【Linux】Alibaba Cloud Linux 3 中第二硬盘、MySQL8.、MySQL7.、Redis、Nginx、Java 系统安装

小灰灰 2024-04-01 11:47 11阅读 0赞

### 一、操作系统说明 ###

兼容CentOS/RHEL生态，CentOS/RHEL中的大多数软件无需或仅需少量改造即可在Alibaba Cloud Linux中运行。

- Alibaba Cloud Linux 3基于Anolis OS 8打造，兼容CentOS 8、RHEL 8生态。
    
    - Alibaba Cloud Linux 2基于Aonlis OS 7打造，兼容CentOS 7、RHEL 7生态

**安装系统为：Alibaba Cloud Linux 3**

### 二、安装第二硬盘 ###

#### 1. 查看机器情况 ####

[root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# lsblk
    NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
    vda    253:0    0   40G  0 disk 
    └─vda1 253:1    0   40G  0 part /
    vdb    253:16   0  500G  0 disk

#### 2.硬盘分区 ####

使用fdisk分区

[root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# fdisk  vdb
    
    Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
    Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
    Be careful before using the write command.
    
    fdisk: cannot open vdb: No such file or directory
    [root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# fdisk  /dev/vdb
    
    Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
    Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
    Be careful before using the write command.
    
    Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
    Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x591cb8fe.
    
    Command (m for help): m
    
    Help:
    
      DOS (MBR)
       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit nested BSD disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
    
      Generic
       d   delete a partition
       F   list free unpartitioned space
       l   list known partition types
       n   add a new partition
       p   print the partition table
       t   change a partition type
       v   verify the partition table
       i   print information about a partition
    
      Misc
       m   print this menu
       u   change display/entry units
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    
      Script
       I   load disk layout from sfdisk script file
       O   dump disk layout to sfdisk script file
    
      Save & Exit
       w   write table to disk and exit
       q   quit without saving changes
    
      Create a new label
       g   create a new empty GPT partition table
       G   create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       s   create a new empty Sun partition table
    
    
    Command (m for help): n
    Partition type
       p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
       e   extended (container for logical partitions)
    Select (default p): p
    Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
    First sector (2048-1048575999, default 2048): 
    Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-1048575999, default 1048575999): 
    
    Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 500 GiB.
    
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered.
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.

#### 3. 格式化已经分好区的硬盘 ####

[root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# fdisk  -l
    Disk /dev/vda: 40 GiB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
    Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disklabel type: dos
    Disk identifier: 0x6f37da4d
    
    Device     Boot Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type
    /dev/vda1  *     2048 83886046 83883999  40G 83 Linux
    
    
    Disk /dev/vdb: 500 GiB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
    Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disklabel type: dos
    Disk identifier: 0x591cb8fe
    
    Device     Boot Start        End    Sectors  Size Id Type
    /dev/vdb1        2048 1048575999 1048573952  500G 83 Linux
    [root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vdb1
    mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
    Creating filesystem with 131071744 4k blocks and 32768000 inodes
    Filesystem UUID: 7cb056cd-3501-4bdb-89be-d41f8d526d2f
    Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
            32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
            4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 
            102400000
    
    Allocating group tables: done                            
    Writing inode tables: done                            
    Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

#### 4. 挂载到系统中 ####

[root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# mkdir /data
    [root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# ls
    [root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# vim /etc/fstab
    [root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# 
    
    /dev/vdb1                                 /data                   ext4    defaults        0 0

### 安装Redis ###

[root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# yum install -y redis-6.0.5
    Last metadata expiration check: 2:55:29 ago on Tue 20 Sep 2022 07:28:01 PM CST.
    Dependencies resolved.
    ===============================================================================================================================================================================
     Package                                  Architecture                        Version                                       Repository                                    Size
    ===============================================================================================================================================================================
    Installing:
     redis                                    x86_64                              6.0.5-1.11.al8                                alinux3-updates                              1.2 M
    Installing dependencies:
     daxctl-libs                              x86_64                              71.1-3.al8                                    alinux3-updates                               42 k
    
    Transaction Summary
    ===============================================================================================================================================================================
    Install  2 Packages
    
