplicationController
    
    Cluster Management Commands:
      certificate   修改 certificate 资源.
      cluster-info  显示集群信息
      top           显示 Resource (CPU/Memory) 使用.
      cordon        标记 node 为 unschedulable
      uncordon      标记 node 为 schedulable
      drain         Drain node in preparation for maintenance
      taint         更新一个或者多个 node 上的 taints
    
    Troubleshooting and Debugging Commands:
      describe      显示一个指定 resource 或者 group 的 resources 详情
      logs          输出容器在 pod 中的日志
      attach        Attach 到一个运行中的 container
      exec          在一个 container 中执行一个命令
      port-forward  Forward one or more local ports to a pod
      proxy         运行一个 proxy 到 Kubernetes API server
      cp            复制 files 和 directories 到 containers 和从容器中复制 files 和 directories.
      auth          Inspect authorization
      debug         Create debugging sessions for troubleshooting workloads and nodes
    
    Advanced Commands:
      diff          Diff live version against would-be applied version
      apply         通过文件名或标准输入流(stdin)对资源进行配置
      patch         Update field(s) of a resource
      replace       通过 filename 或者 stdin替换一个资源
      wait          Experimental: Wait for a specific condition on one or many resources.
      kustomize     Build a kustomization target from a directory or URL.
    
    Settings Commands:
      label         更新在这个资源上的 labels
      annotate      更新一个资源的注解
      completion    Output shell completion code for the specified shell (bash or zsh)
    
    Other Commands:
      api-resources Print the supported API resources on the server
      api-versions  Print the supported API versions on the server, in the form of "group/version"
      config        修改 kubeconfig 文件
      plugin        Provides utilities for interacting with plugins.
      version       输出 client 和 server 的版本信息
    
    Usage:
      kubectl [flags] [options]
    
    Use "kubectl <command> --help" for more information about a given command.
    Use "kubectl options" for a list of global command-line options (applies to all commands).

官方帮助信息：[Kubernetes kubectl 命令表 \_ Kubernetes(K8S)中文文档\_Kubernetes中文社区![cropped-con999-32x32.png][]http://docs.kubernetes.org.cn/683.html][Kubernetes kubectl _ _ Kubernetes_K8S_Kubernetes_cropped-con999-32x32.png_http_docs.kubernetes.org.cn_683.html]

