GO_函数_面向对象编程_接口

我就是我 2024-04-07 15:18 68阅读 0赞

## 封装数据和行为 ##

### 结构体定义 ###

type Employee struct {
        
    Id string
    Name string
    Age int
    }

### 实例创建及初始化 ###

e := Employee{
        "0", "Bob", 20}
    e1 := Employee{
        Name: "Mike", Age: 30}
    e2 := new(Employee) //注意这里返回的引⽤用/指针，相当于 e := &Employee{}
    e2.Id = “2" //与其他主要编程语言的差异：通过实例例的指针访问成员不需要使用->
    e2.Age = 22
    e2.Name = “Rose"

### 行为（方法）定义 ###

与其他主要编程语言的差异  
![在这里插入图片描述][0fbc54fd796448c599df21e1cadcf74a.png]  
Demo:

package objectStruct
    
    import (
    	"fmt"
    	"testing"
    	"unsafe"
    )
    
    type Employee struct {
        
    	Id string
    	Name string
    	Age int
    }
    
    func (e *Employee) String() string {
        
    	fmt.Printf("Adress is %x", unsafe.Pointer(&e.Name))
    	return fmt.Sprintf("ID:%s/Name:%s/Age:%d", e.Id, e.Name, e.Age)
    }
    
    //func (e Employee) String() string {
        
    //	fmt.Printf("Address is %x\n", unsafe.Pointer(&e.Name))
    //	return fmt.Sprintf("ID:%s-Name:%s-Age:%d", e.Id, e.Name, e.Age)
    //}
    
    func TestCreateEmployeeObject(t *testing.T) {
        
    	e := Employee{
        "11", "liSi", 26}
    	e1 := Employee{
        Name: "wangWu", Age: 21}
    	e2:= new(Employee) // 返回指针
    	e2.Id = "3"
    	e2.Age = 25
    	e2.Name = "yuio"
    	t.Log(e)
    	t.Log(e1)
    	t.Log(e1.Id)
    	t.Log(e2)
    	t.Logf("e is #{e}")
    	t.Logf("e2 is #{e2}")
    	/*func (e *Employee) String() string {
    		fmt.Printf("Adress is %x", unsafe.Pointer(&e.Name))
    		return fmt.Sprintf("ID:%s/Name:%s/Age:%d", e.Id, e.Name, e.Age)
    	}*/
    	/** result
    	=== RUN   TestCreateEmployeeObject
    	    struct_test.go:32: {11 liSi 26}
    	    struct_test.go:33: { wangWu 21}
    	    struct_test.go:34:
    	Adress is c00012a400    struct_test.go:35: ID:3/Name:yuio/Age:25
    	    struct_test.go:36: e is #{e}
    	    struct_test.go:37: e2 is #{e2}
    	--- PASS: TestCreateEmployeeObject (0.00s)
    	PASS
    	PASS
    	 */
    
    	/*func (e Employee) String() string {
    		fmt.Printf("Address is %x\n", unsafe.Pointer(&e.Name))
    		return fmt.Sprintf("ID:%s-Name:%s-Age:%d", e.Id, e.Name, e.Age)
    	}*/
    	/** result
    	=== RUN   TestCreateEmployeeObject
    	Address is c0000787f0
    	    struct_test.go:32: ID:11-Name:liSi-Age:26
    	Address is c0000788b0
    	    struct_test.go:33: ID:-Name:wangWu-Age:21
    	    struct_test.go:34:
    	Address is c0000788e0
    	    struct_test.go:35: ID:3-Name:yuio-Age:25
    	    struct_test.go:36: e is #{e}
    	    struct_test.go:37: e2 is #{e2}
    	--- PASS: TestCreateEmployeeObject (0.00s)
    	PASS
    	 */
    }
    
    func TestStructOperations(t *testing.T) {
        
    	e := Employee{
        "0", "yuio", 26}
    	fmt.Printf("Address is %x\n", unsafe.Pointer(&e.Name))
    	t.Log(e.String())
    	/**
    	=== RUN   TestStructOperations
    	Address is c00012a400
    	Adress is c00012a400    struct_test.go:78: ID:0/Name:yuio/Age:26
    	--- PASS: TestStructOperations (0.00s)
    	PASS
    	 */
    }

## 接口 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][a4efd60e9d3b49fd8e6b0004d188fe77.png]

### Go 接口 ###

与其他主要编程语⾔言的差异

1.  接口为非入侵性，实现不依赖于借口定义
2.  所以接口的定义可以包含在接口使用者包内

### 接口变量 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][595acf75e35d4c068b1f89c80bad296f.png]

package _interface
    
    import "testing"
    
    // 定义一个interface
    type Programmer interface {
        
    	WriteHelloWorld() string
    }
    
    // 定义一个实体类
    type GoProgrammer struct {
        
    }
    
    // 实现接口方法impl
    func (g *GoProgrammer) WriteHelloWorld() string {
        
    	return "fmt.Println(\"Hello World\")"
    }
    func TestClient(t *testing.T) {
        
    	var p Programmer
    	p = new(GoProgrammer)
    	t.Log(p.WriteHelloWorld())
    	/**
    	=== RUN   TestClient
    	    interface_test.go:21: fmt.Println("Hello World")
    	--- PASS: TestClient (0.00s)
    	PASS
    	 */
    }

> PS:学习笔记,侵删!

[0fbc54fd796448c599df21e1cadcf74a.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/07/abd6776f1b654e1bb61f1e8aec8770e8.png
[a4efd60e9d3b49fd8e6b0004d188fe77.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/07/d7bb70bd4f4641e0ad8ec94aacef3692.png
[595acf75e35d4c068b1f89c80bad296f.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/07/d276e02419924b56883a89c87023ba9b.png