    Total download size: 1.3 M
    Installed size: 4.4 M
    Downloading Packages:
    (1/2): daxctl-libs-71.1-3.al8.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                       433 kB/s |  42 kB     00:00    
    (2/2): redis-6.0.5-1.11.al8.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                         2.7 MB/s | 1.2 MB     00:00    
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total                                                                                                                                          2.8 MB/s | 1.3 MB     00:00     
    Running transaction check
    Transaction check succeeded.
    Running transaction test
    Transaction test succeeded.
    Running transaction
      Preparing        :                                                                                                                                                       1/1 
      Installing       : daxctl-libs-71.1-3.al8.x86_64                                                                                                                         1/2 
      Running scriptlet: daxctl-libs-71.1-3.al8.x86_64                                                                                                                         1/2 
      Running scriptlet: redis-6.0.5-1.11.al8.x86_64                                                                                                                           2/2 
      Installing       : redis-6.0.5-1.11.al8.x86_64                                                                                                                           2/2 
      Running scriptlet: redis-6.0.5-1.11.al8.x86_64                                                                                                                           2/2 
      Verifying        : daxctl-libs-71.1-3.al8.x86_64                                                                                                                         1/2 
      Verifying        : redis-6.0.5-1.11.al8.x86_64                                                                                                                           2/2 
    
    Installed:
      daxctl-libs-71.1-3.al8.x86_64                                                           redis-6.0.5-1.11.al8.x86_64                                                          
    
    Complete!

[root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# systemctl start  redis
    [root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# ps -ef |grep  redis
    redis      16519       1  0 22:28 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/redis-server 127.0.0.1:6379
    root       16524    5124  0 22:28 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto redis

### 安装 Java ###

[root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# yum list installed |grep java
    [root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# yum -y list java*
    
    [root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD ~]# yum  install  -y java-1.8.0-alibaba-dragonwell.x86_64

### 安装 MySQL 8.0 ###

[**https://blog.csdn.net/zhouweijia777/article/details/126526034**][https_blog.csdn.net_zhouweijia777_article_details_126526034]