## **5、node节点日**志查看：journalctl -u kubelet -f ##

-- Logs begin at 三 2022-11-02 02:24:50 CST. --
    11月 01 19:51:04 master kubelet[13641]: I1101 19:51:04.415651   13641 pod_container_deletor.go:79] "Container not found in pod's containers" containerID="041b38b5bb2ff0161170bea161fd70e9175cc27fdc98877944d899ebe7b90d2f"
    11月 01 19:51:06 master kubelet[13641]: I1101 19:51:06.428325   13641 reconciler.go:196] "operationExecutor.UnmountVolume started for volume \"kubeconfig\" (UniqueName: \"kubernetes.io/host-path/771ef2517500c43b40e7df4c76198cac-kubeconfig\") pod \"771ef2517500c43b40e7df4c76198cac\" (UID: \"771ef2517500c43b40e7df4c76198cac\") "
    11月 01 19:51:06 master kubelet[13641]: I1101 19:51:06.428370   13641 operation_generator.go:829] UnmountVolume.TearDown succeeded for volume "kubernetes.io/host-path/771ef2517500c43b40e7df4c76198cac-kubeconfig" (OuterVolumeSpecName: "kubeconfig") pod "771ef2517500c43b40e7df4c76198cac" (UID: "771ef2517500c43b40e7df4c76198cac"). InnerVolumeSpecName "kubeconfig". PluginName "kubernetes.io/host-path", VolumeGidValue ""
    11月 01 19:51:06 master kubelet[13641]: I1101 19:51:06.529163   13641 reconciler.go:319] "Volume detached for volume \"kubeconfig\" (UniqueName: \"kubernetes.io/host-path/771ef2517500c43b40e7df4c76198cac-kubeconfig\") on node \"master\" DevicePath \"\""
    11月 01 19:51:07 master kubelet[13641]: I1101 19:51:07.282148   13641 kubelet_getters.go:300] "Path does not exist" path="/var/lib/kubelet/pods/771ef2517500c43b40e7df4c76198cac/volumes"
    11月 01 19:51:10 master kubelet[13641]: I1101 19:51:10.913108   13641 topology_manager.go:187] "Topology Admit Handler"
    11月 01 19:51:11 master kubelet[13641]: I1101 19:51:11.079185   13641 reconciler.go:224] "operationExecutor.VerifyControllerAttachedVolume started for volume \"kubeconfig\" (UniqueName: \"kubernetes.io/host-path/5e72c0f5a18f84d50f027106c98ab6b1-kubeconfig\") pod \"kube-scheduler-master\" (UID: \"5e72c0f5a18f84d50f027106c98ab6b1\") "
    11月 01 19:51:15 master kubelet[13641]: E1101 19:51:15.849398   13641 cadvisor_stats_provider.go:151] "Unable to fetch pod etc hosts stats" err="failed to get stats failed command 'du' ($ nice -n 19 du -x -s -B 1) on path /var/lib/kubelet/pods/771ef2517500c43b40e7df4c76198cac/etc-hosts with error exit status 1" pod="kube-system/kube-scheduler-master"
    11月 01 19:51:25 master kubelet[13641]: E1101 19:51:25.874999   13641 cadvisor_stats_provider.go:151] "Unable to fetch pod etc hosts stats" err="failed to get stats failed command 'du' ($ nice -n 19 du -x -s -B 1) on path /var/lib/kubelet/pods/771ef2517500c43b40e7df4c76198cac/etc-hosts with error exit status 1" pod="kube-system/kube-scheduler-master"
    11月 01 19:51:31 master kubelet[13641]: I1101 19:51:31.

**k8s中查看核心组件日志怎么看**

**①、通过kubeadm部署的：kubectl logs -f pod\_组件名 -n namespace**

**或者 journalctl -u kubelet -f**

**②、二进制部署的：journalctl -u kubelet -f**

## 6、获取一个或多个资源信息：kubectl get ##

语法格式：

kubectl get <resource> \[-o wide | json| yaml\] \[-n namespace\]

注释：

resource：可以是具体资源名称

\-o ：指定输出格式

\-n ：指定名称空间

### 6.1、查看所有命名空间运行的pod信息： kubectl get pods -A ###

> \[root@master ~\]\# kubectl get pods -A

NAMESPACE      NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
    kube-flannel   kube-flannel-ds-7clld            1/1     Running   0          5h35m
    kube-flannel   kube-flannel-ds-psgvb            1/1     Running   0          5h35m
    kube-flannel   kube-flannel-ds-xxncr            1/1     Running   0          5h35m
    kube-system    coredns-6f6b8cc4f6-lbvl5         1/1     Running   0          5h45m
    kube-system    coredns-6f6b8cc4f6-m6brz         1/1     Running   0          5h45m
    kube-system    etcd-master                      1/1     Running   0          5h45m
    kube-system    kube-apiserver-master            1/1     Running   0          5h45m
    kube-system    kube-controller-manager-master   1/1     Running   0          5h11m
    kube-system    kube-proxy-jwpnz                 1/1     Running   0          5h40m
    kube-system    kube-proxy-xqcqm                 1/1     Running   0          5h41m
    kube-system    kube-proxy-z6rhl                 1/1     Running   0          5h45m
    kube-system    kube-scheduler-master            1/1     Running   0          5h11m

