微信获取accessToken及自定义公众号菜单

喜欢ヅ旅行 2024-04-03 13:20 116阅读 0赞

## 微信获取accessToken及自定义公众号菜单 ##

### 1 微信获取accessToken ###

#### 1.1 accessToken介绍及接口文档 ####

> access\_token是公众号的全局唯一接口调用凭据，公众号调用各接口时都需使用access\_token。开发者需要进行妥善保存。access\_token的存储至少要保留512个字符空间。access\_token的有效期目前为2个小时，需定时刷新，重复获取将导致上次获取的access\_token失效。

详细介绍：https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Basic\_Information/Get\_access\_token.html

![在这里插入图片描述][0b48a2a365a1426f9567c47af25b3d33.png]

#### 1.2 获取accessToken ####

##### ①创建AccessToken类 #####

@Data
    @NoArgsConstructor
    @AllArgsConstructor
    public class AccessToken {
        
    
        private String access_token;
    
        //过期时间【此处的过期时间我求的是时间戳为多少的时候过期，而不是一个时间段】
        private long expires_time;
    
        public AccessToken(String access_token, Integer expires_in){
        
            this.access_token = access_token;
            expires_time = System.currentTimeMillis() + expires_in * 1000;
        }
    
        public boolean isExpire(){
        
            return System.currentTimeMillis() > expires_time;
        }
    }

##### ②创建配置类，读取application.properties的appId与secret #####

@Configuration
    @Data
    @NoArgsConstructor
    @AllArgsConstructor
    public class WxConfig {
        
        @Value("${wx.appId}")
        public String appId;
    
        @Value("${wx.secret}")
        public String secret;
    
    }

我们测试账号的appID与secret在:  
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandboxinfo?action=showinfo&t=sandbox/index  
![在这里插入图片描述][ded26565854d4326b6faf8053aae4e32.png]  
测试账号申请参考：https://editor.csdn.net/md/?articleId=127282111

##### ③获取accessToken #####

报文发送，我采用okHttp

<dependency>
        <groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId>
        <artifactId>okhttp</artifactId>
        <version>3.8.0</version>
    </dependency>

service：

@Service
    public class WxService {
        
    
    	//注入appId与secret
    	@Autowired
    	private WxConfig wxConfig;
    	
    	//请求微信地址【get方式】
    	private String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET";
    	
    	/**
    	 * 获取accessToken
    	 *
    	 * @return
    	 */
    	public AccessToken getAccessToken() {
        
    	    String APPID = wxConfig.getAppId();
    	    String SECRET = wxConfig.getSecret();
    	    //拼接url【传入appId和secret】
    	    url = url.replace("APPID", APPID).replace("APPSECRET", SECRET);
    	    OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
    	    //构建请求
    	    Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).build();
    	    Call call = client.newCall(request);
    	    Response response = null;
    	    try {
        
    	        //获取响应体
    	        response = call.execute();
    	        //{"access_token":"ACCESS_TOKEN","expires_in":7200} 返回体类型
    	        if (response != null) {
        
    	            ResponseBody body = response.body();
    	            String bodyStr = body.string();
    	            JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(bodyStr);
    	            //获取过期时间
    	            String access_token = (String) jsonObject.get("access_token");
    	            Integer expires_in = (Integer) jsonObject.get("expires_in");
    	            AccessToken accessToken = new AccessToken(access_token, expires_in);
    	            return accessToken;
    	        }
    	    } catch (IOException e) {
        
    	        e.printStackTrace();
    	    }
    	    return null;
    	}
    
    }

### 2 自定义公众号菜单 ###

官方文档：  
https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Custom\_Menus/Creating\_Custom-Defined\_Menu.html

![在这里插入图片描述][92de2a70e9674f8b8ce613c7753aa2c7.png]  
请求示例：

{
        
         "button":[
         {
        	
              "type":"click",
              "name":"今日歌曲",
              "key":"V1001_TODAY_MUSIC"
          },
          {
        
               "name":"菜单",
               "sub_button":[
               {
        	
                   "type":"view",
                   "name":"搜索",
                   "url":"http://www.soso.com/"
                },
                {
        
                     "type":"miniprogram",
                     "name":"wxa",
                     "url":"http://mp.weixin.qq.com",
                     "appid":"wx286b93c14bbf93aa",
                     "pagepath":"pages/lunar/index"
                 },
                {
        
                   "type":"click",
                   "name":"赞一下我们",
                   "key":"V1001_GOOD"
                }]
           }]
     }

##### ①导入依赖 #####

<dependency>
         <groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId>
         <artifactId>okhttp</artifactId>
         <version>3.8.0</version>
     </dependency>
     
     <dependency>
         <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
         <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
         <version>1.2.83</version>
     </dependency>
     
     <dependency>
         <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
         <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
         <version>1.18.24</version>
     </dependency>