#### 1. 查找可MySQL版本 ####

yum -y list mysql*

Last metadata expiration check: 0:51:25 ago on Sun 02 Oct 2022 03:26:40 PM CST.
    Installed Packages
    mysql-community-client.x86_64                                          5.7.39-1.el7                                        @mysql57-community        
    mysql-community-common.x86_64                                          5.7.39-1.el7                                        @mysql57-community        
    mysql-community-libs.x86_64                                            5.7.39-1.el7                                        @mysql57-community        
    mysql-community-server.x86_64                                          5.7.39-1.el7                                        @mysql57-community        
    mysql57-community-release.noarch                                       el7-8                                               @System                   
    Available Packages
    MySQL-zrm.noarch                                                       3.0-23.el8                                          epel                      
    mysql.x86_64                                                           8.0.26-1.1.al8                                      alinux3-updates           
    mysql-common.x86_64                                                    8.0.26-1.1.al8                                      alinux3-updates           
    mysql-community-client.i686                                            5.7.39-1.el7                                        mysql57-community         
    mysql-community-common.i686                                            5.7.39-1.el7                                        mysql57-community         
    mysql-community-devel.i686                                             5.7.39-1.el7                                        mysql57-community         
    mysql-community-devel.x86_64                                           5.7.39-1.el7                                        mysql57-community         
    mysql-community-embedded.i686                                          5.7.39-1.el7                                        mysql57-community         
    mysql-community-embedded.x86_64                                        5.7.39-1.el7                                        mysql57-community         
    mysql-community-embedded-compat.i686                                   5.7.39-1.el7                                        mysql57-community         
    mysql-community-embedded-compat.x86_64                                 5.7.39-1.el7                                        mysql57-community         
    mysql-community-embedded-devel.i686                                    5.7.39-1.el7                                        mysql57-community         
    mysql-community-embedded-devel.x86_64                                  5.7.39-1.el7                                        mysql57-community         
    mysql-community-libs.i686                                              5.7.39-1.el7                                        mysql57-community         
    mysql-community-libs-compat.i686                                       5.7.39-1.el7                                        mysql57-community         
    mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64                                     5.7.39-1.el7                                        mysql57-community         
    mysql-community-release.noarch                                         el7-5                                               mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
    mysql-community-release.noarch                                         el7-5                                               mysql-toolQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD     
    mysql-community-test.x86_64                                            5.7.39-1.el7                                        mysql57-community         
    mysql-connector-c++.x86_64                                             8.0.30-1.el7                                        mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
    mysql-connector-c++-devel.x86_64                                       8.0.30-1.el7                                        mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
    mysql-connector-c++-jdbc.x86_64                                        8.0.30-1.el7                                        mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
    mysql-connector-java.noarch                                            1:8.0.30-1.el7                                      mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
    mysql-connector-odbc.x86_64                                            8.0.30-1.el7                                        mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
    mysql-connector-odbc-setup.x86_64                                      8.0.30-1.el7                                        mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
    mysql-connector-python.noarch                                          2.0.4-1.el7                                         mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
    mysql-connector-python.x86_64                                          8.0.23-1.el7                                        mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
    mysql-connector-python-cext.x86_64                                     8.0.21-1.el7                                        mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
    mysql-connector-python3.x86_64                                         8.0.30-1.el7                                        mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
    mysql-connector-python3-cext.x86_64                                    8.0.21-1.el7                                        mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD
    mysql-devel.x86_64                                                     8.0.26-1.1.al8                                      alinux3-updates           
    mysql-errmsg.x86_64                                                    8.0.26-1.1.al8                                      alinux3-updates           
    mysql-libs.x86_64                                                      8.0.26-1.1.al8                                      alinux3-updates           
    mysql-mmm.noarch                                                       2.2.1-25.el8                                        epel                      
    mysql-mmm-agent.noarch                                                 2.2.1-25.el8                                        epel                      
    mysql-mmm-monitor.noarch                                               2.2.1-25.el8                                        epel                      
    mysql-mmm-tools.noarch                                                 2.2.1-25.el8                                        epel                      
    mysql-ref-manual-5.5-en-html-chapter.noarch                            1-20170320                                          mysql57-community         
    mysql-ref-manual-5.5-en-pdf.noarch                                     1-20170320                                          mysql57-community         
    mysql-ref-manual-5.7-en-html-chapter.noarch                            1-20220613                                          mysql57-community         
    mysql-ref-manual-5.7-en-pdf.noarch                                     1-20220613                                          mysql57-community         
    mysql-router.x86_64                                                    8.0.12-1.el7                                        mysql-toolQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD     
    mysql-router-community.x86_64                                          8.0.30-1.el7                                        mysql-toolQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD     
    mysql-selinux.noarch                                                   1.0.5-1.al8                                         alinux3-updates           
    mysql-server.x86_64                                                    8.0.26-1.1.al8                                      alinux3-updates           
    mysql-shell.x86_64                                                     8.0.30-1.el7                                        mysql-toolQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD     
    mysql-test.x86_64                                                      8.0.26-1.1.al8                                      alinux3-updates           
    mysql-utilities.noarch                                                 1.6.5-1.el7                                         mysql-toolQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD     
    mysql-utilities-extra.noarch                                           1.5.6-1.el7                                         mysql-toolQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD     
    mysql-workbench-community.x86_64                                       8.0.22-1.el7                                        mysql-toolQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD     
    mysqltuner.noarch                                                      1.8.3-1.git.1333ea9.el8                             epel                      
    [root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD giteeMicroCommunityWeb]#

#### 2. 安装MySQL ####

yum  install -y  mysql-server.x86_64
    
    Last metadata expiration check: 1:34:25 ago on Wed 21 Sep 2022 06:42:39 AM CST.
    Dependencies resolved.
    =========================================================================================
     Package                         Arch      Version              Repository          Size
    =========================================================================================
    Installing:
     mysql-server                    x86_64    8.0.26-1.1.al8       alinux3-updates     28 M
    Installing dependencies:
     checkpolicy                     x86_64    2.9-1.2.al8          alinux3-os         348 k
     libaio                          x86_64    0.3.112-1.2.al8      alinux3-os          33 k
     mecab                           x86_64    0.996-1.2.al8.9      alinux3-os         387 k
     mysql                           x86_64    8.0.26-1.1.al8       alinux3-updates     13 M
     mysql-errmsg                    x86_64    8.0.26-1.1.al8       alinux3-updates    598 k
     policycoreutils-python-utils    noarch    2.9-14.1.al8         alinux3-updates    252 k
     protobuf-lite                   x86_64    3.5.0-13.1.al8       alinux3-os         154 k
     python3-audit                   x86_64    3.0.7-2.al8.2        alinux3-updates     86 k
     python3-libsemanage             x86_64    2.9-6.1.al8          alinux3-updates    127 k
     python3-policycoreutils         noarch    2.9-14.1.al8         alinux3-updates    2.2 M
     python3-setools                 x86_64    4.3.0-3.al8          alinux3-updates    651 k
    