### 6.2、查看所有命名空间运行的pod详细信息： kubectl get pods -A -o wide ###

> \[root@master ~\]\# kubectl get pods -A -o wide

NAMESPACE      NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP               NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
    kube-flannel   kube-flannel-ds-7clld            1/1     Running   0          5h39m   192.168.159.13   node02   <none>           <none>
    kube-flannel   kube-flannel-ds-psgvb            1/1     Running   0          5h39m   192.168.159.11   node01   <none>           <none>
    kube-flannel   kube-flannel-ds-xxncr            1/1     Running   0          5h39m   192.168.159.10   master   <none>           <none>
    kube-system    coredns-6f6b8cc4f6-lbvl5         1/1     Running   0          5h49m   10.150.2.2       node02   <none>           <none>
    kube-system    coredns-6f6b8cc4f6-m6brz         1/1     Running   0          5h49m   10.150.1.2       node01   <none>           <none>
    kube-system    etcd-master                      1/1     Running   0          5h49m   192.168.159.10   master   <none>           <none>
    kube-system    kube-apiserver-master            1/1     Running   0          5h49m   192.168.159.10   master   <none>           <none>
    kube-system    kube-controller-manager-master   1/1     Running   0          5h16m   192.168.159.10   master   <none>           <none>
    kube-system    kube-proxy-jwpnz                 1/1     Running   0          5h45m   192.168.159.13   node02   <none>           <none>
    kube-system    kube-proxy-xqcqm                 1/1     Running   0          5h45m   192.168.159.11   node01   <none>           <none>
    kube-system    kube-proxy-z6rhl                 1/1     Running   0          5h49m   192.168.159.10   master   <none>           <none>
    kube-system    kube-scheduler-master            1/1     Running   0          5h15m   192.168.159.10   master   <none>           <none>

### ![842cccf28bc14ee5930d92ee3f201e9b.png][] ###

### 6.3、 查看所有资源对象：kubectl get all -A ###

> \[root@master ~\]\# kubectl get all -A

NAMESPACE      NAME                                 READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
    kube-flannel   pod/kube-flannel-ds-7whbw            1/1     Running   0          5h14m
    kube-flannel   pod/kube-flannel-ds-nj4vl            1/1     Running   0          5h14m
    kube-flannel   pod/kube-flannel-ds-w55x5            1/1     Running   0          5h14m
    kube-system    pod/coredns-6f6b8cc4f6-lg6hc         1/1     Running   0          5h20m
    kube-system    pod/coredns-6f6b8cc4f6-tdwhx         1/1     Running   0          5h20m
    kube-system    pod/etcd-master                      1/1     Running   0          5h20m
    kube-system    pod/kube-apiserver-master            1/1     Running   0          5h20m
    kube-system    pod/kube-controller-manager-master   1/1     Running   0          5h13m
    kube-system    pod/kube-proxy-gv58r                 1/1     Running   0          5h20m
    kube-system    pod/kube-proxy-xd4lz                 1/1     Running   0          5h18m
    kube-system    pod/kube-proxy-zzs2s                 1/1     Running   0          5h18m
    kube-system    pod/kube-scheduler-master            1/1     Running   0          5h12m
    
    NAMESPACE     NAME                    TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE
    default       service/kubernetes      ClusterIP   10.125.0.1     <none>        443/TCP                  5h20m
    default       service/nginx-service   NodePort    10.125.18.84   <none>        80:32476/TCP             5h3m
    kube-system   service/kube-dns        ClusterIP   10.125.0.10    <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP   5h20m
    
    NAMESPACE      NAME                             DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   NODE SELECTOR            AGE
    kube-flannel   daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds   3         3         3       3            3           <none>                   5h14m
    kube-system    daemonset.apps/kube-proxy        3         3         3       3            3           kubernetes.io/os=linux   5h20m
    
    NAMESPACE     NAME                      READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
    kube-system   deployment.apps/coredns   2/2     2            2           5h20m
    
    NAMESPACE     NAME                                 DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
    kube-system   replicaset.apps/coredns-6f6b8cc4f6   2         2         2       5h20m