##### ②基础类创建【准备拼接返回json】 #####

AbstractButton :

@Data
    @NoArgsConstructor
    public abstract class AbstractButton {
        
        private String name;
        public AbstractButton(String name){
        
            this.name = name;
        }
    }

BaseButton :

@Data
    public class BaseButton {
        
    
        @JSONField(name = "button")
        private List<AbstractButton> buttonList = new ArrayList<>();
    }

ClickButton :

@Data
    @NoArgsConstructor
    public class ClickButton extends AbstractButton{
        
        private String type = "click";
        private String key;
    
        public ClickButton(String name){
        
            super(name);
        }
    }

SubButton :

@Data
    @NoArgsConstructor
    public class SubButton extends AbstractButton{
        
    
        @JSONField(name = "sub_button")
        private List<AbstractButton> buttonList = new ArrayList<>();
    
        public SubButton(String name){
        
            super(name);
        }
    }

ViewButton :

@Data
    @NoArgsConstructor
    public class ViewButton extends AbstractButton{
        
        private String type = "view";
        private String url;
    
        public ViewButton(String name){
        
            super(name);
        }
    }

> 其他按钮参考该模式实现

##### ③service实现 #####

@Service
    public class WxService {
        
    	//自定义菜单【post方式】
        private String url_post = " https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/menu/create?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";
    
        public static final MediaType TYPE_JSON = MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8");
    
    	/**
         * 测试自定义菜单
         */
        public String testButtonBySelf(){
        
            //创建菜单对象
            BaseButton baseButton = new BaseButton();
            //第一部分一级菜单：创建clickButton
            ClickButton clickButton = new ClickButton("点击有惊喜");
            clickButton.setKey("click1001");
            //第二部分一级菜单：创建子菜单
            SubButton subButton = new SubButton("菜单");
            //创建子菜单中的viewButton
            ViewButton subViewButton = new ViewButton("百度一下");
            subViewButton.setUrl("https://www.baidu.com/");
            ClickButton subClickButton = new ClickButton("子菜单下的点击");
            subClickButton.setKey("subButtonClick1002");
            //将子菜单中的button添加到子菜单中
            List<AbstractButton> subButtonList = subButton.getButtonList();
            subButtonList.add(subViewButton);
            subButtonList.add(subClickButton);
            //第三部分一级菜单：创建viewButton
            ViewButton viewButton = new ViewButton("网易新闻");
            viewButton.setUrl("https://www.163.com/");
            //拼接button
            List<AbstractButton> baseButtonList = baseButton.getButtonList();
            baseButtonList.add(clickButton);
            baseButtonList.add(subButton);
            baseButtonList.add(viewButton);
    
            String jsonStr = JSONObject.toJSONString(baseButton);
            //发送POST请求
            OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
            //请求体
            RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(TYPE_JSON, jsonStr);
            System.out.println("jsonStr========>" + jsonStr);
            //添加accessToken
            AccessToken accessToken = getAccessToken();
            String access_token = accessToken.getAccess_token();
            url_post = url_post.replaceAll("ACCESS_TOKEN", access_token);
            Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url_post).post(body).build();
            try {
        
                String responseStr = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute().body().string();
                System.out.println(responseStr);
                return responseStr;
            } catch (IOException e) {
        
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return "";
        }
    }

##### ④controller调用 #####

@RestController
    public class WxController {
        
    
        @Autowired
        private WxService wxService;
    
        @GetMapping("/testButton")
        public String testButton(){
        
            String s = wxService.testButtonBySelf();
            return s;
        }
    }

##### ⑤测试 #####

控制台打印：

jsonStr========>{
        "button":[{
        "key":"click1001","name":"点击有惊喜","type":"click"},{
        "name":"菜单","sub_button":[{
        "name":"百度一下","type":"view","url":"https://www.baidu.com/"},{
        "key":"subButtonClick1002","name":"子菜单下的点击","type":"click"}]},{
        "name":"网易新闻","type":"view","url":"https://www.163.com/"}]}
    {
        "errcode":0,"errmsg":"ok"}

测试号：  
![在这里插入图片描述][a282f07aacee482cb7cb889533eb8a8d.png]

点击百度一下：  
![在这里插入图片描述][c389ec5aa7714ca99a01c0e83086425d.png]

[0b48a2a365a1426f9567c47af25b3d33.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/03/2ad83171eb3c48c0ac50d17c9c1ae2d3.png
[ded26565854d4326b6faf8053aae4e32.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/03/7fe09624d2874d5e9d1d108e94a7fc9e.png
[92de2a70e9674f8b8ce613c7753aa2c7.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/03/81d3d91d4792478eab9db4a14409a7ec.png
[a282f07aacee482cb7cb889533eb8a8d.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/03/40782c760e2b46b787e94f526bc6f4d3.png
[c389ec5aa7714ca99a01c0e83086425d.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/03/c2539e049dc448118d3306449146cdb8.png