    Transaction Summary
    =========================================================================================
    Install  12 Packages
    
    Total download size: 46 M
    Installed size: 209 M
    Downloading Packages:
    (1/12): libaio-0.3.112-1.2.al8.x86_64.rpm                346 kB/s |  33 kB     00:00    
    (2/12): checkpolicy-2.9-1.2.al8.x86_64.rpm               2.0 MB/s | 348 kB     00:00    
    (3/12): protobuf-lite-3.5.0-13.1.al8.x86_64.rpm          1.4 MB/s | 154 kB     00:00    
    (4/12): mysql-errmsg-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64.rpm           5.5 MB/s | 598 kB     00:00    
    (5/12): mecab-0.996-1.2.al8.9.x86_64.rpm                 889 kB/s | 387 kB     00:00    
    (6/12): mysql-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64.rpm                   36 MB/s |  13 MB     00:00    
    (7/12): python3-audit-3.0.7-2.al8.2.x86_64.rpm           1.2 MB/s |  86 kB     00:00    
    (8/12): policycoreutils-python-utils-2.9-14.1.al8.noarch 1.3 MB/s | 252 kB     00:00    
    (9/12): python3-libsemanage-2.9-6.1.al8.x86_64.rpm       2.3 MB/s | 127 kB     00:00    
    (10/12): python3-setools-4.3.0-3.al8.x86_64.rpm           14 MB/s | 651 kB     00:00    
    (11/12): mysql-server-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64.rpm           43 MB/s |  28 MB     00:00    
    (12/12): python3-policycoreutils-2.9-14.1.al8.noarch.rpm 3.3 MB/s | 2.2 MB     00:00    
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total                                                     36 MB/s |  46 MB     00:01     
    Running transaction check
    Transaction check succeeded.
    Running transaction test
    Transaction test succeeded.
    Running transaction
      Preparing        :                                                                 1/1 
      Installing       : python3-setools-4.3.0-3.al8.x86_64                             1/12 
      Installing       : python3-libsemanage-2.9-6.1.al8.x86_64                         2/12 
      Installing       : python3-audit-3.0.7-2.al8.2.x86_64                             3/12 
      Installing       : mysql-errmsg-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64                             4/12 
      Installing       : mysql-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64                                    5/12 
      Installing       : protobuf-lite-3.5.0-13.1.al8.x86_64                            6/12 
      Installing       : mecab-0.996-1.2.al8.9.x86_64                                   7/12 
      Running scriptlet: mecab-0.996-1.2.al8.9.x86_64                                   7/12 
      Installing       : libaio-0.3.112-1.2.al8.x86_64                                  8/12 
      Installing       : checkpolicy-2.9-1.2.al8.x86_64                                 9/12 
      Installing       : python3-policycoreutils-2.9-14.1.al8.noarch                   10/12 
      Installing       : policycoreutils-python-utils-2.9-14.1.al8.noarch              11/12 
      Running scriptlet: mysql-server-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64                            12/12 
      Installing       : mysql-server-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64                            12/12 
      Running scriptlet: mysql-server-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64                            12/12 
    
    
    ValueError: File context for /var/log/mysql(/.*)? already defined
    
      Running scriptlet: mysql-server-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64                                                       12/12 
      Verifying        : checkpolicy-2.9-1.2.al8.x86_64                                                            1/12 
      Verifying        : libaio-0.3.112-1.2.al8.x86_64                                                             2/12 
      Verifying        : mecab-0.996-1.2.al8.9.x86_64                                                              3/12 
      Verifying        : protobuf-lite-3.5.0-13.1.al8.x86_64                                                       4/12 
      Verifying        : mysql-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64                                                               5/12 
      Verifying        : mysql-errmsg-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64                                                        6/12 
      Verifying        : mysql-server-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64                                                        7/12 
      Verifying        : policycoreutils-python-utils-2.9-14.1.al8.noarch                                          8/12 
      Verifying        : python3-audit-3.0.7-2.al8.2.x86_64                                                        9/12 
      Verifying        : python3-libsemanage-2.9-6.1.al8.x86_64                                                   10/12 
      Verifying        : python3-policycoreutils-2.9-14.1.al8.noarch                                              11/12 
      Verifying        : python3-setools-4.3.0-3.al8.x86_64                                                       12/12 
    
    Installed:
      checkpolicy-2.9-1.2.al8.x86_64                                libaio-0.3.112-1.2.al8.x86_64                      
      mecab-0.996-1.2.al8.9.x86_64                                  mysql-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64                        
      mysql-errmsg-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64                            mysql-server-8.0.26-1.1.al8.x86_64                 
      policycoreutils-python-utils-2.9-14.1.al8.noarch              protobuf-lite-3.5.0-13.1.al8.x86_64                
      python3-audit-3.0.7-2.al8.2.x86_64                            python3-libsemanage-2.9-6.1.al8.x86_64             
      python3-policycoreutils-2.9-14.1.al8.noarch                   python3-setools-4.3.0-3.al8.x86_64                 
    
    Complete!