### 6.4、查看node节点上的标签：kube get nodes --show-labels ###

> \[root@master ~\]\# kubectl get nodes --show-labels

NAME     STATUS   ROLES                  AGE     VERSION   LABELS
    master   Ready    control-plane,master   5h58m   v1.21.3   beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux,kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,kubernetes.io/hostname=master,kubernetes.io/os=linux,node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane=,node-role.kubernetes.io/master=,node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers=
    node01   Ready    node                   5h53m   v1.21.3   beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux,kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,kubernetes.io/hostname=node01,kubernetes.io/os=linux,node-role.kubernetes.io/node=node
    node02   Ready    node                   5h53m   v1.21.3   beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux,kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,kubernetes.io/hostname=node02,kubernetes.io/os=linux,node-role.kubernetes.io/node=node

### 6.5、查看pod节点上的标签：kubectl get pods --show-labels -A ###

> \[root@master ~\]\# kubectl get pods --show-labels -A

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods --show-labels -A
    NAMESPACE      NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     LABELS
    kube-flannel   kube-flannel-ds-7clld            1/1     Running   0          5h51m   app=flannel,controller-revision-hash=5b775b5b5c,pod-template-generation=1,tier=node
    kube-flannel   kube-flannel-ds-psgvb            1/1     Running   0          5h51m   app=flannel,controller-revision-hash=5b775b5b5c,pod-template-generation=1,tier=node
    kube-flannel   kube-flannel-ds-xxncr            1/1     Running   0          5h51m   app=flannel,controller-revision-hash=5b775b5b5c,pod-template-generation=1,tier=node
    kube-system    coredns-6f6b8cc4f6-lbvl5         1/1     Running   0          6h1m    k8s-app=kube-dns,pod-template-hash=6f6b8cc4f6
    kube-system    coredns-6f6b8cc4f6-m6brz         1/1     Running   0          6h1m    k8s-app=kube-dns,pod-template-hash=6f6b8cc4f6
    kube-system    etcd-master                      1/1     Running   0          6h1m    component=etcd,tier=control-plane
    kube-system    kube-apiserver-master            1/1     Running   0          6h1m    component=kube-apiserver,tier=control-plane
    kube-system    kube-controller-manager-master   1/1     Running   0          5h27m   component=kube-controller-manager,tier=control-plane
    kube-system    kube-proxy-jwpnz                 1/1     Running   0          5h56m   controller-revision-hash=6b87fcb57c,k8s-app=kube-proxy,pod-template-generation=1
    kube-system    kube-proxy-xqcqm                 1/1     Running   0          5h56m   controller-revision-hash=6b87fcb57c,k8s-app=kube-proxy,pod-template-generation=1
    kube-system    kube-proxy-z6rhl                 1/1     Running   0          6h1m    controller-revision-hash=6b87fcb57c,k8s-app=kube-proxy,pod-template-generation=1
    kube-system    kube-scheduler-master            1/1     Running   0          5h26m   component=kube-scheduler,tier=control-plane

### 6.6、查看节点状态信息：kubectl get cs ###

> \[root@master ~\]\# kubectl get cs

Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
    NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
    scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
    controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  
    etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}

### 6.7、查看命名空间：kubectl get namespaces ###

> 或者使用缩写：\[root@master ~\]\# kubectl get ns

[root@master ~]# kubectl  get namespace
    NAME              STATUS   AGE
    default           Active   6h8m
    kube-flannel      Active   5h58m
    kube-node-lease   Active   6h8m
    kube-public       Active   6h8m
    kube-system       Active   6h8m

## 7、创建命名空间 ：kubectl create ns app ##

[root@master ~]# kubectl create ns ceshi
    namespace/ceshi created

## ![06ee18044a254cc3902e0549050c67ef.png][] ##

## 8、删除命名空间：kubectl delete ns ceshi ##

[root@master ~]# kubectl delete ns ceshi
    namespace "ceshi" deleted

## 9、在命名空间kube-public创建无状态控制器deployment来启动pod，暴露80端口，副本集为3 ##

> 在kube-public命名空间创建一个nginx
> 
> \[root@master ~\]\# kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx:1.15 --port=80 --replicas=3 -n kube-public