#### 3. 启动MySQL ####

systemctl enable --now mysqld
    
    #设置自动启动MySQL
    systemctl enable mysqld
    
    #启动MySQL 
    systemctl start  mysqld

### 安装MySql 5.7 ###

#### 1. 官网：[http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/][http_dev.mysql.com_downloads_repo_yum] ####

[root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD data]# rpm -Uvh http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
    Retrieving http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
    warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.jTMWaN: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
    Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
    Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
    Updating / installing...
       1:mysql57-community-release-el7-8  ################################# [100%]

#### 2. 查看5.7版本是否已经启用 ####

[root@Q!XtcaykhuMd62GD data]# yum repolist all | grep mysql
    mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD        MySQL Connectors Community            enabled
    mysql-connectorQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD-source MySQL Connectors Community - Source   disabled
    mysql-toolQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD             MySQL Tools Community                 enabled
    mysql-toolQ!XtcaykhuMd62GD-source      MySQL Tools Community - Source        disabled
    mysql-tools-preview               MySQL Tools Preview                   disabled
    mysql-tools-preview-source        MySQL Tools Preview - Source          disabled
    mysql55-community                 MySQL 5.5 Community Server            disabled
    mysql55-community-source          MySQL 5.5 Community Server - Source   disabled
    mysql56-community                 MySQL 5.6 Community Server            disabled
    mysql56-community-source          MySQL 5.6 Community Server - Source   disabled
    mysql57-community                 MySQL 5.7 Community Server            enabled
    mysql57-community-source          MySQL 5.7 Community Server - Source   disabled

#### 3. 安装MySQL ####

yum -y install mysql-community-server --nogpgcheck

#### 4. 修改配置文件 /etc/my.cnf ####

根据配置文件修改相应的文件和目录

# For advice on how to change settings please see
    # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
    
    [mysqld]
    #
    # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
    # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
    # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
    #
    # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
    # changes to the binary log between backups.
    # log_bin
    #
    # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
    # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
    # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
    # join_buffer_size = 128M
    # sort_buffer_size = 2M
    # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
    #datadir=/var/lib/mysql
    #socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
    
    # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
    #symbolic-links=0
    
    #log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
    #pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
    
    # MySql5.7配置文件my.ini设置
    [client]
    port = 3306
    socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
     
    [mysqld]
    ###############################基础设置#####################################
    #Mysql服务的唯一编号 每个mysql服务Id需唯一
    server-id = 1
     
    #服务端口号 默认3306
    port = 3306
     
    #mysql安装根目录
    #basedir = /opt/mysql
     
    #mysql数据文件所在位置
    datadir = /data/mysql
     
    #临时目录 比如load data infile会用到
    tmpdir  = /tmp
     
    #设置socke文件所在目录
    socket  = /tmp/mysql.sock
     
    #主要用于MyISAM存储引擎,如果多台服务器连接一个数据库则建议注释下面内容
    skip-external-locking
     
    #只能用IP地址检查客户端的登录，不用主机名
    skip_name_resolve = 1
    #数据库默认字符集,主流字符集支持一些特殊表情符号（特殊表情符占用4个字节）
    character-set-server = utf8mb4
     
    #数据库字符集对应一些排序等规则，注意要和character-set-server对应
    collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci
     
    #设置client连接mysql时的字符集,防止乱码
    init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
     
    #是否对sql语句大小写敏感，1表示不敏感
    lower_case_table_names = 1
     
    #最大连接数
    max_connections = 400
    #最大错误连接数
    max_connect_errors = 1000
     
    #TIMESTAMP如果没有显示声明NOT NULL，允许NULL值
    explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
     
    #SQL数据包发送的大小，如果有BLOB对象建议修改成1G
    max_allowed_packet = 128M
     
    #MySQL连接闲置超过一定时间后(单位：秒)将会被强行关闭
    #MySQL默认的wait_timeout  值为8个小时, interactive_timeout参数需要同时配置才能生效
    interactive_timeout = 1800
    wait_timeout = 1800
     