[root@master ~]# kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx:1.15 --port=80 --replicas=3 -n kube-public
    deployment.apps/nginx created

## ![b23514dd6c684ad5b8833c19f753c022.png][] ##

## 11、暴露发布pod中的服务供用户访问 ##

> \[root@master ~\]\# kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --target-port=80 --name=nginx-service --type=NodePort -n kube-public

![4c141164e4f342c5bb937b2ad102756e.png][]

访问：

![12b1c7c1b7b14e47bd82169632f5fe00.png][]

![5373726708f748ea8ee968ca3d0d3077.png][]

## 12、删除pod中的nginx服务及service ##

> \[root@master ~\]\# kubectl delete deployment nginx -n kube-public

![ffbe375357f94c89bba0651c14048145.png][]

> \[root@master ~\]\# kubectl delete svc -n kube-public nginx-service

![e1398d07972c45bc916c08549dbbd188.png][]

## 13、查看endpoint的信息 ##

> \[root@master ~\]\# kubectl get endpoints

![ef50a73076f048bdb5b7bec27bff2242.png][]

## 14、修改/更新（镜像、参数......） kubectl set ##

**例如：查看nginx的版本号：**

![e9969481fd2943999b192c00cb8b07b7.png][]

**需求：修改这个运行中的nginx的版本号**

> **\[root@master ~\]\# kubectl set image deployment/nginx nginx=nginx:1.11**

![900d053259994c31aed5f416840f9ec0.png][]

![5855cefdd23748988e2ec3666f45ced7.png][]

过程中，他会先下载新的镜像进行创建，启动后删除老版本的容器

![36b8e2a979cc497fb465dc4329e473a6.png][]

## 15、调整副本集的数量：kubectl scale ##

> \[root@master ~\]\# kubectl scale deployment nginx --replicas=5 -n default  
> deployment.apps/nginx scaled \#\# -n 指定namespace,本服务就创建在默认namespace中

![c30bb9f9123d4162957ddf177ab8c390.png][]

## 16、查看详细信息：kubectl describe ##

### 16.1、显示所有的nodes的详细信息：kubectl describe nodes ###

> \[root@master ~\]\# kubectl describe nodes

![95345fa0792744308eabac7246e923ae.png][]

### 16.2、查看某个node的详细信息 ###

> \[root@master ~\]\# kubectl describe nodes node01

Name:               node01
    Roles:              node
    Labels:             beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64
                        beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux
                        kubernetes.io/arch=amd64
                        kubernetes.io/hostname=node01
                        kubernetes.io/os=linux
                        node-role.kubernetes.io/node=node
    Annotations:        flannel.alpha.coreos.com/backend-data: {"VNI":1,"VtepMAC":"c2:b4:d2:1b:fa:c2"}
                        flannel.alpha.coreos.com/backend-type: vxlan
                        flannel.alpha.coreos.com/kube-subnet-manager: true
                        flannel.alpha.coreos.com/public-ip: 192.168.159.13
                        kubeadm.alpha.kubernetes.io/cri-socket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
                        node.alpha.kubernetes.io/ttl: 0
                        volumes.kubernetes.io/controller-managed-attach-detach: true
    CreationTimestamp:  Sat, 05 Nov 2022 09:26:33 +0800
    Taints:             <none>
    Unschedulable:      false
    Lease:
      HolderIdentity:  node01
      AcquireTime:     <unset>
      RenewTime:       Sat, 05 Nov 2022 17:10:49 +0800
    Conditions:
      Type                 Status  LastHeartbeatTime                 LastTransitionTime                Reason                       Message
      ----                 ------  -----------------                 ------------------                ------                       -------
      NetworkUnavailable   False   Sat, 05 Nov 2022 09:31:06 +0800   Sat, 05 Nov 2022 09:31:06 +0800   FlannelIsUp                  Flannel is running on this node
      MemoryPressure       False   Sat, 05 Nov 2022 17:07:16 +0800   Sat, 05 Nov 2022 09:26:33 +0800   KubeletHasSufficientMemory   kubelet has sufficient memory available
      DiskPressure         False   Sat, 05 Nov 2022 17:07:16 +0800   Sat, 05 Nov 2022 09:26:33 +0800   KubeletHasNoDiskPressure     kubelet has no disk pressure
      PIDPressure          False   Sat, 05 Nov 2022 17:07:16 +0800   Sat, 05 Nov 2022 09:26:33 +0800   KubeletHasSufficientPID      kubelet has sufficient PID available
      Ready                True    Sat, 05 Nov 2022 17:07:16 +0800   Sat, 05 Nov 2022 09:31:14 +0800   KubeletReady                 kubelet is posting ready status
    Addresses:
      InternalIP:  192.168.159.13
      Hostname:    node01
    Capacity:
      cpu:                2
      ephemeral-storage:  15349Mi
      hugepages-1Gi:      0
      hugepages-2Mi:      0
      memory:             3861508Ki
      pods:               110
    Allocatable:
      cpu:                2
      ephemeral-storage:  14485133698
      hugepages-1Gi:      0
      hugepages-2Mi:      0
      memory:             3759108Ki
      pods:               110
    System Info:
      Machine ID:                 737b63dadf104cdaa76db981253e1baa
      System UUID:                F0114D56-06E7-3FC5-4619-BAD443CE9F72
      Boot ID:                    ca48a336-8e26-4d35-bd9b-2f403926c2b5
      Kernel Version:             3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
      OS Image:                   CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
      Operating System:           linux
      Architecture:               amd64
      Container Runtime Version:  docker://20.10.21
      Kubelet Version:            v1.21.3
      Kube-Proxy Version:         v1.21.3
    PodCIDR:                      10.150.2.0/24
    PodCIDRs:                     10.150.2.0/24
    Non-terminated Pods:          (6 in total)
      Namespace                   Name                        CPU Requests  CPU Limits  Memory Requests  Memory Limits  Age
      ---------                   ----                        ------------  ----------  ---------------  -------------  ---
      default                     nginx-6fc77dcb7c-dq86p      0 (0%)        0 (0%)      0 (0%)           0 (0%)         45m
      default                     nginx-6fc77dcb7c-gv9qq      0 (0%)        0 (0%)      0 (0%)           0 (0%)         45m
      default                     nginx-6fc77dcb7c-hkcbb      0 (0%)        0 (0%)      0 (0%)           0 (0%)         49m
      kube-flannel                kube-flannel-ds-nj4vl       100m (5%)     100m (5%)   50Mi (1%)        50Mi (1%)      7h40m
      kube-system                 coredns-6f6b8cc4f6-lg6hc    100m (5%)     0 (0%)      70Mi (1%)        170Mi (4%)     7h46m
      kube-system                 kube-proxy-xd4lz            0 (0%)        0 (0%)      0 (0%)           0 (0%)         7h44m
    Allocated resources:
      (Total limits may be over 100 percent, i.e., overcommitted.)
      Resource           Requests    Limits
      --------           --------    ------
      cpu                200m (10%)  100m (5%)
      memory             120Mi (3%)  220Mi (5%)
      ephemeral-storage  0 (0%)      0 (0%)
      hugepages-1Gi      0 (0%)      0 (0%)
      hugepages-2Mi      0 (0%)      0 (0%)
    Events:              <none>

### 16.3、显示所有Pod的详细信息：kubectl describe pods ###

>     [root@master ~]# kubectl describe pods

![9bbecd0ab9cb46e0a69a78e84b12f3f7.png][]