    #内部内存临时表的最大值 ，设置成128M。
    #比如大数据量的group by ,order by时可能用到临时表，
    #超过了这个值将写入磁盘，系统IO压力增大
    tmp_table_size = 134217728
    max_heap_table_size = 134217728
    
    
     
    ##----------------------------用户进程分配到的内存设置BEGIN-----------------------------##
    ##每个session将会分配参数设置的内存大小
    #用于表的顺序扫描，读出的数据暂存于read_buffer_size中，当buff满时或读完，将数据返回上层调用者
    #一般在128kb ~ 256kb,用于MyISAM
    #read_buffer_size = 131072
    #用于表的随机读取，当按照一个非索引字段排序读取时会用到，
    #一般在128kb ~ 256kb,用于MyISAM
    #read_rnd_buffer_size = 262144
    #order by或group by时用到
    #建议先调整为2M，后期观察调整
    sort_buffer_size = 2097152
    #一般数据库中没什么大的事务，设成1~2M，默认32kb
    binlog_cache_size = 524288
     
    ############################日  志 设置##########################################
    #数据库错误日志文件
    log_error = /data/mysql/error.log
     
    #慢查询sql日志设置
    slow_query_log = 1
    slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/slow.log
    #检查未使用到索引的sql
    log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1
    #针对log_queries_not_using_indexes开启后，记录慢sql的频次、每分钟记录的条数
    log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 5
    #作为从库时生效,从库复制中如何有慢sql也将被记录
    log_slow_slave_statements = 1
    #慢查询执行的秒数，必须达到此值可被记录
    long_query_time = 2
    #检索的行数必须达到此值才可被记为慢查询
    min_examined_row_limit = 100
     
    #mysql binlog日志文件保存的过期时间，过期后自动删除
    expire_logs_days = 5
     
    ############################主从复制 设置########################################
    #开启mysql binlog功能
    log-bin=mysql-bin
    #binlog记录内容的方式，记录被操作的每一行
    binlog_format = ROW
    
    #作为从库时生效,想进行级联复制，则需要此参数
    log_slave_updates
     
    #作为从库时生效,中继日志relay-log可以自我修复
    relay_log_recovery = 1
     
    #作为从库时生效,主从复制时忽略的错误
    slave_skip_errors = ddl_exist_errors
     
    ##---redo log和binlog的关系设置BEGIN---##
    #(步骤1) prepare dml相关的SQL操作，然后将redo log buff中的缓存持久化到磁盘
    #(步骤2)如果前面prepare成功，那么再继续将事务日志持久化到binlog
    #(步骤3)如果前面成功，那么在redo log里面写上一个commit记录
    #当innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit和sync_binlog都为1时是最安全的，
    #在mysqld服务崩溃或者服务器主机crash的情况下，binary log只有可能丢失最多一个语句或者一个事务。
    #但是都设置为1时会导致频繁的io操作，因此该模式也是最慢的一种方式。
    #当innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit设置为0，mysqld进程的崩溃会导致上一秒钟所有事务数据的丢失。
    #当innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit设置为2，只有在操作系统崩溃或者系统掉电的情况下，上一秒钟所有事务数据才可能丢失。
    #commit事务时,控制redo log buff持久化磁盘的模式 默认为1
    innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
    #commit事务时,控制写入mysql binlog日志的模式 默认为 0
    #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit和sync_binlog都为1时，mysql最为安全但性能上压力也是最大
    sync_binlog = 1
    ##---redo log 和 binlog的关系设置END---##
     
    ############################Innodb设置##########################################
    #数据块的单位8k，默认是16k，16kCPU压力稍小，8k对select的吞吐量大
    #innodb_page_size的参数值也影响最大索引长度，8k比16k的最大索引长度小
    #innodb_page_size = 8192
    #一般设置物理存储的60% ~ 70%
    innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G
     
    #5.7.6之后默认16M
    #innodb_log_buffer_size = 16777216
    #该参数针对unix、linux，window上直接注释该参数.默认值为NULL
    #O_DIRECT减少操作系统级别VFS的缓存和Innodb本身的buffer缓存之间的冲突
    innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
     