### 16.4、显示一个pod的详细信息 ：kubectl describe deploy/nginx ###

>     [root@master ~]# kubectl describe deploy/nginx

[root@master ~]# kubectl describe deploy/nginx
    Name:                   nginx
    Namespace:              default
    CreationTimestamp:      Sat, 05 Nov 2022 16:06:47 +0800
    Labels:                 app=nginx
    Annotations:            deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: 3
    Selector:               app=nginx
    Replicas:               5 desired | 5 updated | 5 total | 5 available | 0 unavailable
    StrategyType:           RollingUpdate
    MinReadySeconds:        0
    RollingUpdateStrategy:  25% max unavailable, 25% max surge
    Pod Template:
      Labels:  app=nginx
      Containers:
       nginx:
        Image:        nginx:1.21
        Port:         80/TCP
        Host Port:    0/TCP
        Environment:  <none>
        Mounts:       <none>
      Volumes:        <none>
    Conditions:
      Type           Status  Reason
      ----           ------  ------
      Progressing    True    NewReplicaSetAvailable
      Available      True    MinimumReplicasAvailable
    OldReplicaSets:  <none>
    NewReplicaSet:   nginx-6fc77dcb7c (5/5 replicas created)
    Events:
      Type    Reason             Age                From                   Message
      ----    ------             ----               ----                   -------
      Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  56m                deployment-controller  Scaled up replica set nginx-6fc77dcb7c to 1
      Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  56m                deployment-controller  Scaled down replica set nginx-897f8f586 to 2
      Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  52m (x5 over 56m)  deployment-controller  (combined from similar events): Scaled up replica set nginx-6fc77dcb7c to 5

### 16.5、显示所有svc详细信息：kubectl describe svc ###

> \[root@master ~\]\# kubectl describe svc

[root@master ~]# kubectl describe svc
    Name:              kubernetes
    Namespace:         default
    Labels:            component=apiserver
                       provider=kubernetes
    Annotations:       <none>
    Selector:          <none>
    Type:              ClusterIP
    IP Family Policy:  SingleStack
    IP Families:       IPv4
    IP:                10.125.0.1
    IPs:               10.125.0.1
    Port:              https  443/TCP
    TargetPort:        6443/TCP
    Endpoints:         192.168.159.12:6443
    Session Affinity:  None
    Events:            <none>
    
    
    Name:                     nginx-service
    Namespace:                default
    Labels:                   app=nginx
    Annotations:              <none>
    Selector:                 app=nginx
    Type:                     NodePort
    IP Family Policy:         SingleStack
    IP Families:              IPv4
    IP:                       10.125.204.159
    IPs:                      10.125.204.159
    Port:                     <unset>  80/TCP
    TargetPort:               80/TCP
    NodePort:                 <unset>  30307/TCP
    Endpoints:                10.150.1.10:80,10.150.1.11:80,10.150.2.11:80 + 2 more...
    Session Affinity:         None
    External Traffic Policy:  Cluster
    Events:                   <none>

### 16.6、显示指定svc的详细信息：kubectl describe svc nginx-service ###

> \[root@master ~\]\# kubectl describe svc nginx-service

[root@master ~]# kubectl describe svc nginx-service
    Name:                     nginx-service
    Namespace:                default
    Labels:                   app=nginx
    Annotations:              <none>
    Selector:                 app=nginx
    Type:                     NodePort
    IP Family Policy:         SingleStack
    IP Families:              IPv4
    IP:                       10.125.204.159
    IPs:                      10.125.204.159
    Port:                     <unset>  80/TCP
    TargetPort:               80/TCP
    NodePort:                 <unset>  30307/TCP
    Endpoints:                10.150.1.10:80,10.150.1.11:80,10.150.2.11:80 + 2 more...
    Session Affinity:         None
    External Traffic Policy:  Cluster
    Events:                   <none>

### 16.7、显示所有namespace的详细信息：kubectl describe ns ###

> \[root@master ~\]\# kubectl describe ns

[root@master ~]# kubectl describe ns
    Name:         ceshi
    Labels:       kubernetes.io/metadata.name=ceshi
    Annotations:  <none>
    Status:       Active
    
    No resource quota.
    
    No LimitRange resource.
    
    
    Name:         default
    Labels:       kubernetes.io/metadata.name=default
    Annotations:  <none>
    Status:       Active
    
    No resource quota.
    
    No LimitRange resource.
    