    #此格式支持压缩, 5.7.7之后为默认值
    innodb_file_format = Barracuda
     
    #CPU多核处理能力设置，假设CPU是2颗4核的，设置如下
    #读多，写少可以设成2:6的比例
    innodb_write_io_threads = 4
    innodb_read_io_threads = 4
     
    #提高刷新脏页数量和合并插入数量，改善磁盘I/O处理能力
    #默认值200（单位：页）
    #可根据磁盘近期的IOPS确定该值
    innodb_io_capacity = 500
     
    #为了获取被锁定的资源最大等待时间，默认50秒，超过该时间会报如下错误:
    # ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction
    innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 30
     
    #调整buffer pool中最近使用的页读取并dump的百分比,通过设置该参数可以减少转储的page数
    innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct = 40
    
    #设置redoLog文件所在目录, redoLog记录事务具体操作内容
    innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/
     
    #设置undoLog文件所在目录, undoLog用于事务回滚操作
    innodb_undo_directory = /data/mysql/
     
    #在innodb_log_group_home_dir中的redoLog文件数, redoLog文件内容是循环覆盖写入。
    innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
     
    #MySql5.7官方建议尽量设置的大些，可以接近innodb_buffer_pool_size的大小
    #之前设置该值较大时可能导致mysql宕机恢复时间过长，现在恢复已经加快很多了
    #该值减少脏数据刷新到磁盘的频次
    #最大值innodb_log_file_size * innodb_log_files_in_group <= 512GB,单文件<=256GB
    innodb_log_file_size = 1024M
     
    #设置undoLog文件所占空间可以回收
    #5.7之前的MySql的undoLog文件一直增大无法回收
    innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1
    innodb_undo_tablespaces = 3
    innodb_undo_logs = 128
     
    #5.7.7默认开启该参数 控制单列索引长度最大达到3072
    #innodb_large_prefix = 1
     
    #5.7.8默认为4个, Inodb后台清理工作的线程数
    #innodb_purge_threads = 4
     
    innodb_file_per_table=1
    
    #通过设置配置参数innodb_thread_concurrency来限制并发线程的数量，
    #一旦执行线程的数量达到这个限制，额外的线程在被放置到对队列中之前，会睡眠数微秒，
    #可以通过设定参数innodb_thread_sleep_delay来配置睡眠时间
    #该值默认为0,在官方doc上，对于innodb_thread_concurrency的使用，也给出了一些建议:
    #(1)如果一个工作负载中，并发用户线程的数量小于64，建议设置innodb_thread_concurrency=0；
    #(2)如果工作负载一直较为严重甚至偶尔达到顶峰，建议先设置innodb_thread_concurrency=128,
    ###并通过不断的降低这个参数，96, 80, 64等等，直到发现能够提供最佳性能的线程数
    #innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
    ############################其他内容 设置##########################################
    
    #屏蔽ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY 否则报错
    
    #sql_mode=ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
    sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
    
    
    [mysqldump]
    quick
    max_allowed_packet = 128M
    [mysql]
    no-auto-rehash
    [myisamchk]
    key_buffer_size = 20M
    sort_buffer_size = 256k
    read_buffer = 2M
    write_buffer = 2M
    [mysqlhotcopy]
    interactive-timeout
    [mysqld_safe]
    #增加每个进程的可打开文件数量.
    open-files-limit = 28192

#### 5. 启动MySQL ####

#启动MySQL
    systemctl start mysqld
    
    #自动启动MySQL
    systemctl enable mysqld

#### 6.设置密码 ####

grep "temporary password"  /data/mysql/error.log

SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('你的新密码');
    
    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'myuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypassword'

### SSH 端口号修改 ###

#### 1. 修改配置文件 ####

vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

#### 2、重启ssh： ####

systemctl restart sshd

#### 3、查看ssh端口 ####

netstat -ntlp

### 安装 Nginx ###

####  ####

#### 1. 查看Nginx是否配置成功 ####

#yum list nginx
    
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
    
     * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
     * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
     * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
    nginx                              | 2.9 kB     00:00     
    nginx/primary_db                   |  36 kB     00:00     
    Available Packages
    nginx.x86_64                        1.14.0-1.el6.ngx                                                                nginx