    
    Name:         kube-flannel
    Labels:       kubernetes.io/metadata.name=kube-flannel
                  pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce=privileged
    Annotations:  <none>
    Status:       Active
    
    No resource quota.
    
    No LimitRange resource.
    
    
    Name:         kube-node-lease
    Labels:       kubernetes.io/metadata.name=kube-node-lease
    Annotations:  <none>
    Status:       Active
    
    No resource quota.
    
    No LimitRange resource.
    
    
    Name:         kube-public
    Labels:       kubernetes.io/metadata.name=kube-public
    Annotations:  <none>
    Status:       Active
    
    No resource quota.
    
    No LimitRange resource.
    
    
    Name:         kube-system
    Labels:       kubernetes.io/metadata.name=kube-system
    Annotations:  <none>
    Status:       Active
    
    No resource quota.
    
    No LimitRange resource.

### 16.8、显示指定namespace的详细信息：kubectl describe ns kube-public ###

> \[root@master ~\]\# kubectl describe ns kube-public

[root@master ~]# kubectl describe ns public
    Error from server (NotFound): namespaces "public" not found
    [root@master ~]# kubectl describe ns kube-public
    Name:         kube-public
    Labels:       kubernetes.io/metadata.name=kube-public
    Annotations:  <none>
    Status:       Active
    
    No resource quota.
    
    No LimitRange resource.

故障现象：节点3个node 1个master1、现在创建一个pod，发现结果是pod无法创建

kubectl describe po pod\_name-n namespaces

events:

调度器正常完成工作正常退出pod 创建失败，可能原因之一：资源现在问题

![9c2985e203ca4e79af14368a8bf7f3c0.png][]

[cropped-con999-32x32.png]: http://docs.kubernetes.org.cn/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/cropped-con999-32x32.png
[Kubernetes kubectl _ _ Kubernetes_K8S_Kubernetes_cropped-con999-32x32.png_http_docs.kubernetes.org.cn_683.html]: http://docs.kubernetes.org.cn/683.html
[842cccf28bc14ee5930d92ee3f201e9b.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/df0d17d83a0e4d3ba1171cd45f52f643.png
[06ee18044a254cc3902e0549050c67ef.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/320b757c5b4b478a95ca59601140939a.png
[b23514dd6c684ad5b8833c19f753c022.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/70c2cf409e8e4f4184980a16172b156a.png
[4c141164e4f342c5bb937b2ad102756e.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/2d790a8e1d9a43e0981687b720427d7c.png
[12b1c7c1b7b14e47bd82169632f5fe00.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/6f12289477f744ca9e3edcf29a4ae9d8.png
[5373726708f748ea8ee968ca3d0d3077.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/964aaee3c3954dc1a429577f7ea34927.png
[ffbe375357f94c89bba0651c14048145.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/55c0d6dfc46445e0b44c2a8c1c92463c.png
[e1398d07972c45bc916c08549dbbd188.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/ddd245d509c242de90003e885c978c57.png
[ef50a73076f048bdb5b7bec27bff2242.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/a508fd13047e455db22791232c209de6.png
[e9969481fd2943999b192c00cb8b07b7.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/38fe7ea9d0854123920755c24942d358.png
[900d053259994c31aed5f416840f9ec0.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/58bcc6815323455caffad95d87fbbc0f.png
[5855cefdd23748988e2ec3666f45ced7.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/7d3765c4d8274d97b6e87450f23fc2f5.png
[36b8e2a979cc497fb465dc4329e473a6.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/b889d5416b8b45ed96070f2c5d14c1b7.png
[c30bb9f9123d4162957ddf177ab8c390.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/2d3913fc8189415188641a0eef020f1f.png
[95345fa0792744308eabac7246e923ae.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/f2d9dd023e5242a1ba478cba869b9a06.png
[9bbecd0ab9cb46e0a69a78e84b12f3f7.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/80a2c15f96ee41f9b4c549f73f5a2538.png
[9c2985e203ca4e79af14368a8bf7f3c0.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/e647c36aa3d1457795679fdfd730a730.png