#yum list |grep nginx

[root@MiWiFi-R1D yum.repos.d]# yum list |grep nginx
    nginx.x86_64                               1.14.0-1.el6.ngx              nginx  
    nginx-debug.x86_64                         1.8.0-1.el6.ngx               nginx  
    nginx-debuginfo.x86_64                     1.14.0-1.el6.ngx              nginx  
    nginx-module-geoip.x86_64                  1.14.0-1.el6.ngx              nginx  
    nginx-module-geoip-debuginfo.x86_64        1.14.0-1.el6.ngx              nginx  
    nginx-module-image-filter.x86_64           1.14.0-1.el6.ngx              nginx  
    nginx-module-image-filter-debuginfo.x86_64 1.14.0-1.el6.ngx              nginx  
    nginx-module-njs.x86_64                    1.14.0.0.2.0-1.el6.ngx        nginx  
    nginx-module-njs-debuginfo.x86_64          1.14.0.0.2.0-1.el6.ngx        nginx  
    nginx-module-perl.x86_64                   1.14.0-1.el6.ngx              nginx  
    nginx-module-perl-debuginfo.x86_64         1.14.0-1.el6.ngx              nginx  
    nginx-module-xslt.x86_64                   1.14.0-1.el6.ngx              nginx  
    nginx-module-xslt-debuginfo.x86_64         1.14.0-1.el6.ngx              nginx  
    nginx-nr-agent.noarch                      2.0.0-12.el6.ngx              nginx  
    pcp-pmda-nginx.x86_64                      3.10.9-9.el6                  base

#### 2. 安装 ####

直接安装nginx

#yum -y install nginx

#### 3. 开机启动设置 ####

#systemctl enable nginx
    #systemctl daemon-reload

#### 4.添加www用户 ####

#adduser  www 
    #passwd   www
    [root@MiWiFi-R1D nginx]# passwd www
    Changing password for user www.
    New password: 
    Retype new password: 
    passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

#### 5. 修改Nginx用户为www ####

vim  /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
    
    
    # For more information on configuration, see:
    #   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
    #   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
    
    user www;
    worker_processes auto;
    error_log /data/www/logs/error.log;
    pid /run/nginx.pid;
    
    # Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
    include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
    
    events {
        worker_connections 1024;
    }
    
    http {
        log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                          '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                          '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    
        access_log  /data/www/logs/access.log  main;
    
        sendfile            on;
        tcp_nopush          on;
        tcp_nodelay         on;
        keepalive_timeout   65;
        types_hash_max_size 4096;
    
        include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
        default_type        application/octet-stream;
    
    
        fastcgi_intercept_errors on;	
    
    
        #Gzip Compression
        gzip on;
        gzip_buffers 16 8k;
        gzip_comp_level 6;
        gzip_http_version 1.1;
        gzip_min_length 256;
        gzip_proxied any;
        gzip_vary on;
        gzip_types
            text/xml application/xml application/atom+xml application/rss+xml application/xhtml+xml image/svg+xml
            text/javascript application/javascript application/x-javascript
            text/x-json application/json application/x-web-app-manifest+json
            text/css text/plain text/x-component
            font/opentype application/x-font-ttf application/vnd.ms-fontobject
            image/x-icon;
        gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.(?!.*SV1)";
    
        # disable IP access to the web.
        # server {   
        #     listen 80 default; 
        #     server_name _;
        #     return 500;  
        # } 
    
    
    
    
    
        # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
        # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
        # for more information.
        include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    
        server {
            listen       80;
            listen       [::]:80;
            server_name  _;
            root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
    
            # Load configuration files for the default server block.
            include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
    
            error_page 404 /404.html;
                location = /40x.html {
            }
    
            error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
                location = /50x.html {
            }
        }
    
    # Settings for a TLS enabled server.
    #
    #    server {
    #        listen       443 ssl http2;
    #        listen       [::]:443 ssl http2;
    #        server_name  _;
    #        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
    #
    #        ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";
    #        ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";
    #        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
    #        ssl_session_timeout  10m;
    #        ssl_ciphers PROFILE=SYSTEM;
    #        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
    #
    #        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
    #        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
    #
    #        error_page 404 /404.html;
    #            location = /40x.html {
    #        }
    #
    #        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    #            location = /50x.html {
    #        }
    #    }
    
    }

#### 6.修改相应的Nginx目录权限 ####

cd  /var/cache/nginx
    chown www.root  -R  *

#### 7.新启动Nginx ####

systemctl stop nginx 
    systemctl restart nginx

[https_blog.csdn.net_zhouweijia777_article_details_126526034]: https://blog.csdn.net/zhouweijia777/article/details/126526034
[http_dev.mysql.com_downloads_repo_yum]: http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/